不可抢占式EDF调度算法的可调度性分析

现有的不可抢占式EDF调度算法的可调度性分析判定条件限定实时任务的截止期必须等于其周期,限制了它的使用范围。论文突破这一限制,提出了更具一般性的可调度性分析判定充要条件。通过对可调度性判定充要条件的分析,提出了基于不可抢占式EDF调度算法的周期性实时系统可调度性分析算法。     

非抢占式EDF算法下周期性任务的最小相对截止期计算*

现有的求解周期性任务最小相对截止期的方法均假定任务集是采取抢占式EDF调度算法,并不适用于当任务为基于非抢占式EDF调度算法的场合,如实时通信领域。在分析了非抢占式EDF调度算法的可调度性判定条件基础上,提出了基于非抢占式EDF调度算法下周期性任务最小相对截止期的计算算法。算法通过逐渐增加任务的相对截止期直到使任务集变为可调度的方式,实现某个任务相对截止期的最小化。仿真实验表明该算法具有较好的计算复杂度。     

交换以太网中实时消息截止期划分算法研究

为解决交换式以太网中实时消息在发送及接收链路上的截止期划分问题,首先给出了非抢占式EDF调度算法的可调度性分析方法,并分析了消息的提前释放对非抢占式EDF调度算法可调度性的影响,在此基础上提出了新的截止期划分算法(MDPS)。算法通过计算可满足调度条件时消息在发送链路及接收链路截止期应该划分的下限,并结合截止期的松驰量实现实时消息在发送及接收链路上的截止期划分。算法实验比较和分析表明,该算法在提高网络聚合带宽、减小消息的错失率方面明显优于现有的ADPS算法。     

基于改进型统一调度算法改善任务集的可调度性

实时系统要求任务在最差情况下能在其截止时间前获得结果,若超过了其截止时间,也会认为是错误的行为,所以改进任务可调度性分析、提高任务集可调度性尤其重要。统一调度能结合固定优先级调度的优点,防止不必要的抢占,降低资源额外销耗,能够提高任务集合的可调度性;但其任务的可调度性分析方法过于粗糙,影响任务最差响应时间分析的结果,降低了任务集的可调度性。针对存在的问题,基于统一调度,增加任务运行阶段数,重新建立任务模型,并提出通过分配任务抢占阈值、调整运行阶段的抢占阈值与长度,优化任务可容忍阻塞,改善任务集可调度性的算法。最后,实验表明,与统一调度算法及其他算法相比,所提出的调度算法能够有效改善任务集的可调度性。     

多处理器硬实时系统的抢占阈值调度研究

在实时系统中,抢占在提高系统灵活性的同时带来额外的系统开销,特别在多处理器平台上抢占导致的作业迁移会造成相当大的性能下降,减少不必要的抢占是硬实时系统研究的重要方向.抢占阈值调度是处于抢占调度和不可抢占调度之间的一种混合调度方法,在保持调度能力的基础上限制抢占.基于截止期分析建立了多处理器硬实时系统抢占阈值调度的可调度性判定条件,针对抢占阈值调度提出一种改进的优先级分配算法OPA-MLL,并建立了抢占阈值分配(preemption threshold assignment,PTA)算法.仿真结果表明,采用OPA-MLL算法和PTA算法分别给任务集分配优先级和抢占阈值时,可调度任务集比率明显提高,同时能最大程度限制抢占次数.     

两种改进的EDF软实时动态调度算法

软实时系统中,任务的随意抢占浪费了CPU资源,过多的任务丢失降低了系统的调度性能.文章引入"动态模糊阈值"概念,提出了两种新的类似EDF调度的模糊阈值调度算法.两种算法在任务执行过程中,分别通过缩短和延长当前任务截止期至动态模糊阈值的方法节约资源、提高任务完成率.给出模糊阈值的临界值计算公式,分析算法的可调度性,进行仿...     

CAN总线中改进的EDF调度算法可调度性分析

针对于CAN总线的调度问题,因现有的平均分区EDF调度算法在对于优先级反转问题上收效甚微,从而导致消息缺乏一定的可调度性,故提出一种改进的基于幂函数分区的EDF算法;同时借助量化误差的概念,对该调度算法进行可调度性分析,充分论证了在该调度算法下,消息可调度的判定条件;采用CANoe平台进行实验仿真,对比平均分区EDF调度算法和双幂函数分区EDF调度算法,经试验测试验证了双幂函数分区EDF调度算法的可行性和优越性,改善了消息的最坏响应时间,提高了CAN网络通讯的实时性。     

改进的抢占阈值调度任务响应时间分析方法

现有的基于抢占阈值调度的任务响应时间分析方法对实时任务系统进行可调度性判定时，对任务响应时间估计过低，造成任务错过期限的现象。针对上述缺点不足，该文提出改进的基于抢占阈值调度的任务响应时间分析方法，考虑了任务释放抖动和时钟嘀嗒调度的影响，使用改进的任务参数计算系统任务时间需求函数。仿真对比结果表明，改进后的方法较单纯固定优先级抢占阈值调度下的任务响应时间分析方法得到更加精确可调度性分析结果。     

基于RM调度的任务抢占次数最多分析

传统的实时系统可调度性分析方法往往忽略任务抢占的时间开销,然而在重负载情况下,如果任务抢占次数很多,则由此带来的时间开销将不可忽略。该文分析基于单调速率调度算法的系统中任务抢占次数最多需要满足的条件,提出通过修改任务参数来减少抢占次数的方法,减少了系统在最坏情况下的任务响应时间。     

抢占阈值调度算法的分析与研究

本文详细论述了应用于静态优先级实时系统的抢占阈值调度算法。描述了算法实现和任务集合可调度性判定公式的推导,分析了算法的性能特点,阐述了抢占阈值调度是静态优先级嵌入式实时系统开发中调度算法的合适选择。     

基于RM与EDF的实时混合调度算法研究

通过对实时系统中静态调度算法RM和动态调度算法EDF的研究与分析,针对两种调度算法在实际应用中的问题,提出了一种基于阈值δ的混合调度算法,将RM与EDF调度算法相结合,并从数学角度描述了混合调度算法的可调度性与实时任务的周期、执行时间等属性之间的关系,给出了混合调度算法可调度性的充分必要条件。最后用实验验证了混合调度算法的有效性。     

A non-preemptive scheduling algorithm for soft real-time systems

Real-time systems are often designed using preemptive scheduling and worst-case execution time estimates to guarantee the execution of high priority tasks. There is, however, an interest in exploring non-preemptive scheduling models for real-time systems, particularly for soft real-time multimedia applications. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm that uses multiple scheduling strategies for efficient non-preemptive scheduling of tasks. Our goal is to improve the success ratio of the well-known Earliest Deadline First (EDF) approach when the load on the system is very high and to improve the overall performance in both underloaded and overloaded conditions. Our approach, known as group-EDF (gEDF) is based on dynamic grouping of tasks with deadlines that are very close to each other, and using Shortest Job First (SJF) technique to schedule tasks within the group. We will present results comparing gEDF with other real-time algorithms including, EDF, Best-effort, and Guarantee, by using randomly generated tasks with varying execution times, release times, deadlines and tolerance to missing deadlines, under varying workloads. We believe that grouping tasks dynamically with similar deadlines and utilizing a secondary criteria, such as minimizing the total execution time (or other metrics such as power or resource availability) for scheduling tasks within a group, can lead to new and more efficient real-time scheduling algorithms.     

EDF统一调度硬实时周期任务和偶发任务的可调度性判定算法

现有的硬实时周期任务和非周期任务的混合调度方法都没有保证非周期任务的实时性,所以不适合调度具有强实时要求的偶发任务.通过分析和计算EDF算法调度偶发任务所占用的空闲时间和挪用时间,以及调度后对空闲时间和最大可挪用时间的影响,提出一种采用EDF算法统一调度硬实时周期任务和偶发任务时的可调度性充分判定算法.最后用仿真实验得出了该算法在不同系统负载下的判定准确率和偶发任务的平均响应时间.     

A New Approach for Scheduling of Parallelizable Tasks in Real-Time Multiprocessor Systems

In a parallelizable task model, a task can be parallelized and the component tasks can be executed concurrently on multiple processors. We use this parallelism in tasks to meet their deadlines and also obtain better processor utilisation compared to non-parallelized tasks. Non-preemptive parallelizable task scheduling combines the advantages of higher schedulability and lower scheduling overhead offered by the preemptive and non-preemptive task scheduling models, respectively. We propose a new approach to maximize the benefits from task parallelization. It involves checking the schedulability of periodic tasks (if necessary, by parallelizing them) off-line and run-time scheduling of the schedulable periodic tasks together with dynamically arriving aperiodic tasks. To avoid the run-time anomaly that may occur when the actual computation time of a task is less than its worst case computation time, we propose efficient run-time mechanisms.We have carried out extensive simulation to study the effectiveness of the proposed approach by comparing the schedulability offered by it with that of dynamic scheduling using Earliest Deadline First (EDF), and by comparing its storage efficiency with that of the static table-driven approach. We found that the schedulability offered by parallelizable task scheduling is always higher than that of the EDF algorithm for a wide variety of task parameters and the storage overhead incurred by it is less than 3.6% of the static table-driven approach even under heavy task loads.     

实时中间件动态调度算法的研究及应用

文章建立了实时中间件OPC服务器的实时调度模型,设计了处理混合任务的动态调度算法(基于EDF)和实现方式,分析了算法的可调度性和非周期任务的响应性能及参数设计,并给出了相应的调度结果。     

Exact speedup factors and sub-optimality for non-preemptive scheduling

Fixed priority scheduling is used in many real-time systems; however, both preemptive and non-preemptive variants (FP-P and FP-NP) are known to be sub-optimal when compared to an optimal uniprocessor scheduling algorithm such as preemptive earliest deadline first (EDF-P). In this paper, we investigate the sub-optimality of fixed priority non-preemptive scheduling. Specifically, we derive the exact processor speed-up factor required to guarantee the feasibility under FP-NP (i.e. schedulability assuming an optimal priority assignment) of any task set that is feasible under EDF-P. As a consequence of this work, we also derive a lower bound on the sub-optimality of non-preemptive EDF (EDF-NP). As this lower bound matches a recently published upper bound for the same quantity, it closes the exact sub-optimality for EDF-NP. It is known that neither preemptive, nor non-preemptive fixed priority scheduling dominates the other, in other words, there are task sets that are feasible on a processor of unit speed under FP-P that are not feasible under FP-NP and vice-versa. Hence comparing these two algorithms, there are non-trivial speedup factors in both directions. We derive the exact speed-up factor required to guarantee the FP-NP feasibility of any FP-P feasible task set. Further, we derive the exact speed-up factor required to guarantee FP-P feasibility of any constrained-deadline FP-NP feasible task set.     

副版本不可抢占的全局容错调度算法

容错是硬实时系统的关键能力,容错调度算法可以在有错误发生的情况下满足任务的实时性需求.在主副版本机制的容错调度算法中,主版本出错后留给副版本运行的时间窗口小,副版本容易错失截止期.针对副版本需要快速响应的问题,提出副版本不可抢占的全局容错调度算法FTGS-NPB（fault-tolerant global scheduling with non-preemptive backups）,赋予副版本全局最高优先级,使副版本在主版本出错后可以立刻获得处理器资源,并且在运行过程中不会被其他任务抢占.这样,副版本可以在最短时间内响应.分别基于截止期分析和响应时间分析建立了FTGS-NPB的可调度性测试,并分析了两种可调度性测试分别适用于不同的优先级分配算法.仿真实验结果表明,FTGS-NPB可以有效地减少实现容错的代价.