聚合物异型材气辅口模挤出成型气辅滑移对异型材挤出胀大的影响

基于流变学和流体动力学理论，经合理假设，建立了描述异型材气辅口模挤出成型过程的三维等温黏弹性理论模型，并通过DEVSS／SUPG、最小元法Mini—Element和罚函数法等稳态有限元技术，建立了与该模型相适应的快速收敛的稳态有限元数值算法，并以此通过有限元数值模拟，系统研究了聚合物异型材气辅口模挤出成型过程的机理。研究结果表明：在异型材的挤出成型过程中，随着滑移系数的增大，离模膨胀也增大。聚合物异型材气辅挤出成型能基本消除挤出成型中的离模膨胀和翘曲变形。同时，解决了由于离模膨胀和翘曲变形引起的挤出口模难于设计的技术难题。     

异型材挤出口模的优化设计

本文将工程优化设计方法和聚合物流变学应用于异型材挤出口模设计,提异型材挤出口模优化设计数学模型,并在微机上实现了异型材挤出口模的优化设计。     

等壁厚塑料异型材挤出口模设计的修正

提出了塑料异型材挤出口模设计分等壁厚和非等壁厚异型挤出口模的设计方法,建立了等壁厚异型材挤出口模设计修正的物理模型和数学模型,计算出交汇熔料流速和分布及其流量,根据离模平均速度和平均流量相等,对交汇区截面形状进行了修正,该修正的口模模型在应用中与塑料异型材挤出成型较为符合。     

塑料异型材口模构型要素对挤出形变的影响

塑料异型材的挤出胀大及其引起的不规则挤出形变,是异型材挤出制品尺寸控制的难点所在。针对此类问题,采用有限元方法研究了典型异型材口模构型要素如T型口模分支立臂位置、90°夹角L型口模过渡区域转角、L型口模两臂夹角等对挤出形变和模流平衡的影响。结果表明,随T型口模分支立臂由挤出中心位置向右偏移,挤出后的型材挤出中心位置发生偏移,立臂顶端向右上变形,从而使得挤出形变加剧,需要在模具设计时将立臂顶端向挤出中心方向进行补偿。在90°夹角L型口模内外转角处设置过渡圆角,有助于模具出口处的模流平衡。L型异型材两臂夹角在挤出后变大,且初始设计夹角为60°和90°时变化较大,需要根据相关实验找出其初始设计夹角与挤出后的实际夹角对应关系,以便在模具设计过程中进行参照。上述研究结果对逆向挤出问题的求解、异型材挤出模具的设计和口模构型的确定有着一定的参考意义。     

塑料异型材口模挤出中的流变学

分析了塑料异型材口模挤出中流变学问题的研究现状，并对今后的研究内容提出了建议。     

壁面滑移对塑料异型材共挤影响的数值模拟研究

在壁面滑移的边界条件下,利用流体有限元分析软件Polyflow,采用Giesekus本构方程,对L型塑料异型材进行了三维等温共挤出数值模拟。分析了滑移系数对共挤出胀大和粘性包围、口模出口面的剪切速率场及共挤出口模压力降的影响。研究表明,随着滑移系数的增大,共挤出胀大和粘性包围、口模出口面的最大剪切速率及口模压力降也逐渐增大,且滑移系数介于105和108之间时增速最大;滑移系数越小,共挤出制品质量越好。     

浅析挤出模具口模设计

针对塑料异型材挤出模具口模设计中的各种因素,通过实例分析及理论解释,阐述了设计过程中的注意事项,以便更好地完善挤出模具口模的设计.     

马鞍型异型材挤出成型过程三维等温粘弹性的数值模拟

基于PTT粘弹性本构模型,通过马鞍型异型材挤出成型过程的全三维稳态等温有限元数值模拟,系统研究了聚合物粘弹性流变性能参数和成型工艺参数对异型材口模挤出成型过程的影响规律,并揭示了其影响机理.研究结果表明,聚合物异型材口模挤出离模膨胀是由口模出口处的二次流动引起,离模膨胀比随着口模出口处的二次流动强度增加而增大.聚合物异型材口模挤出离模膨胀随着进口流量和聚合物熔体松弛时间的增加而增加,而随着聚合物熔体材料常数和粘度比的增大而减小.     

逆向挤出在木塑异型材挤出口模设计中的应用

介绍了POLYFLOW模拟软件的结构、特点及其在聚合物加工过程中的应用，以工字型木塑异型材挤出口模设计为例，建立了数学模型、几何模型及有限元模型，并进行了数值模拟和分析，详细论述了如何有效应用POLYFLOW逆向挤出功能对木塑复合异型材挤出口模进行设计。     

塑料异型材挤出口模设计的数值模拟概述

从挤出口模设计原则出发,综述了数值模拟技术在塑料异型材口模流道的曲面构型,入口角和压缩比、降低或消除挤出胀大和挤出口模成型段的设计、熔体流动平衡和压力降的研究进展,以及口模设计的发展趋势.     

挤塑口模中三维路线示踪与停留时间分布

用PTT模型研究了聚合物在挤塑口模中的三维流动,提出一种通用的三维路线示踪方法用于流动分析。用有限元法分析控制方程得到的速度场,可以计算熔体的三维流动路线和停留时间分布,算例表明这是一种简单、实用的求解停留时间分布的方法。     

A finite piece method for simulating polymer melt flows in extrusion sheet dies

A finite piece method is proposed to simulate three‐dimensional slit flows in extrusion sheet dies in this paper. The simulations concern incompressible fluids obeying different constitutive equations: generalized Newtonian (Carreau‐Yasuda law), and viscoelastic Phan‐Thien Tanner (PTT) models. Numerical simulations are carried out for the isothermal and nonisothermal flows of polymer melt through sheet dies. The Picard iteration method is utilized to solve nonlinear equations. The results of the finite piece method are compared with the three‐dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM) simulation and experiments. At the die exit, the relative error of the volumetric flow between the finite piece method and the 3D FEM is below 1.2%. The discrepancy of the pressure distributions does not exceed 6%. The Maximum error of the uniformity index between the simulations and experiments is about 2.3%. It shows that the solution accuracy of the finite piece method is excellent, and a substantial amount of computing time and memory requirement can be saved. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

鱼尾型片材机头内熔体流动的三维有限元模拟

利用ANSYS和MATLAB软件，对鱼尾型片材机头流道内熔体的速度、压力和剪切应力的分布进行三维有限元模拟和分析。通过对机头流道不同截面处熔体场量分布的模拟，探知了熔体在流道内的运动规律及特点，对口模设计具有一定的指导作用。     

Investigation of combination of finite element formulation and element type on the accuracy of 3D modeling of polymeric fluid flow in an extrusion die

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of finite element formulation and element type on the accuracy of 3D modeling of generalized Newtonian fluid flow in complex domains. Computer models based on three finite element solution schemes (mixed, continuous, and discrete penalty), and two element types (hexahedral and tetrahedral) in a 3D framework were developed. The well‐known Carreau model was used to reflect the rheological behavior of the fluid. To determine the validity of the developed computer simulations, the flow of two high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) melts with different viscosities through an extrusion die was simulated and compared with experimentally measured data. Comparison showed that the three methods produced nearly the same results with the hexahedral elements. However, continuous penalty method using tetrahedral elements demonstrated an extreme discrepancy from the experimental data. Discrete penalty method was unable to predict secondary variable (pressure) accurately using tetrahedral elements. The best results were obtained by the use of mixed method in conjunction with tetrahedral elements. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

用三维有限元法设计橡胶挤出机板机头

从板机头的特点出发,分析了运用三维有限元法对其进行设计的必要性;在等温假设的基础上,介绍了运用三维有限元法计算机头内流场的基本步骤;给出了以三维有限元法为工具,有用波阵技术对板机头流道进行理论设计的程序框图 。     

Compensating for die swell in the design of profile dies

Because of the effects of die swell, the final shape of an extrudate is often substantially different from that of the exit opening of the die. As a result, the design of profile dies producing complex shapes often involves more than just “balancing” the die but also compensating for the effects of die swell. Typically, a successful design of such dies is achieved only through much “cut and try,” However, with the use of a fully three‐dimensional finite element flow algorithm along with quick mesh generating capabilities, the usual cut and try involved in the design of many profile dies can be greatly reduced, if not eliminated. This paper demonstrates how the effects of die swell can be compensated for in the design of profile dies. For profiles with one plane of symmetry, this includes compensating for the sideways translation of the extrudate as well as the change in shape that the extrudate experiences. Completely asymmetric profiles undergo a “twisting” downstream of the die. This twisting, which appears not to have been reported in the literature (at least for isothermal extrusion), is also accounted for here, along with the change in shape that the extrudate undergoes. The translation or twisting of profiles downstream of a die is often attributed to non‐Newtonian or non‐isothermal effects. Only isothermal Newtonian examples are considered here. These results clearly show that asymmetry of the profile will result in a translation and twisting of the extrudate even in the isothermal Newtonian case.     

异型材挤出成型过程三维等温黏弹性的数值模拟

针对异型材挤出成型流动过程的特点，基于PTT黏弹性本构模型，经合理假设，建立了描述其成型过程的三维等温黏弹性理论模型，并通过DEVSS／SUPG、最小元法Mini—Element和罚函数法等稳态有限元技术，建立了与该模型相适应的快速收敛的稳态有限元数值算法，并以此通过有限元数值模拟，系统研究了松弛时间和进口流量对异型材挤出成型过程的影响，得出了离模膨胀随松弛时间、进口流量增大而增大的规律。并通过理论分析，揭示了第一法向应力差决定离模膨胀的机理。数值模拟结果与传统的挤出实验研究结论相吻合。     

塑料管材和板材的挤出成型

从原料、设备、工艺等方面介绍塑料管材和板材挤出成型的基本原理和方法。重点介绍管材和板材的种类、主要应用领域和范围；挤出设备的组成和特点，管材机头和板材机头的工艺要求和结构特点，冷却定型和定径的方法，列举了几种常见的管材冷却方式，给出了常见塑料管材和板材的参考加工温度。并对特殊性能和结构的管材挤出和板材挤出进行了简单介绍。     

气辅口模完全滑移挤出成型过程的三维等温黏弹性数值模拟研究

基于先进气辅口模完全滑移挤出成型过程的特点，建立了描述其成型过程的三维等温黏弹性理论模型，并通过DEVSS／SUPG等稳态有限元技术，建立了与该模型相适应的高效稳态有限元数值算法。通过数值模拟，研究了气辅口模完全滑移挤出成型机理，并给出了不同材料流变性能与其离模膨胀形貌的规律性关系，还揭示了其影响机理。数值模拟结果与R．H．Liang的实验结论相吻合。