绿色有机蒙脱石的制备、表征及其抗菌活性

为了提高天然粘土矿物的除藻能力,并降低其对环境的毒性,本研究使用环境友好型季铵盐[1,5-(戊撑)双(N,N’-乙酸十二酯溴化铵)对粘土矿物进行了改性,制备了新型的有机粘土矿物O-MMT2。对O-MMT2进行了结构表征和抗菌特性的研究。结果表明,相对于天然粘土矿物有机粘土矿物O-MMT2的表面疏水性有了明显的提高。O-MMT2的抗菌活性不但优于天然的粘土矿物,而且也优于单季铵盐十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性的粘土矿物O-MMT1。在使用量分别为0.6 g/L和1.0 g/L时,O-MMT2就可以完全杀死藻类和细菌,而对于O-MMT1要达到同样的效果,则分别需要1.0 g/L和1.2 g/L。     

茶多酚对家兔动脉血压的影响

目的:观察茶多酚对动脉血压的影响。方法:家兔进行动脉插管手术,静脉给药,通过BL-420S生物机能实验系统,观察茶多酚对家兔动脉血压的作用。结果:(1)茶多酚溶液对家兔动脉血压具有一定的降压作用,且表现出浓度依赖性,差异显著(p0.01),其降压作用强度为:1 g/L2 g/L4 g/L8 g/L16 g/L32 g/L64 g/L。(2)终浓度为64 g/L的茶多酚溶液对家兔动脉血压的降压作用最强,但不能恢复正常,可视为用药过量。3.茶多酚的最适作用浓度为32 g/L。结论:茶多酚溶液对家兔动脉血压具有一定的降压作用,且具有浓度依赖性,其最适降压浓度为32 g/L。     

医用钴铬合金化学镀银工艺及其抗菌性能

钴铬合金具有良好的力学性能和生物相容性，被广泛用作医用金属植入物，但钴铬合金的抗菌性能较差，容易引发细菌感染。为此，在钴铬合金表面化学镀银以提高其抗菌性能。研究了AgNO₃质量浓度、温度和pH对化学镀银层厚度的影响。结果表明，随AgNO₃质量浓度、温度或pH增大，Ag镀层厚度先增大后减小。较佳的配方和工艺条件为：AgNO₃ 5 g/L,NaOH 2.5 g/L,NH₃·H₂O 20 mL/L，葡萄糖0.45 g/L，酒石酸钾钠1.25 g/L，硫脲2 mg/L,pH 12.6，温度25℃，时间2 h。在该条件下制备的Ag镀层厚度为6μm，均匀、致密，无杂质，结合力达到12 N，具有良好的抗菌性能。     

棉织物的抗菌免烫整理研究

通过正交试验探讨了用H2 O2 氧化降解法制备适用于与聚羧酸MAA - 1配合进行抗菌免烫整理的低聚水溶性壳聚糖的最佳工艺 ,研究了降解壳聚糖与聚羧酸MAA - 1配合对棉织物进行抗菌免烫整理的工艺以及降解壳聚糖的质量浓度和相对分子质量对整理效果的影响。结果表明 :用 80g/L的聚羧酸MAA - 1和 4 0 g/L相对分子质量为 90 0 0的降解壳聚糖分两浴整理的棉织物的褶皱回复角为 2 71°,DP等级为 4 .0 ,断裂强力保留率为 6 4 % ,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率分别为 94%和 83%。经过 2 0次洗涤 ,其WRA为 2 5 7° ,DP等级为 3.7,而抗菌率则均保持在洗涤前的 80 %以上。阴离子染料 (直接冻黄G)染色的K/S值较用聚羧酸MAA - 1整理的棉织物提高了 1 .85。     

接枝型水不溶高分子抗菌材料的制备与抗菌特性

以接枝微粒氯甲基聚苯乙烯/硅胶(CMPSt/SiO2)为原料,用三乙胺(TEA)、三丁胺(TBA)及三苯基膦对其进行季铵(QN)化与季鏻(QP)化反应,制备了2种水不溶抗菌复合材料QN-PSt/SiO2与QP-PSt/SiO2;以大肠杆菌为致病菌体,采用平板活菌计数法研究了其抗菌性能及抗菌基团结构与抗菌性能的关系,采用胞外DNA和RNA测定法探索了其抗菌机理. 结果表明,2种材料具有很强的抗菌能力,QP-PSt/SiO2用量15 g/L时与浓度为109 mL-1的菌悬液接触1 min,杀菌率达100%. 影响复合微粒抗菌率的主要因素是抗菌基团的化学结构及其在材料表面的密度,接枝大分子链CMPSt的季铵(鏻)化程度即材料表面的季铵(鏻)基团密度越高,抗菌性能越强;季鏻盐型QP-PSt/SiO2的抗菌性能高于季铵盐型QN-PSt/SiO2;以三丁胺为季铵化试剂制备的QN-PSt/SiO2(TBA)的抗菌性能优于以三乙胺为季铵化试剂制备的QN-PSt/SiO2(TEA). QN-PSt/SiO2与QP-PSt/SiO2的抗菌作用实质是杀菌.     

烟酰胺与茶多酚复配对抑制PIG1细胞黑色素的影响

研究了烟酰胺及其与茶多酚复配组分对黑色素生物合成及转运机制的作用,以促黑素细胞激素（α-MSH）诱导黑色素高表达的正常人皮肤黑色素细胞（PIG1细胞）为研究模型,通过NaOH裂解比色法测定PIG1细胞黑色素含量,多巴氧化比色法测定PIG1细胞内酪氨酸酶活性,免疫印迹法（Western blot）检测PIG1细胞内调节黑色素生物合成及转运关键受体酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1(TRP-1)、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白2(TRP-2)、黑皮质素受体1(MC1R)及Rab27a蛋白表达情况。结果表明,当2 g/L烟酰胺+0.5 g/L茶多酚、3 g/L烟酰胺+0.3 g/L茶多酚、3 g/L烟酰胺+0.5 g/L茶多酚复配组合时,对α-MSH诱导黑色素高表达的PIG1细胞中黑色素含量、细胞内酪氨酸酶活性、TRP-1、TRP-2、MC1R及Rab27a蛋白均存在极显著的抑制作用,并强于5 g/L烟酰胺,而当烟酰胺质量浓度为2 g/L时仅对细胞内酪氨酸酶活性存在抑制作用,即复配组合具有更显著的抑制PIG1细胞中黑色素生物合成及转移的作用。     

抗菌镀银织物的制备及其性能研究

以镀银涤纶短纤和普通棉为原料制备了抗菌棉涤织物,研究了镀银短纤含量对织物抗菌性能及织物的染整性的影响.结果表明,抗菌棉涤织物具有很好的抗菌性,抗菌率随镀银短纤含量的增加而提高,且与指数函数拟合显著相关.染整工艺中ρ(NaOH)为6g/L以下时,对短纤中银的影响不大;ρ(NaOH)为8g/L时,镀银短纤的抗菌性最好.     

含载金属离子沸石粉抗菌纸的抗菌性能检测

实验旨在对含载金属离子沸石粉抗菌纸的抗菌性能进行检测。采用液体连续稀释法和96孔板检测法检测载金属离子沸石粉对细菌(大肠埃希菌E.coli、金黄色葡萄球菌S.aureus)和真菌(白色念珠菌M.albican、黑根霉R.nigricans、黑曲霉A.niger)的最小抗菌浓度(MIC),以及平板菌落计数法对抗菌纸的抗菌率进行检测(抗菌率计算公式为:X 5=(A-B)/A×100%,其中X 5为抗菌率,A为对照平板菌落,B为样品平板菌落)。载金属离子沸石粉对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的MIC分别达到1×10~(-7)g/m L、1×10~(-5)g/m L、1×10~(-6)g/m L,对根霉和曲霉也具有一定的抑制效果。抗菌纸对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的抗菌率均在48%以上,完全符合《一次性卫生用品卫生标准》中所规定的抗菌率在26%以上的标准。     

壳聚糖与柠檬醛缩合反应产席夫碱及其抗菌活性

通过壳聚糖与柠檬醛在超声波振荡下反应制备了壳聚糖缩柠檬醛席夫碱。采用[L9（33）]正交实验探讨了反应时间、反应温度及反应物配比对壳聚糖席夫碱缩合率和取代度的影响。最佳条件为：反应物配比n（壳聚糖）∶n（柠檬醛）=1∶6,反应温度40～50 ℃,反应时间10 h,壳聚糖席夫碱的缩合率可达86%,取代度为0.82。红外光谱和X射线衍射光谱结果表明产物具有壳聚糖席夫碱的结构特征。对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和黑曲霉的抗菌实验表明,该产物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和黑曲霉的最低抑菌浓度分别为1 g/L、1 g/L和5 g/L,其抗菌活性随浓度的增加而增加,且优于壳聚糖。     

有荧光性能的蒽醛查尔酮合成及其抗菌活性

在室温下以天然产物丹皮酚(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯乙酮)为原料,与9-蒽醛用碱催化发生克莱森-施密特缩合反应,制备出了一种9-蒽醛查尔酮类化合物,收率可高达68.8%,并测试了其荧光性能和抗菌活性。利用紫外、红外、质谱以及元素分析,结合核磁共振氢谱、碳谱和135°DEPT谱,对该查尔酮类化合物的结构进行综合表征,确定为1-(2-羟基-4-甲氧苯基)-3-(9-蒽基)-丙烯酮,有很好的荧光性能,荧光最大发射波长为325 nm。抗菌实验表明:对测试的植物源真菌和病源细菌均有抗菌活性,测试植物源真菌抗菌活性用生长速率法,在质量浓度为1.0 g/L时对油菜菌核病菌的抑菌率为61.15%;测试病源细菌的最小抑菌质量浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌质量浓度(MBC),对铜绿假单胞菌ATCC27853株的MIC值为0.66 g/L、MBC值为0.92 g/L。     

Electro-membrane reactor for separation and in situ ion substitution of glutamic acid from its sodium salt

An electro-membrane reactor with four compartments (EMR-4) (anolyte, catholyte and comp. 1 and 2) based on in-house-prepared cation- and anion-exchange membrane (CEM and AEM, respectively) was developed to achieve separation and recovery of glutamic acid (GAH) from its sodium salt by in situ ion substitution and acidification. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of CEM and AEM were characterized and its suitability was assessed in operating environment. The separation of GA⁻ from the mixture of nonionic organic compounds and further ion substitution was achieved by EMR-4. But the higher energy consumption (5.75 kWh/kg of GAH produced), low current efficiency (50.5%) and recovery of GAH (57.2%) in this process were main obstacles for the industrial exploration of the process. Latter, electro-membrane reactor with three compartments (EMR-3) (anolyte, catholyte and central compartment) was developed based on CEMs for only in situ ion substitution of GANa to achieve GAH, in which GA⁻ was not allowed for electro-migration from its feed compartment. CE and recovery of GAH were close to 73% and 96% that indicate the suitability of the EMR-3 process for industrial application over the EMR-4. It was concluded that EMR-3 was efficient as compared to EMR-4 for separation and recovery of GAH from fermentation broth by in situ ion substitution in eco-friendly manner.     

巨尾桉单宁的提取分离及其抗菌抗氧化性能

采用超声波辅助法提取了巨尾桉叶中的单宁,大孔树脂吸附法纯化了粗提物,考察了提取物对8种常见菌种的抑制作用和对H2O2、DPPH.和.OH的清除作用。结果表明,巨尾桉单宁的提取得率为4.01%;经树脂分离纯化后单宁质量分数达到53.12%;巨尾桉单宁对除大肠杆菌外的供试菌种均有较强的抑制作用,纯化后的单宁对金黄色葡萄球菌、酵母菌和痢疾杆菌的最低抑菌质量浓度(MIC)均为1.0 g/L,对蜡状芽孢杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑制作用优于阳性对照物;粗提物、纯化物在质量浓度为0.50 g/L时对H2O2有最大清除率,分别为80.00%、89.12%,其IC50分别为0.11、0.12 g/L;抗坏血酸、粗提物和纯化物均在质量浓度为1.50 g/L时对DPPH.有最大清除率,分别为98.43%、88.97%和92.21%。在清除.OH体系中,粗提物、纯化物均在质量浓度为4.00 g/L时有最大清除率,分别为87.52%和94.32%,各试样对.OH的清除能力依次为抗坏血酸>纯化物>粗提物。     

巨尾桉单宁的纯化工艺及其抗氧化抑菌性能

利用NKA-9大孔树脂纯化了巨尾桉树皮和树叶中的单宁,并采用二苯基苦基肼自由基(DPPH·)和羟基自由基(·OH)的清除作用评价了其抗氧化性,采用滤纸片扩散法测定了其对5种常见食源性致病菌的抑菌作用。结果表明,在上样质量浓度0.8 g/L、上样量10 mL、体积分数80%乙醇解吸液用量为3倍柱体积(BV)的动态纯化条件下,树皮单宁纯化物中单宁的质量分数为47.82%;在上样质量浓度0.5g/L、上样量10mL、体积分数80%解吸液用量3BV的动态纯化条件下,树叶单宁纯化物中单宁的质量分数为37.00%。树皮和树叶中单宁纯化物对DPPH·的半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.0121和0.0168g/L;当单宁质量浓度为0.6 g/L时,对·OH的清除作用相当于V_C的2.55和2.19倍。树皮和树叶中单宁纯化物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、痢疾杆菌、沙门氏菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌的抑制作用均强于粗提物,且对痢疾杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别达13.25、12.50 mm。     

癸酰化氨基葡萄糖表面活性剂的合成与性能

利用甲壳素完全降解产物—氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐与癸酰氯反应,合成了一种两亲性化合物—癸酰化氨基葡萄糖(C-GluN)。采用红外光谱对产物进行了结构表征。对其性能的测定结果表明:C-GluN在25℃下临界胶束浓度(cmc)为1.6×10-5mol·L-1,最低表面张力(γcmc)达31.5mN·m-1,具有良好的起泡性和乳化性。     

氨基葡萄糖辛酸盐的合成与性能研究

氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐与三乙胺在乙醇-水相反应条件下生成氨基葡萄糖(GA),再与辛酸反应,合成了一种氨基葡萄糖为反离子的脂肪羧酸盐表面活性剂氨基葡萄糖辛酸盐(GAC)。采用红外光谱和N元素含量分析对GAC进行了结构表征,并测试了其表面性能。结果表明:25℃下,GAC的CMC值为1.09×10-3mol/L,γCMC为35.3 mN/m,Γmax为1.09×10-10mol.cm-2,Amin为0.32 nm2;GAC具有一定的泡沫性能,并对液体石蜡具有较好的乳化能力;与十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)、Tween 80和十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(1631)等助剂配伍良好,无分层现象。     

Pharmacological Assessment of the Medicinal Potential of Acacia mearnsii De Wild.: Antimicrobial and Toxicity Activities

Acacia mearnsii De Wild. (Fabaceae) is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of microbial infections in South Africa without scientific validation of its bioactivity and toxicity. The antimicrobial activity of the crude acetone extract was evaluated by both agar diffusion and macrobroth dilution methods while its cytotoxicity effect was assessed with brine shrimp lethality assay. The study showed that both bacterial and fungal isolates were highly inhibited by the crude extract. The MIC values for the gram-positive bacteria (78.1-312.5) μg/mL, gram-negative bacteria (39.1-625) μg/mL and fungal isolates (625-5000) μg/mL differ significantly. The bacteria were more susceptible than the fungal strains tested. The antibiosis determination showed that the extract was more (75%) bactericidal than bacteriostatic (25%) and more fungicidal (66.67%) than fungistatic (33.33%). The cytotoxic activity of the extract was observed between 31.25 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL and the LC(50) value (112.36 μg/mL) indicates that the extract was nontoxic in the brine shrimp lethality assay (LC(50) > 100 μg/mL). These results support the use of A. mearnsii in traditional medicine for treatment of microbial infections. The extract exhibiting significant broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and nontoxic effects has potential to yield active antimicrobial compounds.     

季铵盐改性蒙脱土的抗菌活性及抗菌机理

采用离子交换法将不同季钱盐插层到钠基蒙脱土中制备了改性蒙脱土.改性蒙脱土对革兰氏阳性菌(S.aereus)和革兰氏阴性菌(E coli)均有很强的抗菌作用,并且随着季铵盐在蒙脱土中的质量分数增加其抗菌活性增强.不同季铵盐改性蒙脱土的抗菌活性不同,其中双季铵盐改性蒙脱土的抗菌活性最好,对S.aereus和E coli的最小抑菌浓度分别为6.25 mg/L和12.5 mg/L.用扫描电镜对与细菌接触不同时间后的改性蒙脱土进行观察,结果表明:细菌先吸附到改性蒙脱土的表面,然后慢慢的变形死亡.同时,对在0.9%的生理盐水中浸泡不同时间后的改性蒙脱土进行X射线衍射和热重分析.结果表明:随着浸泡时间的增加,蒙脱土中的有机物质量分数及层间距均逐渐减少,说明季铵盐能从蒙脱土的层间解吸出来,并进入溶液中直接杀死细菌.因而,改性蒙脱土的抗菌活性是吸附与释放到溶液中的季铵盐离子协同作用的结果.     

Effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and triclocarban on several eukaryotic cell lines: elucidating cytotoxicity,endocrine disruption,and reactive oxygen species generation

To date, only a few reports about studies on toxic effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) are available, and their results are often controversial. Three different cell lines (rainbow trout liver cells (RTL-W1), human adrenocortical carcinoma cells (T47Dluc), and human adrenocarcinoma cells (H295R)) were exposed to multiwalled carbon nanotubes, the antimicrobial agent triclocarban (TCC) as well as the mixture of both substances in a concentration range of 3.13 to 50 mg CNT/L, 31.25 to 500 μg TCC/L, and 3.13 to 50 mg CNT/L + 1% TCC (percentage relative to carbon nanotubes concentration), respectively. Triclocarban is a high-production volume chemical that is widely used as an antimicrobial compound and is known for its toxicity, hydrophobicity, endocrine disruption, bioaccumulation potential, and environmental persistence. Carbon nanotubes are known to interact with hydrophobic organic compounds. Therefore, triclocarban was selected as a model substance to examine mixture toxicity in this study. The influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and triclocarban on various toxicological endpoints was specified: neither cytotoxicity nor endocrine disruption could be observed after exposure of the three cell lines to carbon nanotubes, but the nanomaterial caused intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in all cell types. For TCC on the other hand, cell vitality of 80% could be observed at a concentration of 2.1 mg/L for treated RTL-W1 cells. A decrease of luciferase activity in the ER Calux assay at a triclocarban concentration of 125 μg/L and higher was observed. This effect was less pronounced when multiwalled carbon nanotubes were present in the medium. Taken together, these results demonstrate that multiwalled carbon nanotubes induce the production of reactive oxygen species in RTL-W1, T47Dluc, and H295R cells, reveal no cytotoxicity, and reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of the biocide triclocarban.     

一种新型白蒿精油空气清新剂的研制

研制一种新型白蒿精油杀菌空气清新剂。传统水蒸气蒸馏法提取白蒿精油,微孔稀释法考察其抑菌活性。为了提高精油的利用率,采用β-环糊精(β-CD)微胶囊技术对其进行包合,从而研制成新型喷雾空气清新剂,并在流通的病房考察空气清新剂的消毒效果。结果表明,白蒿精油具有广谱抗菌效果,对实验所用的致病菌有较强的抑制和灭活作用。对大肠埃希氏菌和白假丝酵母菌的MIC可达7.8μL/mL,MBC值范围为7.80～60.50μL/mL。白蒿精油空气清新剂消毒效果显著的高于对照,其杀菌率为85.63%。白蒿精油空气清新剂具有较强的空间灭菌作用,是一种有效的新型空气消毒剂。     

纳米银的制备及其复乳的体外抑菌活性

用(2-乙基己基)磺基琥珀酸钠(AOT)/肉豆蔻酸异丙酯/水微乳体系制备无毒、无刺激性的纳米银,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)对其进行了表征。结果表明,纳米银呈球状、粒径分布均匀,平均粒径30nm。体外抑菌结果显示,纳米银复乳对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、无乳链球菌的最小抑菌质量浓度分别为50、100、50μg/L。