等离子体改性MWCNTs对环氧树脂力学性能的影响

以等离子体表面处理方式对多壁碳纳米管(简称碳纳米管)进行表面改性,采用红外光谱仪对原始碳纳米管和等离子体处理后的碳纳米管进行了表征,利用透射电镜观察了等离子体处理前后碳纳米管的形貌。以原始的碳纳米管和经过等离子体改性处理后的碳纳米管作为填料,制备了碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料,研究了等离子体处理前后碳纳米管的加入对环氧树脂的力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加碳纳米管后提高了环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能。原始碳纳米管质量分数达0.75%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度分别较纯环氧树脂提高15.1%,4.8%。等离子体处理后的碳纳米管质量分数达1.00%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度分别较纯环氧树脂提高77.0%,71.5%。并利用场发射电镜观察了碳纳米管在环氧树脂基体中的分散情况。     

碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能影响因素的研究

本文研究了碳纳米管在环氧树脂中的分散方式及碳纳米管长度对环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响,并对单壁与多壁碳纳米管分别制备的环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能进行了分析探讨。本实验条件如下:搅拌时间为8h时复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别可比1h时增加41%、22%和38%;超声波处理时间为4h时复合材料的冲击强度、拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别可比处理1h时增加143%、30%和45%,但超声波处理时间不宜过长,否则会破坏碳纳米管表面,导致性能下降。短碳纳米管在环氧树脂中的分散性较好,对环氧树脂复合材料的增强效果较好。长碳纳米管对提高复合材料的韧性有利。与长度为50μm时相比,碳纳米管长度为2μm时制备的环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度高49.2%和45.3%,但断裂伸长率低33%。与单壁碳纳米管相比,多壁碳纳米管与环氧树脂的界面结合力更好,更适于做环氧树脂增韧材料。相同实验条件下多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的冲击强度、断裂伸长率和拉伸强度较单壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料可分别提高31%、24%和28%。     

马来酸酐等离子体功能化CNTs对环氧树脂力学性能的影响

用等离子体诱导马来酸酐(MAH)修饰碳纳米管(p-CNTs),使其表面高度功能化,并将其引入环氧树脂(EP)固化体系,制备EP/p-CNTs纳米复合材料。考察了功能化参数对EP/p-CNTs纳米复合材料力学性能的影响。经p-CNTs掺杂的复合材料力学性能显著提高,在优化的等离子体功能化条件(功率30 W、时间20 min、温度120℃)下制备w(p-CNTs)为0.3%的复合材料,其拉伸强度、拉伸弹性模量、拉伸断裂应变及简支梁缺口冲击强度较纯EP分别提高了83%,484%,208%,101%。     

碳纳米管的氨基化对环氧树脂力学性能的影响

研究了三乙烯四胺(TETA)修饰的多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)对环氧树脂(EP)/MWNT复合材料力学性能的影响。结果显示,氨基化的短MWNT表面的TETA含量较高,修饰效果较好,在EP中分散性较好。添加1%左右的氨基化短MWNT复合材料的冲击强度、断裂伸长率、拉伸强度和弯曲强度较纯EP分别提高了163%、345%、80%和31%;氨基化的长MWNT比短MWNT复合材料的冲击强度和断裂伸长率分别高18.4%和10.2%;拉伸强度和弯曲强度则分别低4.2%和5.3%。     

功能化碳纳米管改性制备高强度环氧树脂复合材料

采取高弹性、高强度的碳纳米管材料对环氧树脂进行改性,羧基和环氧基功能化法对碳纳米管进行改性,通过共混法制备碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料,对其力学性能的影响因素进行分析,并进行微观形貌分析。实验结果表明:添加碳纳米管的环氧树脂复合材料较未添加的环氧树脂力学性能均有明显提升,三种样品中,E-M60/EP的增韧效果最好,冲击强度、弯曲强度、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为26.1 kJ/m~2、127.2 MPa、48.6 MPa和8.2%,较未添加前分别提升了75.2%、35.0%、176%和1 950%。当添加量为0.6%以下时,小粒径的碳纳米管更有利于提升材料力学性能,C-M20/EP的冲击强度、弯曲强度和拉伸强度较未添加的环氧树脂分别提升了62.4%、32.7%和144%。当添加量为0.6%～1.0%时大粒径的碳纳米管改善效果更好,C-M60/EP的冲击强度、弯曲强度和拉伸强度分别提升了67.8%、34.3%和172%。     

水性聚氨酯/十二烷基苯磺酸钠修饰多壁碳纳米管复合材料的制备与表征

以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)修饰多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)得到MWNTs-SDBS,采用溶液共混法,制备出水性聚氨酯/SDBS修饰多壁碳纳米管复合材料。探讨了MWNTs-SDBS含量对复合材料力学性能、热性能和电性能的影响及复合材料的微观结构。结果表明:碳纳米管在水性聚氨酯中分散均匀,明显提高了水性聚氨酯的力学性能和导电性。与纯水性聚氨酯相比,当MWNTs-SDBS含量为0.3%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高9%和29%;当其含量为0.9%时,复合材料的电阻率提高接近9个数量级。此外,添加碳纳米管降低了聚氨酯软段的结晶性能。     

碳纳米管定向排列增强碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料制备及力学性能

采用高频电场诱导法制备了碳纳米管定向有序填充的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料。研究了电场频率对复合材料力学性能的影响规律,对复合材料的显微形貌进行观察。结果表明:在富树脂区碳纳米管沿着电场方向存在明显的有序排列现象;高频电场诱导后复合材料的层间剪切强度最大提高28.9%,压缩强度提高28.83%,弯曲强度提升15.01%,断口粗糙度增加,树脂与碳纤维的界面结合状态改善。     

碳纳米管改性氰酸酯树脂/碳纤维复合材料研究

采用多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)为改性剂,对环氧树脂/双酚A型氰酸酯树脂体系进行增韧改性。以该改性体系制备了碳纳米管改性氰酸酯树脂/碳纤维复合材料。研究了MWNTs加入量对复合材料力学性能的影响,利用动态力学分析仪和扫描电子显微镜分别对该复合材料的耐热性及微观形貌进行了分析。结果表明,MWNTs的加入能明显地改善复合材料的耐热性和力学性能,当MWNTs的含量为1份和1.5份时,复合材料的层间剪切强度和弯曲强度分别提高约31%和23%。     

环氧树脂/碳纳米管复合材料的性能研究

采用溶液混合法制备了环氧树脂/碳纳米管复合材料,探讨了碳纳米管的含量对复合材料拉伸和导电性能的影响。结果表明:随着碳纳米管含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、杨氏模量和断裂伸长率均先提高后降低;当其质量分数为0.6%时,复合材料拉伸性能达到最优值且比纯环氧树脂分别提高了82.5%,40.2%和43.8%。复合材料的电导率呈现典型的渗阈行为,当碳纳米管的质量分数为1.8%时,复合材料电导率为1.31×10-5S/m,达到了半导体级别。     

碳纳米管/炭黑环氧树脂的制备与性能研究

使用CNTs和炭黑一同复合来改性善环氧树脂的性能,主要考察了固化剂用量、促进剂用量、碳纳米管/炭黑用量、超声时间和稀释剂用量对复合材料的导电性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入环氧树脂2%~3%的碳纳米管/炭黑后能显著提升复合材料的导电性能和力学性能,通过多组分复合改性可以得到低成本高性能的环氧树脂材料。     

Effects of nanotube modification on the dielectric behaviors and mechanical properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes/epoxy composites

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were modified by three methods, namely, oxidizing the tubes and opening both ends, filling the tubes with Ag, and grafting the tubes with hexamethylene diamine. Modified MWNTs/epoxy composites were prepared by melt‐mixing epoxy resin with the tubes. Transmission electron microscope images showed that the modified MWNTs can be dispersed in the epoxy matrix homogeneously. The dielectric behaviors and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The dielectric and mechanical properties of the modified MWNTs/epoxy composites were considerably improved compared with those of the epoxy matrix. The tensile strengths of the Ag‐filled, opened, and grafted MWNTs composites at the same filler content of 1.1 wt% were higher by ～30.5%, 35.6%, and 27.4%, respectively, than that of neat epoxy. The Izod notched impact strength of the grafted MWNTs/epoxy composite with filler content of 1.1 wt% was approximately four times higher than that of neat epoxy. A dielectric constant of ～150 of the composite with 1.1 wt% Ag‐filled nanotubes was observed in the low‐frequency range, which was ～40 times higher than that of the epoxy matrix. The proper modification of nanotubes provides a way to improve the properties of the polymer‐based composites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effects of surface modification on rheological and mechanical properties of CNT/epoxy composites

Despite superior properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), physical properties of the CNT/epoxy composites are not improved significantly because interfacial bonding between the CNTs and the polymer matrix is weak. CNTs were treated by an acidic solution to remove impurities and modified subsequently by amine treatment or plasma oxidation to improve interfacial bonding and dispersion of nanotubes in the epoxy matrix. The functional groups on the surface of treated CNTs were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface modified CNTs were embedded in the epoxy resin by ultra-sonication and the cured nanotube containing composites were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Rheological properties of nanotube containing epoxy resin and mechanical properties of the modified CNT/epoxy composites were improved because the modification of CNTs improved dispersion and interaction between the CNT and the epoxy resin.     

Surfactant-Assisted Dispersion of MWCNTs in Epoxy Resin Used in CFRP Strengthening Systems

The epoxy resin used as the bonding agent in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening systems was modified by the infusion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Two types of surfactants, Triton X-100 and C₁₂E₈, were used to disperse the nanotubes in the epoxy resin employing ultrasonic mixing. Dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile tests were conducted to study the effect of the surfactant-assisted dispersion of nanotubes on the thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy composites. The morphology of the epoxy composites was interpreted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the effect of surfactant treatment on the structure of nanotubes was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). Based on the experimental results, the tensile strength and the storage modulus of the epoxy resin were increased by 32% and 26%, respectively, by the addition of MWCNTs. This was attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes in the epoxy resin according to the SEM images. Another reason for the enhancement in the tensile properties was the reinforced nanotube/epoxy interaction as a result of the surfactant anchoring effect which was proved by FT-IR. A moderate improvement in the glass transition temperature (T _g) was recorded for the composite fabricated using Triton X-100, which was due to the restricted molecular motions in the epoxy matrix. To characterize the temperature-dependent tensile behavior of the modified epoxy composites, tensile tests were conducted at elevated temperatures. It was revealed that the MWCNT modification using surfactant substantially improves the tensile performance of the epoxy adhesive at temperatures above the T _g of the neat epoxy.     

A comparative study on the properties of the different amino‐functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes reinforced epoxy resin composites

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were amino‐functionalized by 1,2‐ethylenediamine (EDA)' triethylenetetramine (TETA), and dodecylamine (DDA), and investigated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dispersion of the DDA functionalized MWCNT in DMF is better than that of the MWCNT functionalized by the EDA and the TETA. Carbon nanotubes reinforced epoxy resin composites were prepared, and the effect of the amino‐functionalization on the properties of the composites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA), and TGA. The composites reinforced by the MWCNTs demonstrate improvement in various mechanical properties. The increase of T_g of the composites with the addition of amino‐functionalized MWCNT compared to the T_g of the composites with the addition of unfunctionalized MWCNT was due to the chemical combination and the physical entanglements between amino group from modified MWNTs and epoxy group from the epoxy resin. The interfacial bonding between the epoxy and the amino group of the EDA and the TETA‐modified MWCNT is more important than the well dispersion of DDA‐modified MWCNT in the composites for the improvement of the mechanical properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

环氧树脂/碳纳米管复合材料制备及导电性能研究进展

简要介绍了环氧树脂/碳纳米管复合材料的组成以及碳纳米管在环氧树脂中的分散方法;综述了环氧树脂/碳纳米管复合材料的制备方法,包括溶液浇铸法、原位聚合法、化学改性法、混合固化剂辅助叠层法和树脂传递模塑法;总结了国内外对环氧树脂/碳纳米管复合材料导电性能的研究现状,并分析了影响其导电性能的因素,包括碳纳米管的比表面积、表面功能化和制备方法,剪切速率及固化条件等。     

钛酸钾晶须在环氧树脂中的应用研究

采用两种方法制备了钛酸钾晶须(简称"晶须")改性环氧树脂(EP)复合材料。考察了晶须含量、偶联剂种类、制备方法等对复合材料拉伸性能、弯曲性能和冲击性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜观察了纯EP及EP/晶须复合材料断面的形态结构。结果表明,晶须能较好地分散于EP基体中,起到增强增韧的效果。     

CE/EP/CF复合材料的湿热性能研究

采用溶液预浸渍法分别制备了两种碳纤维(CF)增强环氧树脂(EP)改性氰酸酯树脂(CE)(CE/EP/CF)复合材料,研究了该复合材料的吸湿行为及湿热环境对其力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明,CE/EP基体具有比EP更小的吸湿能力;湿热环境对CE/EP/CF复合材料的纵向拉伸强度影响不大,但对其层间剪切强度的影响较为显著。     

Grafting of Amine-Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes with Free Acid Anhydride in Carboxylic Acid Modified Epoxy

The novel approach was developed for grafting of amine-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes with carboxylic acid, modified epoxy resin containing free acid anhydride group, which gives enhanced grafting. The amine-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes was dispersed in benzyl alcohol by sonication at 60°C and incorporated with modified epoxy. The amine functioned Multiwall carbon nanotubes were controlled loading of carboxylic acid, modified epoxy resin-grafted with amine-functionalized multiwalll carbon nanotube polymer composites. These were characterized by FTIR, SEM. TEM and NMR analysis. The improved mechanical properties observed for low amounts of MWCNT loading due to uniform dispersion.     

表面改性处理对氧化铝/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响

对未改性和表面偶联处理的氧化铝颗粒填充环氧树脂复合材料(颗粒体积分数为20%,35%和40%)的力学性能进行对比研究.通过对改性前后复合材料结构的均匀性和抗拉伸性能的分析得出以下结论:添加了偶联处理后的氧化铝颗粒使复合材料的均匀性、断裂强度和弹性模量都有了较大程度的提高.原因在于对颗粒的表面偶联改性处理使颗粒间存在的黏聚吸附力下降,增加了颗粒与树脂基体间的结合力,使氧化铝颗粒能够在树脂基体中达到很好的分散状态.采用扫描电镜分析手段对样晶断口形貌的分析说明材料内部界面问的结合状态以及颗粒在基体中的分布状况.