在含氯化物的碱性溶液中双相不锈钢的耐蚀性及表面膜的研究

在９０℃含Ｃｌ－碱性溶液中所研究钢种的电化学行为表明：００Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ５Ｍｏ３Ｓｉ２（１８－５）双相不锈钢耐一般腐蚀和孔蚀性能较０Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ（１８－ＳＴｉ）奥氏体不锈钢更佳．碱液中的游离ＮＨ３、ＣＯ３２－和ＨＣＯ３－有缓蚀作用，Ｓ２－促使材料活化．ＥＤＡＸ、ＸＰＳ及ＴＥＭ分析结果表明：两种不锈钢的表面膜均为多价的复杂氧化物膜，以ＣｒＯＯＨ、Ｃｒ２Ｏ３为主要成分．１８－５钢表面膜中Ｃｒ富集程度较１８－８Ｔｉ钢高，膜的致密度及稳定性亦高，膜中的ＭｏＯ３能有效提高钢的耐孔蚀性能．     

化学镀Ni—Cr—P合金镀层在NaCli溶液中的耐蚀性

用电化学方法研究了化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ｐ合金镀层在３．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液中的耐蚀性,结果表明Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ｐ镀层与Ｎｉ－Ｐ镀层的阳极极化曲线形状相似,自腐蚀电位正移１５０ｍＶ以上,自腐蚀电流降低近３倍,在钝化区的阳极是约１个数量级,镀层的耐蚀性提高。     

一种化学复合镀层的研制及其耐腐蚀性研究

研究了以纳米材料ＣｅＯ２作为分散微粒的化学复合镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ－ＣｅＯ２,复合镀层制备工艺,研究分析了镀层的表面形貌,对镀层的耐腐蚀性能进行了试验,结果控制温度在８８～９５℃,ＣｅＯ２添加量为５～１５ｇ／Ｌ在适量稳定剂和表面活性剂共存的条件下,采用间歇搅拌方式能够镀覆表面质量良好的Ｎｉ－Ｐ－ＣｅＯ２复合镀层,镀层表面光洁度高,对１０％ＮａＣｌ溶液和１％Ｈ２Ｓ气体腐蚀能力较强。     

XPS法研究高温弱酸性介质中化学镀Ni—Cu—P非晶态合金的腐蚀行为

利用ＸＰＳ法研究了化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｐ非晶态合金在１４０℃、ＰＨ＝５．０、ＣＯ２饮和Ｎａ２ＳＯ４溶液中片于不同电位下的表面膜组成。结果表明,处于不同电位下的Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｐ合金表面膜中皆有富Ｐ和富Ｃｕ现象发生,是膜中Ｎｉ选择性溶解的结果。Ｈ２ＰＯ２＾－和ＨＰＯ３＾２－吸附层的存在是合金发生钝化的原因。     

电镀防护性锌基合金镀层钝化膜的耐蚀性

防护性锌基合金镀层钝化膜的耐蚀性比锌镀层钝化膜提高２－４倍。ＸＰＳ及ＡＥＳ分析表明,合金镀层钝化膜与锌镀层钝化膜均由ＣｒＯ３、Ｃｒ２Ｏ３、Ｚｎ（ＯＨ）２、ＺｎＯ及Ｈ２Ｏ等组成,并且ＣｒＯ３／Ｃｒ２Ｏ３的相对含量和Ｚｎ（ＯＨ）２／ＺｎＯ相对含量也基本相同,它们的区别在于,合金镀层钝化膜中总铬量较高,膜层完整、致密,镀层／钝化膜界面存在铁系金属的富集层,这是锌基合金镀层钝化膜具有高耐蚀性的主要原因。     

化学复合镀制备高活性节能NiCo2O4电极

在贱金属铁基表面化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｐ,然后通过化学复合镀制得Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｐ－Ａ１２Ｏ３底层,复合镀层用ＮａＯＨ溶液浸出,可制得新型Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｐ微孔活性中间导参中间导地涂覆匹配性较好的ＮｉＣｏ２Ｏ４表面活性层,该表面活性层由一定浓度配比的Ｎｉ（ＮＯ３）２和Ｃｏ（ＮＯ３）２通过高温热解而成。 射结果表明表面活性层是由ＮｉＣｏ２Ｏ４组成,不存在ＮｉＯ和Ｃｏ３Ｏ４的独立相。这种新型表面活性层用于碱性水电     

发动机活塞环化学镀Ni—P

研究了发动机活塞环表面化学沉积Ｎｉ－Ｐ非晶镀层及其热处理工艺。结果表明，整个工艺过程控制稳定，化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ活塞环可以取代镀Ｃｒ环。     

Fe—Ni—Cr合金在H2S／H2／CO2混合气氛中的高温腐蚀

研究了铬含量相当，镍含量分别为１８ｗｔ％和３９ｗｔ％的两种Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ合金在Ｈ２Ｓ／Ｈ２／ＣＯ２混合气氛中于６００℃的腐蚀动力学产物层结构。镍含量不同使腐蚀产物结构上有差异；１８ｗｔ％Ｎｉ合金的外腐蚀层为ＦｅＳ，其下是ＦｅＣｒ２Ｓ４和Ｃｒ３Ｓ４；而３９ｗｔ％Ｎｉ合金的腐蚀产物外层是疏松多孔，呈黑色粉状的（Ｎｉ，Ｆｅ）Ｓ，其下也是ＦｅＣｒ２Ｓ４与Ｃｒ３Ｓ４；而３９ｗｔ％Ｎｉ合金的腐蚀产物外层是疏     

ZL104合金表面化学镀镍磷合金层的研究

在ＺＬ１０４合金表面上进行Ｎｉ－Ｐ与Ｎｉ－Ｃｕ－Ｐ化学镀,以提高ＺＬ１０４合金材料的耐蚀性与耐磨性。结果表明：化学镀可以显著提高ＺＬ１０４合金表面的硬度,并改善其在５％ＮａＣｌ溶液中的耐蚀性;在２００～５２０℃温度下热处理后,镀层的硬度显著提高,但耐蚀性略有降低,这可能与镀层中的析出物Ｎｉ３Ｐ析出有关。     

化学镀Ni-P合金中无机盐加速剂的影响

研究了在化学镀ＮｉＰ合金镀层时,采用无机盐复合加速剂降低镀液温度、提高沉积速度的方法。结果表明,在普通化学镀ＮｉＰ合金镀液中添加无机盐复合加速剂ＨＮ３（３份（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４与２份Ｋ２ＣＯ３的混合物）３０ｇ／Ｌ,在８０℃下施镀,其沉积速度可达１５μｍ／ｈ,比不含该加速剂时提高４０％左右,镀液寿命可达５个周期以上,镀层外观光亮,结晶细致。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.