辛癸酸单甘油酯改性水性聚氨酯的研究

本试验以聚醚210（N210）,1PDI（异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯）为基本单体,用含长脂肪链的辛癸酸单甘油酯（C8-10MG）改性,合成了一系列以长脂肪侧链为疏水链段的水性聚氨酯分子。研究了C8-10MG用量对乳液外观、表面张力以及胶膜耐水性、机械性能、热稳定性的影响。结果表明引入脂肪链可以提高水性聚氨酯的表面活性,降低乳液表面张力、提高胶膜的耐水性和热稳定性。     

低表面能水性聚氨酯的研究

以聚醚210(N210),IPDI(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯)为基本单体,用硬脂酸单甘油酯封端,合成了一种表面能达33mN/m的低表面能水性聚氨酯树脂,并研究了硬脂酸单甘油酯用量、n(-NCO)/n(-OH)对树脂表面能的影响。     

POSS化学改性聚氨酯的研究进展

多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)独特的笼型结构可以在分子层面上影响聚氨酯材料体系的软硬链段微相分离程度、链段结晶化和氢键作用。将POSS通过化学方法引入聚不同的氨酯体系中可以提高该类材料的热稳定性、机械性能和耐水性等。从不同的聚氨酯体系出发,介绍了POSS化学改性非水性聚氨酯、水性聚氨酯(WPU)和水性超支化聚氨酯,分析总结了POSS引入到不同体系聚氨酯中对其热稳定性、机械性能和耐水性的影响,以及POSS对其复合材料性能的影响机理。     

硅烷改性水性聚氨酯分散液的合成与性能研究

以二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为亲水单体,甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚醚二元醇(N210)为原料,丁二醇为扩链剂,三乙胺(TEA)为中和剂合成水性聚氨酯.采用有机硅烷对水性聚氨酯进行改性,研究了有机硅烷、亲水单体的用量对改性水性聚氨酯外观稳定性及涂膜性能的影响.结果表明:适量的有机硅烷的引入可以有效改善水性聚氨酯的耐水性、附着力以及硬度.当硅烷加入量为0.6%,改性水性聚氨酯的吸水率为5.5%,为未改性水性聚氨酯膜吸水率的1/6.     

无纺布增强用水性聚氨酯乳液的制备

以聚氧化丙烯二醇(N-210)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为原料,采用内乳化法合成了无纺布增强用水性聚氨酯乳液。研究了R值(nNCO:nOH)、DMPA用量、不同二醇扩链剂和乳液扩链剂间苯二胺的用量对水性聚氨酯乳液外观、粘度和稳定性以及对乳胶膜的强度、硬度和耐水性的影响。结果表明:R值=3.7、nDMPA:nN-210=0.7、采用新戊二醇和间苯二胺扩链,合成的水性聚氨酯乳液储存稳定、耐水性好,用于无纺布增强,制造树脂抛光轮。     

Mo尾矿表面处理时间对水性聚氨酯性能的影响

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚己内酯二醇(PCL1000)等为主要原料,二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)为亲水扩链剂制备水性聚氨酯,采用吐温80对Mo尾矿进行表面预处理后,再用其对水性聚氨酯膜材料进行改性。探讨Mo尾矿表面处理时间对水性聚氨酯膜的结晶性、耐水性、热稳定性和透光率等性能的影响。结果表明,随着Mo尾矿表面处理时间的增加,Mo尾矿与水性聚氨酯高分子复合体系的相容性得以改善,热稳定性和耐水性均有所提高,但透光率下降。     

硬段阻燃改性水性聚氨酯的研究

以聚醚210(N-210)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为基本单体,以FRC-5作为扩链剂,用硬段改性的方式将阻燃元素N、P引入到水性聚氨酯中,合成了一系列不同程度改性的阻燃水性聚氨酯。研究了FRC-5的用量对水性聚氨酯阻燃性能、热性能的影响。结果表明,用FRC-5进行扩链可以提高水性聚氨酯的阻燃性和热稳定性。     

酮亚胺对水性聚氨酯性能的改进

用丙酮分别和乙二胺、己二胺反应制备酮亚胺,并以其作为潜伏性扩链剂改善水性聚氨酯(PU)的性能。研究了酮亚胺以不同方式、加量对水性PU漆膜的厚度、硬度、耐水性、耐酸性、热稳定性和机械性能的影响。结果表明,采用丙酮缩乙二胺扩链的水性PU乳液的漆膜的耐水性优于用丙酮缩己二胺和用水扩链的PU乳液的漆膜,且加入过量的酮亚胺扩链效果较好,但其热稳定性并没有得到明显提高。     

不同软链段对水性聚氨酯性能的影响

以低聚物多元醇、IPDI(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯)、亲水扩链剂DMPA(2,2-二羟甲基丙酸)和成盐剂三乙胺为主要原料,合成一组软段成分不同的水性聚氨酯乳液。通过测定水性聚氨酯乳液的固含、黏度、结构,以及水性聚氨酯胶膜的耐水性、力学性能、T型剥离强度等,对比了不同类型软段对乳液及胶膜性能的影响。研究结果表明:由含6个碳的聚酯多元醇为软段合成的水性聚氨酯的黏度、耐水性、机械强度、T型剥离强度等数据较好。     

含PDMS侧链的水性聚氨酯的制备及性能研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚酯二元醇(PCL)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、三乙胺(TEA)、乙二胺(EDA)、氨乙基氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷(AEAPPDMS)等为原料,采用二次自乳化法,合成系列含PDMS侧链的改性水性聚氨酯(SiPU)。探讨了AEAPPDMS含量对乳液粒径、黏度与涂膜耐水性、机械强度的影响。结果表明:改性后的水性聚氨酯综合性能良好,水性聚氨酯的主链上引入PDMS侧链导致涂膜的吸水率显著下降。     

Preparation and properties of water‐borne polyurethane with branched straight aliphatic chains

Water‐borne polyurethane with branched straight aliphatic chains (CWPU) was prepared and characterized by FTIR and TEM. The relationship between structure and water‐resistance of CWPU was studied. The results showed that the particle size of CWPU emulsion increases and the round particle turns into the spindle‐shaped particle with increasing of content of branched straight aliphatic chains. However, the particle size of CWPU emulsion is not sensitive to the increases of length of branched straight aliphatic chains. The water‐resistance and hydrophobic property of CWPU film increase with the increase of content and length of branched straight aliphatic chains. It is attributed to the hydrophobic layer of aliphatic chains enriched on the surface of CWPU film. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

镁铝水滑石的制备及其表面改性

采用共沉淀法制备了Mg∶Al的摩尔比为2∶1的镁铝水滑石,用非离子表面活性剂单硬脂酸甘油酯对其进行表面改性,研究了改性剂的用量、改性时间、改性温度对活化指数的影响。结果表明,最佳改性工艺条件为:改性剂用量为4%,改性时间为40 min,改性温度为60℃。单硬脂酸甘油酯对镁铝水滑石的表面处理属于氢键吸附,表面处理效果理想,镁铝水滑石的晶体结构并未因改性受到影响。     

新型水性铝粉涂料的应用研究

研究了新型水性铝粉涂料的应用性能。将低成本的石油树脂和改性长油度醇酸树脂拼用,并用脂肪族聚氧乙烯醚类乳化剂对拼用后的树脂进行充分乳化,提高了涂料的施工性和贮存稳定性。选用经硅烷偶联剂/Al2O3改性的铝粉颜料,使铝粉的分散性、防腐性和装饰性进一步提高。采用去离子水代替部分有机溶剂,降低涂料的VOC(挥发性有机化合物)含量。     

氧化锑/水滑石复合微粉的表面改性研究

采用共沉淀法制备氧化锑/水滑石复合阻燃微粉,用单硬脂酸甘油酯对其进行表面改性,研究了改性剂的用量、改性时间、改性温度对活化指数的影响。结果表明,最佳改性工艺条件为：改性剂用量4%,改性时间40min,改性温度60℃。单硬脂酸甘油酯对阻燃微粉的表面处理属于氢键吸附,表面处理效果理想,氧化锑/水滑石复合阻燃微粉的晶体结构并未因改性受到影响。     

含纳米ATO聚氨酯弹性抗静电涂料

以脂肪族聚氨酯弹性树脂为基体，透明纳米ATO导电粉为导电介质，添加超分散剂，采用物理与化学相结合的分散方法对纳米ATO进行预处理。主要解决纳米粒子的分散与团聚的难题，制备出可常温固化、颜色可调的含纳米ATO聚氨酯弹性抗静电涂料。讨论了基体树脂、纳米ATO含量、超分散剂种类与加量、研磨时间以及助剂等因素对抗静电涂料的表面电阻、耐候性、弹性、强度以及稳定性等性能的影响。同时对涂料的性能进行了测试与表征。     

The effect of n-alkanes on the force of air bubble detachment from a quartz surface in water

Measurements of the force of air bubble detachment from a quartz surface wetted with aliphatic hydrocarbons in water were carried out. Hydrocarbons in the homologous series from hexane to hexadecane were used. From the measurements, it was found that the contact of an air bubble with the quartz surface is strengthened under the influence of hydrocarbons This strengthening depends on the nature and amount of the hydrocarbon on the quartz surface. It was also found that differences exist between even and odd hydrocarbons in their influence on the stability of the system quartz—air bubble—water.     

合成革用有机硅改性脂肪族聚氨酯树脂的合成及应用

采用聚酯多元醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚醚改性聚硅氧烷(PO-PDMS)等为主要原料合成了有机硅改性脂肪族聚氨酯树脂.考察了不同有机硅含量对聚合物状态、力学性能、耐水性和耐黄变性能的影响,以及有机硅改性脂肪族聚氨酯树脂在合成革上的应用性能.结果表明,相对于物理共混,将PO-PDMS与聚氨酯共聚可有效提高有机硅...     

Practical two-step chain extension method to prepare sulfonated waterborne polyurethanes based on aliphatic diamine sulphonate

We reported a novel synthesis route to fabricate sulfonated aliphatic waterborne polyurethane dispersions (SWPU) only based on 2-[(2-aminoethyl) amino] ethane sulphonate sodium (AAS-Na) by two-step chain extension method with the assistance of acetone and water cosolvent. When AAS-Na was added, only less than 50% of AAS-Na was incorporated into polyurethane chain in the first-step chain extension and the residual AAS-Na formed molecular aggregates which were insoluble in acetone due to the high polarity of AAS-Na. Subsequently, the mixture of acetone and water was added, the residual AAS-Na aggregates dissolved, undertaking the further second-step chain extension reaction, and the ultimate reaction conversion of AAS-Na rose to more than 90%. The mechanism for acetone and water cosolvent to affect the preparation of SWPU dispersions was studied, as well as the water resistance, mechanical properties and hydrolysis resistance of as-prepared SWPU dispersions. With the decrease of AAS-Na content from 2.0% to 1.2%, the peak area of the melting peaks for SWPU films increased, as well as the water resistance. And the as-prepared polyester SWPU exhibited good hydrolytic stability.     

高纯度单硬脂酸甘油酯的合成

甘油与丙酮反应制得异丙叉甘油,再与硬脂酸反应合成了单硬脂酸甘油酯。探讨了反应条件及催化剂对产物选择性和收率的影响。结果表明,以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,在摩尔比甘油∶丙酮∶硬脂酸=1∶2∶0 8的条件下,缩合反应5 5h,酯化反应6 0h,可以制得含量为94 4%的单硬脂酸甘油酯。     

Effect of Fiber Esterification on Fundamental Properties of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Biocomposites

A new class of biocomposites based on oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), which is a biodegradable aliphatic aromatic co-polyester, were prepared using melt blending technique. The composites were prepared at various fiber contents of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt% and characterized. Chemical treatment of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber was successfully done by grafting succinic anhydride (SAH) onto the EFB fiber surface, and the modified fibers were obtained in two levels of grafting (low and high weight percentage gain, WPG) after 5 and 6 h of grafting. The FTIR characterization showed evidence of successful fiber esterification. The results showed that 40 wt% of fiber loading improved the tensile properties of the biocomposite. The effects of EFB fiber chemical treatments and various organic initiators content on mechanical and thermal properties and water absorption of PBAT/EFB 60/40 wt% biocomposites were also examined. The SAH-g-EFB fiber at low WPG in presence of 1 wt% of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) initiator was found to significantly enhance the tensile and flexural properties as well as water resistance of biocomposite (up to 24%) compared with those of untreated fiber reinforced composites. The thermal behavior of the composites was evaluated from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/differential thermogravimetric (DTG) thermograms. It was observed that, the chemical treatment has marginally improved the biocomposites' thermal stability in presence of 1 wt% of dicumyl peroxide at the low WPG level of grafting. The improved fiber-matrix surface enhancement in the chemically treated biocomposite was confirmed by SEM analysis of the tensile fractured specimens.