钢铁工业能耗现状和节能潜力分析

目前,中国钢铁工业总能耗占全国总能耗的16.3%,钢铁工业总产值占全国GDP的3.2%.说明钢铁工业足能耗大户,对国民经济贡献率不足太高.这也要求钢铁工业必须加大技术升级和结构优化,转变增长方式,努力提升钢铁工业效能,促进中国钢铁工业向强同转变.钢铁工业节能减排是提升钢铁工业效能的重点,"节能减排"已成为我国的国策.钢铁企业要从"国家要我节能",转变为"我要节能",完成钢铁企业应当承担的社会责任和义务.我们要科学分析钢铁工业用能结构和节能潜力,提出节能工作要点和具体节能措施,促进钢铁工业节能减排健康发展.     

地热能

地热能是来自地球深处的可再生热能.它起源于地球的熔融岩浆和放射性物质的衰变.地下水的深处循环和来自极深处的岩浆侵入到地壳后,把热量从地下深处带至近表层.在有些地方,热能随自然涌出的热蒸汽和水而到达地面,自史前起它们就已被用于洗浴和蒸煮.通过钻井,这些热能可以从地下的储层引入水池.房间、温室和发电站.     

海洋能

海洋能指依附在海水中的可再生能源，海洋通过各种物理过程接收、储存和散发能量。这些能量以潮汐、波浪、温度差、盐度梯度、海流等形式存在于海洋之中。潮汐与潮流能来源于月球、太阳引力，其他海洋能均来源于太阳辐射，海洋面积占地球总面积的71％，太阳到达地球的能量，大部分落在海洋上空和海水中，部分转化为各种形式的海洋能。海水温差能是热能，低纬度的海面水温较高，与深层冷水存在温度差，而储存着温差热能，其能量与温差的大小和水量成正比；潮汐、潮流，海流、波浪能都是机械能，潮汐能是地球旋转所产生的能量通过太阳和月亮的引力作用而传递给海洋的，并由长周期波储存的能量，潮汐的能量与潮差大小和潮量成正比；     

生物质能

生物质能 1概念 生物质能是蕴藏在生物质中的能量，是绿色植物通过叶绿素将太阳能转化为化学能而贮存在生物质内部的能量。煤、石油和天然气等化石能源也是由生物质能转变而来的。     

Self-reported energy intake and energy expenditure in elderly women

HLA-DRB1, -DQB1 and -DPB1 allele frequencies were investigated in a sample of the Slovak population by PCR-SSP and PCR-RFLP methods. The most frequent DRB1 alleles were DRB1*1101-5 (0.2038), DRB1*0701-2 (0.1423), and DRB1*1501-2 (0.1231). The most rare alleles found were DRB1*0901 (0.0038), and DRB1*1201 (0.015). The most common DQB1 alleles were DQB1*0301 (0.2448), DQB1*0201 (0.2098), and DQB1*0501 (0.1119), respectively. The alleles with the least occurrence rate were DQB1*0601 (0.0035) and DQB1*0401 (0.007). The most common DPB1 alleles found were DPB1*0401 (0.4329), DPB1*0402 (0.2089), and DPB1*0201 (0.1438), respectively. The least frequent alleles were DPB1*0601, *1101, and *1501 (0.0034). Allele frequencies found in our study were compared to those in Czech, Austrian, and German populations. No statistically significant differences were observed.     

浅议能源管理体系在冶金行业的节能效用

节能减排是当代发展中的一个重要课题,它困扰着世界许多国家、地区和企业,特别是对于我们这个充满了高能耗低产出的初级生产企业的国家而言,更是一个极其困扰和亟待解决的问题。本文从节能减排对我国冶金行业发展的重要意义分析入手,引出了能源管理体系的概念,进过具体分析,归纳总结了能源管理体系对于我国,台金行业的节能效用以及其他方面的作用。     

高炉炼铁能耗与节能分析

1．我国钢铁工业能耗现状据统计,2005年我国生产原煤21．9亿吨(居世界第一),消费21．4亿吨原煤;生产原油1．81亿吨(居世界第六),消费原油3．0亿吨;生产天然气500亿m~3(居世界第十四),消费500亿m~3;全年发电24747亿千瓦时(居世界第二)。2005年我国能源消费结构是:煤炭为68．7％,油气为24％,水电 核电为7．3％。2004年我国钢铁工业能源消耗占全国能源总消费量的15．18％,其能源消费结构是:煤炭69．9％,石油类3．2％,天然气0．5％,电力26．4％。     

Materials and energy

Society makes some of its greatest demands on the science and technology of materials through its huge and growing requirements for energy. With reserves of oil and natural gas beginning to look quite inadequate to meet world needs beyond the next ten years or so; with concern for the environment becoming an increasingly important factor in industrial and social policy-making; and with most countries now pinning their faith on nuclear power to solve their future energy problems; with all these the energy industry is faced with vast and challenging problems, the solution of many of which can come only through the development of new or improved materials. The conditions under which materials are expected to operate in power plant are becoming increasingly severe, as temperatures, stresses, chemical and—in nuclear reactors—radiation attacks are raised to higher levels of intensity, in the struggle for greater outputs and higher efficiencies. Difficulties with materials have blocked the development for large-scale usage of several new types of power plant, although advances in superconducting materials have opened new possibilities in other directions. There is a great and growing need for better materials for catalysts; a major breakthrough here could bring big social benefits.     

Automated activation energy

A method and equipment used for automated determination of activation energies on a single sample are described. Essentially identical results are obtained in both automated and manual methods. The automated method is particularly valuable for minimizing the amounts of enzyme, substrate, and time required. Further, errors in repetitive pipetting and calculation are eliminated.     

Efficient energy use

Uzbek Metallurgical Plant and the Initiator LTD Company. Translated from Metallurg, No. 2, p. 15, February, 1994.     

采用节电滤波器实现电动机节能

本文拟就电网存在的各种谐波对电网及电气设备带来的危害进行分析,并对电动机采用高效节电滤波器抑制谐波、瞬流,实现了节能降耗的目的,取得了明显的经济效益,是一个值得推广的节电项目。     

酒店建筑用能特性及节能措施分析

为探讨酒店建筑的用能特性,首先在对三峡库区城市14家典型三星级以上酒店年用电量及空调系统运行调研的基础上,分析了三峡库区城市酒店类建筑的能耗特点;其次,在已有的调研数据的基础上,分析了节能技术在三峡库区城市公共建筑空调系统中的应用状况;最后,提出了降低酒店建筑能耗可行的节能措施,通过实测分析了变水量系统的节能潜力.     

我国的能源形势与能源安全问题——曾培炎副总理在十届全国人大常委会第十九次会议上报告(摘登)

国务院副总理曾培炎十届全国人大常委会第十九次会议报告了我国当前能源形势与能源安全问题，肯定了能源发展成绩，分析了当前能源安全面临的形势，提出了维护和保障能源安全的措施。