300MW CFB锅炉协同脱汞工艺研究及试验

对某300 MW循环流化床锅炉不同工况下燃煤及燃烧产物中汞含量进行测试分析,结果表明:飞灰中汞含量与飞灰含碳量以及其比表面积呈正相关性,燃烧产物中汞含量随着锅炉负荷的升高而增加。分析了CFB锅炉在脱汞方面的优势,为进一步降低烟气中汞含量,达到汞的超低排放,在充分利用现有装置的基础上,设计出一套协同脱汞工艺,该工艺选择炉前添加氧化剂使更多的Hg0转化为Hg2+,烟道尾部空预器后面安装增湿活化装置,使飞灰中更多的Hg2+转化为Hg(p),从而被布袋除尘器捕集,分析了工艺的可行性。     

两相流动对流化床燃烧行为的影响

循环床锅炉沿床高的烟气浓度及燃烧份额分布测试结果证明,鼓泡流化床和循环流化床的重要差异表现为密相区燃烧行为的根本不同,由于床料平均粒径较低,循环床密相区的流动不同于鼓泡床,导致气固两相之间的传质阻力增加,从而影响燃烧反应,密相区的燃烧行为表现为欠氧。循环床锅炉沿床高乃至分离器都有燃烧反应发生,建立了考虑气固相间传质阻力的流化床密相区燃烧模型,并与实际循环流化床锅炉的测试数据比较,计算结果与测试值比较吻合。     

300MWCFB锅炉配套半干法烟气脱硫的汞排放试验研究

某300 MW循环流化床(CFB)锅炉采用炉内脱硫、SNCR、预电除尘器和烟气循环流化床半干法脱硫装置实现了超低排放。对不同工况下不同位置的烟气汞浓度和灰渣等固体副产物中的汞含量进行测试分析,研究结果表明:燃煤在循环流化床锅炉燃烧产生的汞主要以气态汞和颗粒汞形式存在;锅炉负荷提高,烟气中气态汞和颗粒汞浓度均有所提高,炉内脱硫对原始汞排放特性几乎没有影响;烟气循环流化床半干法脱硫装置可脱除71%～77%的气态汞和86%～88%的颗粒汞;采用预电除尘器与烟气循环流化床半干法脱硫结合的超低排放路线,总汞脱除率可达到82%～87%,使烟囱排放的汞浓度不高于1.5μg/m~3。副产物分析结果表明,烟气中脱除的汞主要富集于粉煤灰和半干法脱硫灰中。     

中心提升管内循环流化床颗粒循环流率预测研究

中心提升管内循环流化床生物质气化装置的关键是合理控制物料循环量.自行设计并搭建了中心提升管内循环流化床冷态试验台,在小型试验台上就运行参数对颗粒循环流率的影响进行了试验.试验结果表明:颗粒循环流率随着提升管风速或鼓泡床风速的增加而增加,并且当提升管风速或鼓泡床风速分别增加到一定程度时,颗粒循环流率增加趋于缓慢.在试验基...     

油页岩半焦在流化床内的燃烧特性研究

为了实现油页岩半焦的鼓泡流化床燃烧,构建炉膛尺寸150 mm×150 mm×2 500 mm的流化床试验台,研究了油页岩半焦的燃烧特性和烟气中污染物的排放特性。研究表明:低热值半焦可以在鼓泡流化床中稳定燃烧;随密相区温度的升高,烟气含氧量及燃料停留时间降低,SO_2与NO_x排放浓度增大;床层高度比(指床层高度与炉膛本体高度比)为0.16时,烟气含氧量及燃料停留时间有最大值;密相区温度升至900℃时,飞灰与底渣的含碳量达到稳定值,且飞灰浓度最低;鼓泡流化床燃烧的典型工况:流化风温取400℃,床层高度比取0.16,炉内密相区温度取900℃。     

循环流化床锅炉原理及其设计和运行中的若干问题

该文从原理上阐明有无大量的细物料在燃烧室、高（中）温分离器及回料阀间循环乃是循环流化床（ＣＦＢ）与鼓泡床锅炉（ＦＢＣ）及高温飞灰回烧鼓泡床锅炉的根本区别。分析了影响循环物料量的各种因素，指出了我国一些运行的循环流化床锅炉出力不足，密相区燃烧温度偏高及燃烧效率偏低的原因。     

循环流化床锅炉热力计算方法探讨

循环流化床锅炉与鼓泡流化床相比 ,有许多新的特点 ,床内的燃烧和受热面的传热过程很复杂。由循环倍率决定的颗粒浓度是循环流化床锅炉的一个重要参数 ,它对传热强度、燃烧与燃尽、过热器的汽温、负荷的调节范围以及分离器的设计等都产生重要影响。以 65t/h油页岩流化床锅炉的热力计算为例 ,从循环倍率入手 ,着重讨论了循环倍率以及由它决定的飞灰浓度对床内燃烧传热及过热器传热的影响     

循环流化床燃煤过程汞控制性能的实验研究

在热态循环流化床实验台上进行了不同工况燃煤过程汞控制特性的研究,得出如下结论:循环流化床燃煤过程对燃煤中汞的排放具有一定的控制作用;多煤种混烧在汞的控制方面优于单煤种燃烧;煤中掺入石灰石可以有效地减少汞向大气的排放;燃烧的煤种不同,汞的排放特性也不相同.     

中心提升管内循环流化床颗粒循环流率实验研究

自行设计并搭建中心提升管内循环流化床冷态试验台,试验研究提升管风速、鼓泡床风速、鼓泡床静床高、床料平均粒径对颗粒循环流率的影响。试验结果表明:对于给定的床料,颗粒循环流率随两床风速的增加而增加,并且当提升管风速或鼓泡床风速分别增加到一定程度时,颗粒循环流率增加趋缓;固定两床风速,颗粒循环流率随鼓泡床静床高的增大而增加,随物料平均粒径的增大而减小。通过实验数据回归,得到颗粒循环流率计算关联式,计算值相对误差在±18%以内,可以很好地预测颗粒循环流率。     

循环流化床锅炉飞灰中碳的形成机理

通过对循环流化床(CFB)锅炉飞灰含碳量分布及飞灰残碳形态的测量、CFB燃烧温度下焦炭失活过程的试验研究以及流化床条件下煤颗粒燃烧过程的分析.探讨了循环流化床锅炉飞灰中碳的形成机理.结果表明:实际运行的CFB锅炉飞灰中含碳量具有明显的不均匀性,残碳集中于25～50 μm的飞灰颗粒内;真实密度和XRD测量均表明,焦炭失活的2个条件是温度和时间,温度高于800℃,焦炭失活开始发生,并且随着时间的增加,失活程度提高;焦炭颗粒长时间停留在主循环回路中,反应活性下降,由于颗粒的碎裂和磨耗,形成了飞灰中粒径较小的残碳;煤中的细小煤粒首次通过炉膛时未燃尽且未被分离器收集,形成了飞友中较大颗粒的残碳.     

循环流化床锅炉中NO_x的生成机理与排放控制研究

煤炭的高效洁净燃烧是实现洁净煤发电的一个重要领域,是洁净煤发电技术的核心。而循环流化床燃烧技术是一种新型的煤燃烧与发电技术,不仅可以大幅度减少NOx排放,易于脱除SO2的技术优势,而且具有煤种适应面广、高燃烧效率以及炉内脱硫脱氮的特点而得到推广。分析了循环流化床锅炉NOx的危害、生成机理及影响因素,在此基础上探讨了其控制措施,并提出未来烟气净化的方向。     

大型循环流化床锅炉NO_x排放的研究

近年来循环流化床锅炉技术得到了迅速发展.基于由国内某锅炉厂生产并投运的大型循环流化床锅炉的实际运行及试验数据,对锅炉的NOx排放特性进行了分析和研究.分析了锅炉的NOx排放量与锅炉负荷,空预器进口氧量,上、下二次风配风量及配风方式,燃料特性及脱硫剂之间的关系.研究表明:锅炉运行过程中应合理调整燃烧工况,以优化运行,减少污染物排放.研究为电厂循环流化床锅炉的优化和调整运行参数提供借鉴和参考,从而实现锅炉NOx排放的环保达标.     

循环流化床锅炉优点分析

循环流化床锅炉因具有燃料适应性广、负荷调节性强以及环保性能优良而日益得到人们的重视,并且是传统技术所无法实现的,正是由于这些技术优点,使循环流化床锅炉得以快速发展和广泛应用.     

Numerical simulation of fuel reactor for a methane-fueled chemical looping combustion using bubbling fluidized bed with internal particle circulation

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is recognized as a promising technique to efficiently and economically capture emitted carbon dioxide in common combustion processes. In this study, the bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) fuel reactor performance of the CLC system was examined through numerical simulation. The reduction reaction performance obtained from conventional BFB fuel reactor and BFB fuel reactor incorporated with internal particle circulation denoted as internal circulation bubbling fluidized bed reactor (ICBFB), were compared under the same fuel flow rate and operating conditions. By using CH₄ as fuel and ilmenite as the oxygen carrier, it was found the reduction reaction can be enhanced by using the ICBFB fuel reactor due to particle circulation. The particle circulation increased the mixing and contact time between fuel and oxygen carrier that produced reduction reaction enhancement. Moreover, the simulation results indicated that higher reduction reaction performance can be achieved by higher reduction reaction temperature and initial oxygen carrier volume fraction.     

生物质燃料循环流化床锅炉的模型化设计

生物质燃料在循环流化床（CFB）中的燃烧正在得到进一步的应用和开发。在燃煤CFB锅炉模型化设计的基础上，针对生物质燃料的特点和现有的CFB研究成果，进行了生物质燃料CFB锅炉的建模、程序设计和锅炉设计，同时对一些新的模型内容进行了介绍。模型的计算结果同已报道的试验结果较为吻合。     

Study on the limestone sulfation behavior under oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed combustion condition

In order to investigate the behavior of limestone sulfation under oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion condition, experiments were conducted in a 50 kW oxy-fuel CFB system under the O₂/CO₂ and air combustion conditions. A small cage, containing limestone particles, was dipped into the dense zone of the CFB combustor during the experiments. The calcination of limestone, pore structure of the product layer, and calcium conversion were studied. It was found that the increasing of temperature would promote the calcination of limestone and the high concentration of CO₂ would inhibit calcination of limestone. The formation process of the product layer was completely different between the direct and indirect sulfation, while it was almost the same during the indirect sulfation under the oxy-fuel and air combustion. However, both the temperature and gas compositions played important roles in determining the pore structures of the product layer during the limestone indirect sulfation process. Under the O₂/CO₂ combustion condition, the calcium conversion of indirect sulfation was always higher than that of direct sulfation. The highest final calcium conversion after 60 min was found at 900 °C under the O₂/CO₂ combustion condition.     

Characterization of particulate matter in the hot product gas from atmospheric fluidized bed biomass gasifiers

This study compares the characteristics of particulate matter (PM) in the hot product gas from three different atmospheric fluidized bed biomass gasifiers: a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) gasifier, a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) gasifier, and an indirect BFB gasifier (the latter integrated with a CFB boiler). All gasifiers displayed a bimodal particle mass size distribution with a fine mode in the <0.5 μm size range and a coarse mode in the >0.5 μm size range. Compared with the mass concentration of the coarse mode the mass concentration of the fine mode was low in all gasifiers. For both the BFB and CFB gasifiers the fine-mode PM had a similar inorganic composition, indicating an origin from the ash and the magnesite bed material used in both gasifiers. In the indirect BFB gasifier the fine-mode PM was instead dominated by potassium and chlorine, and the tar fraction properties evoked tar condensation in the sampling system that affected mainly the fine-mode PM. The coarse-mode PM in the BFB gasifier was dominated by char fragments abraded from the pyrolyzed wood pellets. In the CFB gasifier the coarse-mode PM was mainly ash and magnesite bed material that passed through the process cyclone. In the indirect BFB gasifier the coarse-mode PM was mainly ash, probably originating both from the BFB gasifier and the CFB boiler.     

A review of oxy‐fuel combustion in fluidized bed reactors

Presently, there is no detailed review that summarizes the current knowledge status on oxy‐fuel combustion in fluidized bed combustors. This paper reviewed the existing literature in heat transfer, char combustion and pollutant emissions oxy‐fuel combustion in fluidized beds, as well as modelling of oxy‐fuel in FB boiler and gaps were identified for further research direction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development of a supercritical and an ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler

The supercritical circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, which combines the advantages of CFB combustion with low cost emission control and supercritical steam cycle with high efficiency of coal energy, is believed to be the future of CFB combustion technology. It is also of greatest importance for low rank coal utilization in China. Different from the supercritical pulverized coal boiler that has been developed more than 50 years, the supercritical CFB boiler is still a new one which requires further investigation. Without any precedentor engineering reference, Chinese researchers have conducted fundamental research, development, design of the supercritical CFB boilers independently. The design theory and key technology for supercritical CFB boiler were proposed. Key components and novel structures were invented. The first 600 MWe supercritical CFB boiler and its auxiliaries were successfully developed and demonstrated in Baima Power Plant, Shenhua Group as well as the simulator, control technology, installation technology, commissioning technology, system integration and operation technology. Compared with the 460 MWe supercritical CFB in Poland, developed in the same period and the only other supercritical one of commercial running in the word beside Baima, the 600 MWe one in Baima has a better performance. Besides, supercritical CFB boilers of 350 MWe have been developed and widely commercialized in China. In this paper, the updated progress of 660 MWe ultra-supercritical CFB boilers under development is introduced.     

A cold model experimental study on the flow characteristics of bed material in a fluidized bed bottom ash cooler in a CFB boiler

IntroductionA fluidized bed bottom ash cooler is often used totreat high temperature bottom ash to reclaim heat andfine particles from the ash, and to have the ash easilytransported. Among the large CFB boilers in operation inthe world, there are many ash coolers that often workabnormally['-','].There are six fluidized bed bottom ash coolers in theimported 410im CFB boiler that was built and operatedin Gaoba power plant, Sichuan province, China in 1996N].High temperature slag-bond and jam …