虹彩型云母钛珠光颜料的制备与表征

本文研究了虹彩型云母钛珠我颜料的制备方法。通过电子能谱，光谱反射率，色度值，涂覆率及比表面积等的测试，表征了颜料的组成及颜色，归纳出涂层的光学厚度与虹彩效应，光学性能的关系及周期性递变规律的机理。     

浮法玻璃虹彩的检验及消除

分析了浮法玻璃虹彩产生的机理,对比了国内几个厂家玻璃虹彩的状况。介绍了ＨＣＪＹ９７－３型浮法玻璃虹彩检验装置及其原理和检验方法,提出了消除虹彩缺陷的具体措施。     

金红石型钛镍黄/硅气凝胶复合色料的制备及其隔热性能

采用固相法合成了高近红外(NIR)反射金红石型钛镍黄色料，并以SiO₂气凝胶为基体，制备一种网络状NIR反射金红石型钛镍黄/硅气凝胶复合色料，测定了其结构特征和呈色性能，并分析其NIR反射效应和隔热性能。结果表明，添加1%(质量分数)助烧剂NaF所固相合成的金红石型钛镍黄色料呈色性能(b*=54.24)和NIR反射性能优异；所制备的网络状金红石型钛镍黄/硅气凝胶复合色料具有良好呈色性能、低透过率、高NIR反射率(96.60%)和低导热系数[0.068 54 W/(m·K)]，表明其具有优异的隔热性能。此外，还探讨了该复合色料的制备机制和隔热机理。     

A-TiO2材料的低温制备及表征

TiO2晶体存在三种型态:锐钛矿型(anatase)、板钛矿型(brookite)和金红石型(rutile)),但只有锐钛矿型的TiO2(A-TiO2)具有较好的光催化活性.因此制备A-TiO2技术困难,因为它不稳定容易转化为最稳定的金红石型.本工作在低温下(90℃)以硫酸钛的水溶液加尿素配位剂(尿素/Ti3+摩尔比1/1 0)用水热法在玻璃基板上制备了TiO2光催化晶体材料,SEM和×RD技术表征结果说明,生成的TiO2为型晶体为锐钛矿型,并讨论了晶体材料的生成机理.     

虹彩型TiO_2/云母珠光颜料的颜色表征与机理探讨

本文研究了虹彩型TiO2／云母珠光颜料的制备方法。表征了颜料的颜色，归纳出TiO2包膜的光学厚度的近似计算方法，光学厚度与虹彩效应的关系及周期性递变规律的机理。     

MnO—PbO—ZnO系统釉料析晶虹彩和晶体形貌的研究

本文对添加NH_4VO_3的MnO-PbO-ZnO系统基础釉组成中siO_2/Al_2O_3=9.6,PbO/ZnO=2.8的一系列生料虹彩釉所出现的虹彩现象进行了研究,探讨了不同添加剂用量,不同温度下的析晶以及晶体形貌和虹彩现象的关系,研究表明:作为主晶相析出的黑锰矿型结晶具有倒三角锥凹型状态,晶体在(101)面发达,由于凹型晶体和高折射率玻璃相与光的作用,致使产生了虹彩效应.采用X射线衍射分析,扫描电子显微镜,电子探针等方法进行了测定.     

锰虹彩釉的虹彩现象及析晶间的关系

本文对以0.05KNaO、0.41PbO、0.37MnO、0.17ZnO、0.15Al_2O_3、1.5OSiO_2为基本组成的基础釉以及在此基础釉中单独或同时添加V_2O_5(重量2％)和CoO(重量1％)的釉所出现的虹彩现象进行了研究。将基础釉置于1150—1250℃的条件下加热,然后在室内冷却,析出褐锰矿型结晶。而在添加Co的釉中则析出褐锰矿和黑锰矿型结晶,但都未产生虹彩现象。在添加V的釉中,作为主结晶相而析出的黑锰矿型结晶则显示出鲜艳的虹彩现象。黑锰矿型结晶可     

搪瓷表面虹彩膜的研究

介绍了以FeCl3和SnCl4虹彩剂为主要成分,采用热喷涂的方法,使虹彩剂在热解后形成金属或金属氧化物薄膜.研究了虹彩剂的优化配比、喷涂工艺、喷涂温度、烧成温度等工艺内容,并讨论了虹彩剂组成、喷涂温度、烧成温度对虹彩效果的影响.耐酸、耐碱失重试验表明,该虹彩膜具有很好的化学稳定性.     

镇钛公司3500 t/a造纸钛白粉通过鉴定

镇江钛白粉股份有限公司3 500 t/a硫酸法生产造纸用(金红石型和锐钛型)二氧化钛前不久通过了江苏省石化厅组织的新产品省级鉴定。 镇钛公司为了适应造纸工业的发展,通过引进技术的消化吸收和创新,摸索出生产造纸用二氧化钛的     

钛铝复合氧化物载体的制备及其性能研究

以无机钛源和铝源为原料,采用共沉淀法制备出不同钛含量的钛铝复合氧化物,采用氮气吸附-脱附曲线、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)、氨气程序升温吸脱附(NH3-TPD)、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等方法对其进行表征。结果表明,钛铝复合氧化物具有较大的比表面积和孔容,不同钛含量的钛铝复合氧化物均只有L酸,并且随着钛含量增加酸量逐渐减少、酸强度逐渐降低。二氧化钛中氧化铝的存在,提高了二氧化钛的晶型转变温度,从而提高了二氧化钛的热稳定性。     

Increase of the Surface Mobility of Carbon Molecular Crystals (CMCs) Using the PECVD Technique

Large-area boron doped multi-layer carbon is synthesized by the plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) using boron oxide powder and ethanol vapor. We have reviewed the carbon molecular crystals preparation by the PECVD method. The three main synthesis methods of carbon nanocrystals (CNCs) are the arc discharge, the laser ablation and the chemical vapour deposition with a special regard to the later one. By two different methods, ZnO layers were coated on the tubes. RF sputtering was one of the ways to directly deposit ZnO thin layer on the MWCNCs. On the other hand, we used thermally physical vapour deposition for making thin Zn film to oxidize it later. Scanning electron microscopy and also Raman spectroscopy measurements of the prepared samples confirmed the presence of ZnO nanolayers on the CNC bodies.     

超临界水氧化技术中盐沉积问题的研究进展

超临界水氧化技术在处理高浓度难降解有机废水时具有去除率高、反应速度快、无二次污染等独特的优势,但存在盐沉积引起的反应器堵塞问题。本文针对国内外盐沉积问题研究的技术现状进行系统综述,归纳了盐沉积问题的研究方法,总结了部分盐在超临界水中的溶解度以及沉积和分离特性,阐述了盐沉积理论及从源头控制盐沉积途径,介绍了避免盐沉积引起反应器堵塞的技术方法,并对后续的研究进行了展望。指出盐沉积问题的解决还需进一步研究盐形成和沉积机理,建立不同盐类混合物的相图,研究盐沉积动力学和多组分系统的相行为,考察多组分盐之间的相互作用机制。这些信息有利于研究人员掌握超临界水氧化技术中盐沉积问题的基础知识和发展方向,有助于在实际工程应用中指导反应器结构设计和优化运行条件。     

Electroless versus electrodriven deposition of silver crystals in polyaniline: Role of silver anion complexes

Electrocrystallization of silver is studied at polyaniline-coated electrodes using silver cations and two silver anion complexes (silver thiosulfate and silver–EDTA) as reducing species. Use of the silver thiosulfate complex results in a significant shift of the silver deposition potential window in the negative direction and highly impeded metal crystallization. The silver cation and silver–EDTA plating solutions allow to perform both electrodriven and electroless metal deposition. Number and size of silver crystals obtained by the two deposition methods in the different plating solutions are compared. Electroless precipitation in the silver–EDTA solution results in the highest number (10⁸ cm⁻²) of small-sized crystals. This result is discussed in terms of the special role of the EDTA anions for the redox state of the polyaniline layers. It is demonstrated that factors such as polyaniline redox charge, concentration of reducing ions and dipping time allow effective control over the amount of electroless deposited metal.     

The effect of electrode configuration and substrate material on the mass deposition rate of electrospinning

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) was electrospun using different methods to charge the polymer solution. A positive high voltage relative to the collecting electrode significantly increased the fiber deposition rate. Electron microscopy showed that approximately half of the increase in fiber mass was due to thicker fibers being deposited. The current flowing from the grounded electrode was measured to determine the charge carried on the PVOH jet. This showed that for a positive voltage charging condition there is a much larger current and hence more charge carriers generated in the PVOH solution. As a result, more mass is ejected from the Taylor cone, implying that a positive voltage also produces longer fiber for a given time period. We also tested whether different substrate materials caused any variation when the charging conditions were changed. Statistically significant variation between substrates was only found when the substrate was an insulator and was expected to support a high‐deposition rate. This confirms the view that the PVOH fiber arrives at the collecting electrode carrying a charge that must be neutralized, otherwise a repulsive charge will form where the fiber is deposited and some fiber will be lost to any alternative earth. In electrospraying, charge carriers are generated using associated redox reactions. Thus, for electrospinning a lack of symmetry in these reactions may result in the generation of different quantities of charge carriers in the PVOH solution and changes in the mass deposition rate of electrospun fiber. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Electroless versus electrodriven deposition of silver crystals in polyaniline: Role of silver anion complexes

Electrocrystallization of silver is studied at polyaniline-coated electrodes using silver cations and two silver anion complexes (silver thiosulfate and silver-EDTA) as reducing species. Use of the silver thiosulfate complex results in a significant shift of the silver deposition potential window in the negative direction and highly impeded metal crystallization. The silver cation and silver-EDTA plating solutions allow to perform both electrodriven and electroless metal deposition. Number and size of silver crystals obtained by the two deposition methods in the different plating solutions are compared. Electroless precipitation in the silver-EDTA solution results in the highest number (∼10⁸ cm⁻²) of small-sized crystals. This result is discussed in terms of the special role of the EDTA anions for the redox state of the polyaniline layers. It is demonstrated that factors such as polyaniline redox charge, concentration of reducing ions and dipping time allow effective control over the amount of electroless deposited metal.     

The reduction of graphene oxide

Graphene has attracted great interest for its excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties. It can be produced by micro-mechanical exfoliation of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite, epitaxial growth, chemical vapor deposition, and the reduction of graphene oxide (GO). The first three methods can produce graphene with a relatively perfect structure and excellent properties, while in comparison, GO has two important characteristics: (1) it can be produced using inexpensive graphite as raw material by cost-effective chemical methods with a high yield, and (2) it is highly hydrophilic and can form stable aqueous colloids to facilitate the assembly of macroscopic structures by simple and cheap solution processes, both of which are important to the large-scale uses of graphene. A key topic in the research and applications of GO is the reduction, which partly restores the structure and properties of graphene. Different reduction processes result in different properties of reduced GO (rGO), which in turn affect the final performance of materials or devices composed of rGO. In this contribution, we review the state-of-art status of the reduction of GO on both techniques and mechanisms. The development in this field will speed the applications of graphene.     

Comparison between wet deposition and plasma deposition of silane coatings on aluminium

Silane coatings are applied to metal surfaces for various purposes, e.g., to form a protective layer against corrosion or to act as a primer for subsequent coating. In this work bis-1,2-(triethoxysilyl) ethane (BTSE) was used as a precursor to deposit coatings on Al 99.99% substrates with three different techniques: dipcoating (water based solution), vacuum plasma and atmospheric plasma. Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and field emission gun-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) were used to characterise the structure, composition and surface morphology of the silane coatings. The aim of this investigation is to compare the surface and bulk characteristics of the films prepared with the three different methods, in order to get information on how the BTSE molecule is modified by the deposition technique.     

Plasmonic propagations distances for interferometric surface plasmon resonance biosensing

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) scheme is proposed in which the local phase modulations of the coupled plasmons can interfere and yield phase-sensitive intensity modulations in the measured signal. The result is an increased traceability of the SPR shifts for biosensing applications. The main system limitation is the propagation distance of the coupled plasmon modes. This aspect is therefore studied for thin film microstructures operating in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. The surface roughness of the substrate layer is examined for different dielectrics and deposition methods. The Au layer, on which the plasmonic modes are propagating and the biosensing occurs, is also examined. The surface roughness and dielectric values for various deposition rates of very thin Au films are measured. We also investigate an interferometric SPR setup where, due to the power flux transfer between plasmon modes, the specific choice of grating coupler can either decrease or increase the plasmon propagation length.     

A study of the mobility and trapping of minor hydrogen concentrations in diamond in three dimensions using quantitative ERDA microscopy

Two direct and two indirect nuclear methods are used for the analysis of hydrogen in diamond of different types. Exploiting the power of two-dimensional position sensitive detectors, the distribution of hydrogen in and on diamond in three dimensions has been measured by elastic recoil detection analysis, supplementing the earlier resonant nuclear techniques. Indirect methods of muonium spin rotation and time differential perturbed angular distribution measurements prove to be very informative. In a series of dynamic experiments, hydrogen has been implanted and the diffusion thereof sought as a function of temperature. Unlike the equivalent case for silicon, no migration of the hydrogen in diamond is found up to 1473 K. This striking result is considered in regard to existing theoretical calculations. It is concluded that the implanted hydrogen is self-trapped. Arguments are presented as to the location of hydrogen in natural diamond, in diamond grown at high pressure and high temperature, and in diamond grown by chemical vapour deposition.     

Deposition and characterization of nanocrystalline and amorphous Ni–W coatings with embedded alumina nanoparticles

Nanocrystalline and amorphous Ni–W coatings containing Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were electrodeposited from three different ammoniacal citrate baths by direct current (DC) method. The effects of nanoparticles on compositional, structural and morphological features of Ni–W coatings were investigated. The effects of bath chemical composition and current density on codeposition behavior of nanoparticles were also studied. Guglielmi model for particle deposition was applied to identify the kinetics of particle deposition. The presence of nanoparticles may affect on coating grain size, tungsten content and the rate of metal deposition. In addition, nanoparticles can result in more compact coatings with fewer defects. The extent of these effects depends on bath chemical composition and may be influenced by the synergistic effect of Ni on deposition of W. It was also found that the kinetics of particle deposition and the effect of current density on codeposition behavior of nanoparticles are highly dependent on bath chemical composition.