曲1井海相原油油源对比与塔里木盆地海相石炭、二叠系含油远景

通过对曲1井原油地球化学性质的研究和油源对比的分析,认为该井原油具有海相原油的特征并与曲1井及其邻区巴楚隆起石炭。二叠系生油层有亲缘关系。在此基础上进一步分析了和田河以西石炭、二叠系的生油潜力,结合对塔里术盆地海相石炭、二叠系的展布范围、沉积特征和生油潜力的分析,认为它们具有很好的含油远景并预计可以找到与该生油层系有关的大型油气聚集带。最后,还提出了近期勘探的方向。     

沙参二井油气源探讨

本文通过对天然气类型指标(天然气和原油、源岩的碳同位素系列、甲烷碳同位素、氢同位素和汞含量)、成熟度指标(正异构体比值)和年代指标(氩同位素)的讨论,认为塔里木盆地沙参2井天然气是来自海相源岩腐泥型母质的油型气,气源层为成熟度较高的石炭-二叠系。通过原油与油气源岩地化资料的研究,以及油田水与浓缩海水对比,结论与天然气资料一致,因而油气可能是同源的。从石油地质条件分析,海相古生界作为油气源层是有条件的,石炭-二叠系可能性最大。     

东北地区石炭—二叠系储层特征与评价

通过大量的野外观察以及露头样品的微观分析和物性测试,对东北地区石炭—二叠系的储层条件进行了初步分析。东北地区石炭—二叠系分布广泛,海相、陆相均很发育,总体上具有从石炭到二叠系由海相向陆相转变的规律;地层以灰岩和碎屑岩为主,局部地区为火山碎屑岩。东北地区石炭—二叠系储集性能较差。石炭系Ⅰ类储层主要分布在二连的西南部,Ⅱ类储层主要分布在二连东北部以及松南的磐石一带,Ⅲ类储层主要分布于三江以及松北部分地区;二叠系Ⅰ类储层主要分布在松北的伊春附近以及二连的林西官地,Ⅱ类储层主要分布于二连东部的西乌珠穆沁旗附近以及松南的永吉附近,Ⅲ类储层主要分布在内蒙古的镇赉县附近。      

塔里木盆地阿克1井天然气成藏地球化学分析

该文在对塔里木盆地阿克1井天然气进行多种手段分析的同时,引入热压模拟的方法对多种类型的烃源岩进行了系列模拟产气实验,并将模拟气与阿克1井天然气进行对比。综合分析后认为,本井天然气来源于本区石炭—二叠系过成熟阶段生成的干气。在有机包裹体分析和自生伊利石测年的基础上,结合沉积与构造演化分析,作者指出本井天然气为晚期成藏、阶段聚气的产物,主要聚集了源岩在晚第三纪末—第四纪期间生成的气体。该研究成果对塔西南地区今后的勘探具有重要的指导价值。      

塔里木盆地喀什凹陷油气来源及其成藏过程

塔里木盆地喀什凹陷目前发现的最为重要的烃源岩分布于下石炭统和中、下侏罗统。下石炭统为Ⅱ型海相烃源岩，中、下侏罗统以湖相的Ⅱ- 型扬叶组烃源岩为主，其次为下侏罗统煤系烃源岩，油气源对比表明，喀什凹陷的克拉托、杨叶等油苗主要源自中侏罗统杨叶组的湖相烃源岩，阿克1井天然气主要源自石炭系Ⅱ型烃源岩。成藏过程研究表明，阿克1井天然气主要聚集了石炭系烃源岩在R0值为1.5%-1.8%阶段生成的天然气，具有晚期阶段聚气的特征，这是造成阿克1井天然气碳同位素组成偏重的主要原因。侏罗系烃源岩生成的烃类在上新世早期形成油藏，在上新世晚期受到破坏形成地表油苗或油砂。图7参26     

中国古生界油气勘探成果及勘探战略思考

1984年9月22日塔里木盆地沙参2井在井深5 391 m的奥陶系获得高产油气流,开辟了中国古生代海相油气勘探的新篇章,成为中国油气勘探史上的重要里程碑,拉开了全国古生界海相油气勘探第二次大跨越的序幕。此后的30多年,先后在塔里木、准噶尔、鄂尔多斯、四川等盆地共发现了近30个大油气田,使中国油气储量和产量不断攀升,创立了中国古生界海相油气成藏理论,形成了具世界领先水平的中国古生界海相油气勘探开发技术系列。在分析总结近30多年来中国古生界海相油气勘探成果的基础上,提出了2030年以前古生界海相油气勘探的方向,包括4个战略扩展区、9个战略突破区和5个战略准备区,分述如下,战略扩展区是塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、四川盆地;战略突破区是塔里木盆地西南坳陷、阿瓦提断陷、孔雀河斜坡,准噶尔盆地东部隆起、乌伦古坳陷,柴达木盆地东北部上古生界,鄂尔多斯盆地北部和西北部下古生界,四川盆地北部,中扬子江汉盆地及周缘、湘西—湘中地区,下扬子古生界,滇黔桂地区古生界,华北盆地石炭—二叠系;战略准备区是河西走廊地区石炭—二叠系,东北地区石炭—二叠系,青藏地区、羌塘地区等,江西、鄱阳湖—三青江地区石炭—二叠系,海域的南黄海地区。     

渤海湾盆地天然气勘探方向与目标

渤海湾盆地截止20世纪末已发现气田111个,探明气层天然气地质储量2 716.98×108m3,按其成因分为下第三系烃源气和石炭—二叠系煤成气2种。该文在重点分析了中国石油集团公司所辖4个探区石炭—二叠系煤成天然气资源潜力的基础上,提出扩大冀中东北部石炭—二叠系残留盆地勘探成果,突破临清坳陷丘县凹陷古生界原生天然气藏出气关,战略准备黄骅坳陷南部石炭—二叠系残留盆地等3个勘探方向和码头、韩村、曲周、馆陶、乌马营、王官屯等6个目标。      

松辽盆地深层天然气勘探实践与勘探领域

松辽盆地的油气勘探经历了构造油气勘探、非构造油气勘探和深层油气勘探3个阶段.在深层天然气的勘探实践中,随着徐深1井、长深1井和腰深1井等的相继突破,松辽盆地深层天然气工业基地初具端倪.对松辽盆地深层天然气的勘探得到了3点启迪:1)深化地质认识、创新勘探思路是取得深层勘探突破的基础;2)应用先进、适用的工程技术是深层勘探突破的关键;3)坚持勘探、强化管理、联合作战是实现深层勘探突破的保障.松辽盆地深层勘探程度还很低,可供勘探的领域广阔,具有火山岩勘探、碎屑岩勘探和石炭-二叠系海相勘探3个勘探领域.大力加强深层勘探有望获得更多发现,勘探潜力很大.     

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华北地台北部由于印支运动和燕山运动，地层抬升剥蚀，形成了多个石炭—二叠系残留盆地，其中广泛分布着上石炭统太原组海相烃源岩和奥陶系海相烃源岩。该区石炭—二叠系残留盆地可划分出４种生储盖组合：①上古生界自生自储自盖式成气组合；②下古生界自生自储、上古生界覆盖式成气组合；③古新混生古储中堵式成气组合；④气源岩与储集岩同层的煤层吸附甲烷气成气组合。从盆地边缘到中心、从凸起到深凹陷，具有从煤层甲烷—煤成油—凝析油气—干气气藏完整的气藏分布序列。该区现已发现或探明了长庆气田、苏桥凝析气田以及大城、潘庄、柳林等煤层甲烷气藏。该区石炭—二叠系残留盆地群是寻找大中型气田的有利地区，提出了鄂尔多斯、冀中东北部、冀南、沁水、黄骅、济阳、东濮等区的勘探目标与方向。     

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利用天然气碳同位素资料，解决了气源判识方法和指标问题，并证明鄂尔多斯盆地中部大气田的主要气源层系是下奥陶统，但在气田东部确有来自石炭—二叠系煤系的混源气甚至煤成气存在。根据气源和天然气成熟度的研究结果，把鄂尔多斯盆地北部的天然气划分为４种成因类型：①源于石炭—二叠系的高成熟裂解煤成气；②混源气；③源于下奥陶统的高成熟裂解油型气；④过成熟裂解油型气。后者是中部大气田天然气最主要的成因类型。     

CARBONIFEROUS OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION IN THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE - 1

Almost all production from Carboniferous formations in the Eastern Hemisphere comes from the Soviet Union, with less importantproduction from the United Kingdom, the Southern North Sea basin, the N W German basin (from the northern Netherlands to Poland), Algeria, Ghana, the Gulf of Suez, China and Australia. However, Carboniferous coals extending from the eastern part of Great Britain to Poland were the source of the hugegas reserves that are found in Permian and Triassic reservoirs in the Southern North Sea-N W German basin complex. Production of oil during 1978 was approximately 2,680,000 b/dt and of gas, about 20.8 Bcfldf. The USSR share was about 2.6 MM brl and 5.2 Bcf per day. Carboniferous production, which peaked in 1975, has since declined steadily. Most of the USSR's Carboniferous production is from marine carbonates andfrom marine to deltaic sandstones in the Volga- Urals, Timan-Pechora and Dnepr-Donets basins. The latter basin is mainly gas productive. Smaller amounts of hydrocarbons arepresent in marine beds of the North Caspian (Pricaspian) basin of the European USSR and in similar strata of the Chu-Sarysu basin of Kazakhstan. Some small, but significant, discoveries have been made in carbonates of the southern part of the West Siberian basin. Although the deep Khuff gas of the Middle East is probably mainly of Permian origin, some Late Carboniferous source materials could have generated part of the gas, inasmuch as the base of the Khuff is probably Late Carboniferous. Hydrocarbons in terrigenous Carboniferous rocks in Egypt are believed to have originated in non-Carboniferous beds; the petroleum in the Carboniferous sandstone reservoirs of Ghana, China and Australia is generally indigenous, and is non-marine to deltaic. Oil and gas in the Carboniferous strata of Algeria are in marine and deltaic beds and are partly indigenous. The huge Carboniferous gas reserves in Permian, Triassic and, to a lesser extent, Carboniferous reservoirs of the Southern North Sea-NW German basin are of non-marine origin. The source materials were the Upper Carboniferous coals of the same area. The volume of produced Carboniferous oil is about 23 B brl, 21 B brl of it from the Volga-Urals basin alone. About 63 Tcf of gas has been produced, 51 Tcf from the Southern North Sea-NW German basin. This volume of gas includes Carboniferous gases in Permian and Triassic reservoirs. Proved and probable reserves of Carboniferous oil are about 13 to 14 B brland 85 Tcf, of which more than 50 Tcf remains in the Netherlands “giant Groningen Barents Sea extensions of the Timan-Pechora basins, and -just possibly - in several Chinese basins. The Arabian Gulf(Persian Gulf) also has a very largegas potential, but thegas, mainly in the Khuff, is of unknown origin and may wellnot be Carboniferous. (The Chu-Sarysu basin, USSR, could also be important.)     

建南气田天然气地球化学特征及成因

中扬子西部地区经历了多旋回沉积-构造演化,纵向上发育多套生储盖组合,烃源岩为碳质页岩、碳酸盐岩及煤等多种岩性,多数达到了过成熟阶段,深部震旦系-寒武系烃源岩均处于过成熟晚期,具有多阶段生烃、晚期原油裂解供气特征。在多旋回构造演化中,中扬子西部海相天然气呈现多源多期或同源多期混合聚集、多期调整及晚期次生变化的复杂成藏过程。基于对中扬子西部地质演化背景分析和前人研究成果,分析了区域有效主力烃源岩,从天然气组分含量、组分参数相关性、烷烃气碳同位素等资料剖析了建南气田各层系天然气地球化学特征,结合区域油气成藏地质及川东气区资料,厘清了建南气田海相天然气成因及气源。研究认为,建南气田海相天然气均为干气,烷烃气碳同位素呈部分倒转,发生过原油裂解供气;二叠系长兴组及下三叠统飞仙关组、嘉陵江组气藏气源来自二叠系烃源岩,基本没有志留系甚至更深部气源供给,由原油裂解气和多类型干酪根降解气混合聚集而成,原油裂解气占主体;志留系韩家店组气藏和石炭系黄龙组气藏属于同源不同阶段天然气混合成因,原油裂解气占主体,气源母质为上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统龙马溪组碳质页岩,几乎没有受到来自震旦系-寒武系烃源岩的天然气充注。因此,中扬子西部地区海相天然气勘探潜力大,尤其以保存条件较好的鄂西渝东区为主,震旦系、寒武系及志留系天然气勘探前景甚好。     

卧龙河气田天然气成因及成藏主要控制因素

对卧龙河气田3套主要产层下三叠统嘉陵江组、中石炭统黄龙组和下二叠统的天然气组分及同位素组成特征进行了分析,结合烃源岩分布规律,确定了各层系天然气成因及主力气源。其中下三叠统嘉陵江组天然气主要以上二叠统龙潭组腐殖型烃源岩生成的煤成气为主,以志留系腐泥型源岩生成的油型气为辅;中石炭统黄龙组天然气主要由志留系烃源岩生成的不同期次的油型气混合而成;下二叠统天然气除了志留系源岩生成的油型气外,还有少量下二叠统碳酸盐岩生成的油型气。另外,卧龙河气田还存在大量原油裂解气。卧龙河气田的形成与该区多套优质烃源岩发育、处于生气中心及其周缘、优质储层发育、古隆起构造背景和晚期成藏等多种因素密切相关。     

Mixing ratios quantitative assessment of source-mixed gas reservoirs by carbon isotope analysis in Dinan Uplift,Junggar Basin,China

The mixing of natural gas is common in petroliferous basin, and the quantitative measurement of mixing ratio is important. A mathematical model based on carbon isotope was established to distinguish the mixed origin in Dinan Uplift, Junggar Basin. Our studies showed that the gas from Kelamary field, the northern part of Dinan Uplift, derived from Carboniferous source rock, while the gas in the southern area is of mixed origins, which involves mixing of gas from Carboniferous and Permian source rocks. The mixing proportion of Permian-derived gas increased with Ro, ranging from 8% to 45% and from 0.5% to 1.2%, respectively.     

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“七五“期间，我国天然气勘探的重大突破之一就是在鄂尔多斯锱地中部奥陶系顶部风化带中发现了大气田。目前，对其气源的认识存在着分岐，多数人认为是下古生界碳酸盐岩“自生自储”的碳酸盐岩气或以碳酸盐岩气为主混入了部分石炭、二叠系煤系的煤成气。而本文作者认为，上述天然气主要是源于石炭、二叠系的腐殖型热成气，依据是：①奥陶系风化带天然气属于煤成气；②石炭、二叠系煤系是盆地的主要气源岩、③具有“上古生、下古储”     

四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩大型气田天然气地球化学特征与气源

详细阐述了四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩大型气田天然气的地球化学特征,包括天然气的组成、碳同位素、凝析油的轻烃和储层沥青的生物标志化合物分布特征。认为该盆地海相碳酸盐岩三个大型气田中的天然气都不是碳酸盐岩自生的,而是来源于位于其上或其下的烃源岩,其中威远气田震旦系天然气主要来自下寒武统泥质烃源岩,卧龙河气田嘉陵江组天然气主要来自上二叠统煤系烃源岩,川东石炭系天然气主要来自志留系泥质烃源岩。     

东濮凹陷文留盐下煤成气聚集系数研究

东濮凹陷文留地区沙三段4亚段盐下气源单一,石炭—二叠纪系煤系气源边界条件清楚,该区勘探程度高,对天然气成藏条件、成藏历史、气藏特征的认识深刻,可以有依据地推算最终可探明储量;利用盆地模拟方法计算出刻度区的煤系生气量,进而推算出天然气聚集系数为7.3%～7.6%.      

川东地区石炭系天然气成藏动力学研究

川东地区是四川盆地稳定地块中的相对构造活动区,发育10排高陡构造带.应用油气成藏动力学的原理和方法,剖析了石炭系碳酸盐岩储层油气成藏的主控因素,恢复与再现了石炭系天然气成藏动力学过程.研究成果表明,可将二叠系阳新统的现今流体压力系数1.30作为对石炭系气藏压力封闭的临界值.石炭系为具正常地层压力的区域孔洞型储集体,致使大规模的褶皱型构造圈闭成为仓储空间,石炭系捕集成藏的天然气又是在高压驱使下上下邻层流体跨层充注的结果.川东地区石炭系天然气的成藏动力学特征可归纳为:"压力封闭,流体上下充注,天然气仓储式成藏".     

Characteristics and accumulation mechanism of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Upper Paleozoic, northern Ordos Basin, China

The Ordos Basin is a significant petroliferous basin in the central part of China.The Carboniferous and Permian deposits of transitional and continental facies are the main gas-bearing layers in the north part of the basin.The Carboniferous and Permian natural gas reservoirs in the northern Ordos Basin are mainly tight sandstone reservoirs with low porosity and low permeability,developing lots of ＂sweet spots＂ with comparatively high porosity and permeability.The tight sandstones in the study area are gas-bearing,and the sweet spots are rich in gas.Sweet spots and tight sandstones are connected rather than being separated by an interface seal.Sweet spot sand bodies are vertically and horizontally overlapped,forming a large gas reservoir group.In fact,a reservoir formed by a single sweet spot sand body is an open gas accumulation.In the gentle dipping geological setting and with the source rocks directly beneath the tight reservoirs over a large area,the balance between gas charging into tight reservoirs from source rocks and gas loss from tight reservoirs through caprock is the key of gas accumulation in tight sandstones.Both the non-Darcy flow charging driven by source-reservoir excess pressure difference and the diffusion flow charging driven by source-reservoir gas concentration difference play an important role in gas accumulation.The results of mathematical modeling indicate that the gas accumulation cannot be formed by just one of the above mechanisms.The diffusion of gas from source rocks to reservoirs is a significant mechanism of tight sandstone gas accumulation.     

临清坳陷东部晚古生代煤成气成藏条件

临清坳陷东部晚古生代石炭 -二叠系含煤地层由煤层、暗色泥岩、灰岩及碎屑岩构成 ,前三者是煤成气的主要源岩。文章简单介绍了气源岩沉积学特征 ,重点研究了煤系烃源岩有机地球化学特征 ,对其生烃潜力给予了充分肯定 ,结合储盖层条件综合分析 ,预测区内有 4种储盖组合、4种气藏类型 ,具备煤成气藏形成的基本地质条件 ,并指出研究区具有较大的煤成气勘探潜力