垃圾渗滤液的氧化降解处理

通过研究臭氧氧化法对垃圾渗滤液的降解处理,实验研究得出较优的通气速度为5 g/h,通气时长为20 min,在此条件下,垃圾渗滤液的COD由4400 mg/L下降到1341 mg/L,水样COD降解率达到了69.52%。使用三维电极氧化法对垃圾渗滤液的处理效果进行研究,实验结果显示当电流强度为10 m A时,选用1.5 mm活性炭作为填充电极,三维电极的处理能力达到最高,原液的COD由4400 mg/L降为1221 mg/L,COD的总去除率达到69.33%,以及臭氧氧化+三维电解复合处理垃圾渗滤液的COD的总去除率达到90.65%。     

混凝-臭氧氧化法处理三磺泥浆体系钻井废水

三磺泥浆体系钻井废水经混凝处理后的出水化学需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD)值稳定在350~600 mg/L,水中残留的COD物质可絮凝性很差. 对水中残留COD物质的主要来源进行了初步的分析. 采用混凝-臭氧氧化法处理三磺泥浆体系钻井废水,在6000 mg/L石灰和2000 mg/L硫酸亚铁(FeSO4)的混凝作用下,COD的脱除率为77.2%;对混凝出水采用臭氧氧化法处理,随初始pH值的升高,臭氧氧化效果增强,随COD值降低,臭氧指数(Ozone Index, OI)显著增大;在pH值为12.5下氧化5 min, COD的氧化去除率达81.2%;混凝-臭氧氧化法两步反应的COD总去除率为95.7%,出水无色,COD<100 mg/L,达到了排放标准.     

垃圾渗滤液深度处理中试研究

在中试系统中,采用混凝-催化臭氧氧化-曝气生物滤池组合工艺,对垃圾渗滤液MBR生物处理出水进行深度处理。结果表明,组合工艺对渗滤液中的难降解有机物具有良好的去除效果,COD去除率高达87.6%,出水COD100 mg/L,达到生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准(GB 16889-2008)的排放要求。组合工艺中,臭氧塔中含锰催化剂填料的投加有效提高了臭氧氧化的效果,对出水达标起到重要作用。实验确定了各处理单元的最佳运行条件:混凝初始p H为6.0,聚铁投加量为1 400 mg/L;臭氧氧化中臭氧投加量为150 mg/L;曝气生物滤池水力停留时间为4.5 h。此外,经计算组合工艺处理成本为7.96元/m3,具有良好的经济性,利于推广应用。     

CuO催化臭氧氧化深度处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

采用粉末CuO作为催化剂,对生化处理后的低浓度垃圾渗滤液进行催化臭氧氧化深度处理.探讨了反应时间、催化剂投量、温度、pH、起始CODCr及氯离子含量对渗滤液有机污染物去除的影响.在进水COD.为350 mg/L,色度为1 000 PCU的条件下,氧化反应120 min后CODCr、TOC及UV254的去除率能够达到70%～80%,色度的去除率几乎达到100%.试验结果得出,在常温条件下,CuO催化臭氧氧化法深度处理低浓度垃圾渗滤液的最佳反应时间为120 min,CuO最佳投量为0.5 s/L,反应最佳pH为6～8.     

非均相催化臭氧化深度处理钻井废水的效能研究

采用单独臭氧氧化、MnO2吸附和O3/MnO2催化氧化3种体系对经过混凝处理后的钻井废水进行深度处理,重点研究了O3/MnO2催化氧化体系去除钻井废水中有机物(以COD计)的效能。结果表明:相比单独臭氧氧化和MnO2吸附体系,O3/MnO2催化氧化体系能显著提高COD和TOC的去除率;COD去除率随着臭氧投加量和催化剂投加量的增加、pH的升高和反应时间的增加而增大;在臭氧投加量为80 mg/L、pH为11.5、催化剂投加量为20 g/L、反应时间为40 min的最佳工艺条件下,COD和TOC的去除率分别达到87.51%、83.18%,COD从686.28 mg/L降至85.72mg/L,出水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级标准要求。     

催化臭氧氧化在己内酰胺废水深度处理中的应用

采用非均相催化臭氧氧化工艺对己内酰胺废水经过厌氧/好氧膜生物反应器工艺生化处理出水进行深度处理,进一步脱色,提高化学耗氧量(COD)去除率;考察了臭氧投加量、催化氧化反应时间对处理效果的影响。结果表明:催化氧化反应时间大于40 min,臭氧投加量为30 mg/L时,COD去除率达到37.4%,脱色效果好,非均相催化臭氧氧化与常规臭氧氧化相比,可节约臭氧量约50%。     

高浓度硫脲废水的臭氧催化氧化法处理研究

针对铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳能电池的高浓度硫脲废水(硫脲2500mg/L,COD为3000mg/L,pH=10),采用臭氧催化氧化法对其进行处理,结果表明臭氧+催化剂+双氧水的催化氧化法效果最佳,在臭氧投加浓度500mg/L条件下,最佳的催化剂投加量为200mg/L,双氧水(30%)投加量为4g/L,反应时间为8小时,COD去除率80%左右。在反应时间8小时,COD去除率大于70%情况下,臭氧与硫脲的最佳比值为1.67。8小时后,COD去除率增加缓慢,后续可采用生化法进一步处理。     

臭氧强化混凝在酵母废水深度处理中的应用研究

采用臭氧强化混凝的方法对酵母废水二级出水进行深度处理,结果表明,臭氧、三氯化铁投加量分别为120 mg/L、0.5 g/L时,COD去除率为65.0%,与相同投加量下先混凝后臭氧氧化的实验结果相比,COD去除率可提高19.2%,化学污泥产生量可减少50%以上;与单独混凝实验相比,可减少60%以上的混凝剂用量。臭氧强化混凝的吨水处理费用最低,采用氧气源时,吨水处理费为2.5元,分别比先混凝后臭氧氧化和单独混凝减少0.7、1.3元/t。     

化学混凝-芬顿氧化联合处理某膏药工厂废水试验研究

本研究采用化学混凝-芬顿氧化联合法处理某膏药生产处理废水。混凝试验结果表明:当采用聚合硫酸铁,且投加量为1000 mg/L,混凝时间3 h,pH值8.0时,废水COD去除率为37.0%,水处理处理效果较好。芬顿氧化试验表明:H2O2和Fe2+投加量分别为80mg/L和60 mg/L,反应时间为80min,pH值为3.0时COD去除率达89.1%。化学混凝芬顿氧化联合试验表明:该废水的COD去除率可达90.1%,出水较为清澈。     

氧化-混凝-吸附联合处理垃圾渗滤液的实验研究

采用氧化、混凝、吸附及其联合处理工艺去除垃圾渗滤液COD和色度。研究结果表明:(1)单独采用混凝法,COD和色度的去除率较低,分别仅有0.33%和4.62%;(2)使用高锰酸钾化学氧化法,COD和色度的去除率分别为83.84%,96.05%,最佳投放浓度为0.48 g/L;(3)氧化-混凝-吸附联合法处理实验结果较为理想,高锰酸钾投加量为0.48 g/L,粉末活性炭投加量为0.9 g/L,COD和色度去除率分别达到93.31%和98.82%。     

臭氧氧化处理渗滤液纳滤浓缩液的试验研究

采用臭氧为主工艺处理垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液,试验结果表明:先通过混凝沉淀、臭氧氧化,再采用MBR处理,可取得良好的处理效果。当三氯化铁的投加量为2 kg/m3,PAM的投加量为0.1 kg/m3,絮凝时间在30~40 min,沉淀时间2~3 h的条件下,混凝沉淀COD的去除率为45%~60%;臭氧用量在25 g/h,水力停留时间为90 min左右,B/C比可提高至0.45;氧化后废水在MBR作用下出水COD为1000 mg/L左右,COD去除率为50%;如出水达到GB16889-2008标准限值的要求,需增加深度处理。     

Combined adsorption and Chemical precipitation process for pretreatment or post-treatment of landfill leachate

Performances of combined adsorption and chemical precipitation were evaluated as one of the options for pretreatment or post-treatment of a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachate and leachate from an industrial solid waste landfill. The COD and color removals of the leachate from a MSW landfill were 35% and 33% at an alum dose of 300 mg/L with preceding PAC (powdered activated carbon) dose of 200 mg/L, respectively. For MSW leachate, the combined adsorption and coagulation process showed 2.3 times higher COD removal at PAC dose of 200 mg/L and alum dose of 500 mg/L than the unit process of adsorption with poor settleability. The COD removal was accomplished mainly by adsorption, while coagulation was a key mechanism of color removal. The COD and color of the biologically treated leachate from an industrial solid waste landfill were removed up to 32% and 68%, respectively, at addition of 490 mgAlum/L and 1,000 mgPAC/L in adsorption-coagulation process with pH control. Combined adsorption and coagulation process with pH control showed better COD and color removal than the process without pH control. The color removal was influenced greatly by pH control, while COD removal was not. No difference in removal efficiency was observed between adsorption-coagulation and coagulation-adsorption. Maximum net increases in the COD and color removals by the adsorption-coagulation process were 40% and 46%, respectively, compared with the removals by sole chemical precipitation. The Freundlich isotherm exclusively described the adsorption of leachate components on the PAC. Thus, a combined adsorption and coagulation process was considered to be effective for pre-treatment or post-treatment of landfill leachate, and has distinct features of simple, flexible, stable and reliable operation against fluctuation of leachate quality and flowrate.     

臭氧、臭氧/双氧水催化氧化深度处理化工废水

对比了臭氧、臭氧催化氧化、臭氧/双氧水和臭氧/双氧水催化氧化4种工艺深度处理化工废水的效果,结果表明,当进水COD和色度分别为95.7 mg/L和90倍时,4种工艺出水的COD去除率分别为23.66%、26.77%、29.24%、32.97%,色度去除率分别为64.44%、64.44%、82.22%、82.22%,催化剂和双氧水均能小幅强化臭氧氧化效果。连续臭氧氧化可使出水COD降至20 mg/L,同时当臭氧投加量为60 mg/L时,4种工艺出水均具有一定的可生化性,满足后序生化工艺的需求。     

混凝—臭氧氧化处理垃圾中转站渗滤液的试验研究

以垃圾中转站渗滤液为研究对象,分析了混凝-臭氧氧化工艺对渗滤液COD和色度的影响。结果表明:在pH=11.2,FeCl_3加量为900 mg/L,臭氧反应时间为20 min,臭氧流量为35 mg/L的优化条件下,垃圾中转站渗滤液的COD、色度分别可去除78.39%与95.34,BOD5/COD由反应之前的0.152提升到了0.415,可生化性明显改善。     

混凝-芬顿法在垃圾渗滤液预处理中的比较研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种较难处理的废水,本文采用混凝法、Fenton氧化法对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理研究,通过单因素试验结果分析可知：当10%PFS投药量为1.2 g/L,搅拌转速为350 r/min,pH值为7,沉淀时间为120 min时,COD的去除率达到最佳,最高可以达到47.1%,色度去除率达到52.7%。采用芬顿法时当pH值为3,H2O2投加量为6 mL/L,反应时间为90 min,n（H2O2）/n（Fe2＋）为8∶1,COD的去除率达到最佳,COD和色度去除率分别可达45.6%和93.8%。综合比较在预处理中运用混凝法无论在工艺还是经济方面都是比较可行的。     

化工外排污水COD深度处理技术研究

采用混凝气浮—臭氧氧化/活性炭吸附组合工艺深度处理兰州石化分公司化工外排污水,考察了主要操作参数并确定了最佳工艺条件.试验表明,该处理技术能将COD在60～100 mg/L的化工外排污水COD去除50％～80％,出水COD≤35 mg/L,稳定达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB/T 8978- 1996)的一级排放标准.     

Oxidation of Aged Raw Landfill Leachate with O3 Only and O3/H2O2: Treatment Efficiency and Molecular Size Distribution Analysis

An aged raw landfill leachate was taken from the equalization storage tank at Clover Bar Landfill Leachate Treatment Plant, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The average quality parameters of this leachate were: COD=1,090mg/L, BOD₅=39mg/L, color=1,130 TCU, NH₃-N=455mgN/L, alkalinity=4,030mg/L as CaCO₃and pH=8.30. The major fraction of this leachate was large refractory organic compounds. Ozone (O₃) only and O₃ combined with hydrogen peroxide (O₃/H₂O₂) were applied to treat this leachate, aiming at enhancing COD and color reduction and increasing its biodegradability (i.e., the ratio of BOD₅/COD). All of the O₃ only and O₃/H₂O₂ oxidation experiments were performed in a gas washing bottle equipped with a fine bubble diffuser. The used ozone dose ranged from 1.2 to 12.5g O₃/L leachate for O₃ only treatment, and 1.8 to 13.8g O₃/L leachate for O₃/H₂O₂ treatment. H₂O₂ dose for O₃/H₂O₂ treatment was 0.63g H₂O₂/L leachate. COD, BOD₅, color, NH₃-N, nitrite+nitrate, and alkalinity were measured before and after treatment. Meanwhile the molecular size distribution of the leachate, before and after treatment, was analyzed by using a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) with gel filtration column and UV detector at 254nm. The addition of H₂O₂ had an insignificant effect (at 5% significance level) on enhancing COD and color reduction. After oxidation, the maximum BOD₅ increase was about 110% for O₃/H₂O₂ treatment and about 141% for O₃ only treatment at a used ozone dose of 3.6g O₃/L leachate and 2.6g O₃/L leachate for O₃/H₂O₂ and O₃ only, respectively. As the used ozone dose increased, NH₃-N and alkalinity decreased considerably, and nitrite+nitrate increased accordingly. Treatment efficiency models, which describe the changes in COD, BOD₅/COD, NH₃-N, nitrite+nitrate, and alkalinity as functions of the used ozone dose, were developed. Statistically (at 5% significance level), the treatment efficiency models for both treatments are not different. According to the results of molecular size distribution analysis, no correlation was observed between the BOD₅ increase and oxidation by-products’ formation.     

垃圾渗滤液处理中混凝剂的筛选及复配

采用正交试验,对高浓度有毒有害垃圾渗滤液进行混凝预处理。对单组分混凝剂进行筛选,通过处理垃圾液COD去除率进行评价,得出单组分最佳用量为1 250 mg/L（PAC）、1 500 mg/L（PFS）、50 mg/L（PAM）。对3种混凝剂进行双组分及多组分的复配,确定复配的最佳剂量比值为PAC/PFS/PAM=1︰1︰1。实验结果表明,复配的混凝剂比单组分混凝剂的垃圾液预处理效果明显提升。     

混凝-吸附法在垃圾渗滤液预处理中的应用研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种较难处理的废水,本文通过混凝一吸附法的预处理实验研究,结果表明:当硫酸铝投量在500mg/L、活性炭投量在30g/L时,可将渗滤液中COD的浓度从1856mg/L降为640mg/L,COD去除率达到66%;渗滤液颜色由原来的深褐色变成无色,色度从3000倍降低到5倍。混凝一吸附法做为一种经济、适用的预处理方法用于处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液是可行的。