关于哈尔滨第三发电厂600MW机组（3^#机）吹管过程中除氧器及水箱超压…

本文着重论述了哈三电厂６００ＭＷ机组（３＾＃机）发生除氧器及水箱的超压事故和事实调查经过，正确分析和判断超压事故的内在原因。运用强度理论对本设备超压后承载能力进行推理计算，从而得出了正确结论，本论文对哈三电厂６００ＭＷ机组（３＾＃机）的安全运行具有重要参考价值。     

消除国产600 MW 机组锅炉汽温偏差的有效措施

介绍了哈三电厂６００ＭＷ锅炉过热器出口汽温偏差的试验研究情况，分析了产生这种现象的原因，提出了改进措施，并且给出了改造后运行的效果。     

粉煤灰表面改性效果的分析与探讨

以鸡西电厂粉煤灰为原料,选择多种表面处理剂对粉煤灰进行处理,并测定活化指数、润湿接触角等表面评价指标。分析改性粉煤灰样品的药剂吸附强度、吸水率、有机溶剂中的沉降行为。实验表明:药剂种类对粉煤灰表面改性效果有很大的影响,对于鸡西电厂粉煤灰而言,钛酸酯偶联剂是最优的表面改性剂。     

不揭缸改造国产600MW机组2号低压缸前轴承

通过哈三电厂对4号机组7号瓦的不揭缸改造，分析了将原设计的圆筒式轴承改造为三瓦块式可倾瓦的可行性，总结了改造过程的经验，说明通过改造可有效地解决6～8号瓦温度高的问题。     

粉煤灰开发利用方向探讨

山西煤电的规模不断扩大，热电厂燃煤的副产品——粉煤友排放量急剧增长．既占地又污染环境。通过对山西几大电厂粉煤灰物、化分析，及放射性强度检测．初步了解了粉煤灰的基本特征。并对进一步开发利用粉煤灰提出建议。     

粉煤灰应用中存在的问题与对策

粉煤灰应用中存在的问题与对策山东省德州市计划委员会刘宝三一、粉煤灰的危害粉煤灰是燃煤电厂排出的工业废渣，其主要成分是二氧化硅和三氧化二铝（占７０％以上），其它有铁、钙、镁、钾、钠等的氧化物和部分炭粒，同时还有部分微量元素。粉煤灰对环境的危害主要表现在...     

华能福州电厂粉煤灰在大体积混凝土工程中的应用

1引言灰渣综合利用是洁净煤技术的一个重要方面。华能福州电厂两台350MW燃煤机组每年排放灰渣量约45万吨。自从1989年投产以来，广泛综合利用粉煤灰，利用率为26％，其中1996年达到50％。几年来开发了许多新的技术途径，特别是在大体积混凝土工程中应用粉煤灰技术取得了宝贵的经验，为今后进一步推广应用打下了良好的基础。2华能福州电厂粉煤灰收集系统及其特性该厂2X350MW机组的锅炉各配有两室三电场除尘器，且有飞灰真空收集系统及压力输送打包等设备，提供了粉煤灰综合利用的物质基础。粉煤灰按粗、细分级收集后分别送入粗灰收集仓和细…     

粉煤灰复合磁化肥

粉煤灰复合磁化肥刘传义，奚天鹏，曹靖华南京化工学院南京雨花台中学一、概述粉煤灰是燃煤火力发电厂的废渣，每年排放量全国已达到８０Ｍｔ，储灰场占地面积为１．７×１０￣４公顷。随着电力工业的发展，电厂排出的粉煤灰与日俱增，据预测至２０００年电厂排灰量将达到...     

负压中间储仓式制粉系统的安全性综合评价

哈三电厂200MW 机组采用的是负压中间储仓式制粉系统，由于其本身的设计缺 陷还有人为的不合理运行方式，多年来一直严重存在安全运行隐患。曾经多次发生制粉系统爆 破，数度造成设备报废，锅炉灭火，甚至于人身伤害。就其本身设计缺陷，及人为的不合理运行 方式所带来的安全隐患进行综合分析。     

嘉陵成都电厂灰渣综合治理及综合利用可持续发展的途径及对策

燃煤电厂每年排出的大量粉煤灰，如不及时进行治理，使之成为废物造成污染，不仅影响安全发供电，还给城市环境和人民生活带来危害，同时也造成对资源的极大浪费。作为成都热电厂技改项目的嘉陵成都电厂至2000年6月投产发电后，在该厂原老厂及华能机组所排粉煤灰的基础上又随之增加约50万吨的灰渣排放量。由于地处中心城市，附近又不能同其它火电厂一样，找到合适的储灰场，每天排出的灰渣必须就地消化。因此，寻求搞好灰渣治理和综合利用可持续发展的途径和对策，是保证机组安全运行的保护环境的一个必不可少的重要课题。     

添加剂对煤灰熔融特性的影响

在8种煤灰中添加不同矿物质作助熔剂,对煤灰熔融特性进行研究;并用灰色系统方法对8种煤灰的矿物质成分和综合成分与煤灰熔融特性的相关度进行研究,然后对实验方法与灰色系统关联度方法进行比较研究.结果表明:添加剂可以降低煤灰熔融温度,也可以升高煤灰熔融温度,添加剂CaCO3为30%时,F煤和D煤得到最低熔点分别为1 250℃和1 350℃;添加剂硼砂(Na2B4O7·10H2O)为15%时,F煤到最低灰熔点1 150℃,硼砂为20%时,D煤可到熔点1 300℃以下.根据关联度方法可得到:酸性矿物质是影响煤灰熔融温度的主要因素,钠系物质对灰熔融性的关联度比钙系物质影响大,数学方法计算结果与实验结果相吻合.     

准东煤灰与液态排渣煤粉炉耐火材料的烧结特性

采用TGA-DSC分析确定了准东煤灰和其混合灰样(不同质量比的准东煤灰和耐火材料)燃烧过程中的特征温度,并分别采用XRD和FSEM-EDS对不同特征温度段灰样进行矿物识别和形貌、能谱分析,得到了原灰与混合灰的烧结温度、灰中主要矿物的转化和熔融过程,并对比了不同耐火材料含量的煤灰熔融温度;在此基础上提出了耐火材料构型的极限热载荷概念评价其耐热性能.研究表明:碳化硅耐火材料降低了准东煤灰的变形温度DT(1130℃降低到1080℃),促进煤灰与耐火材料的烧结形成致密的挂渣保护层;同时灰的烧结会使耐火材料承受极限热载荷能力降低近1/3.1200℃之后,耐火材料中SiC在煤灰的作用下发生氧化,造成材料失效,故在锅炉运行过程中要严格控制挂渣与耐火材料交界面处的温度.耐火材料增加煤灰在高温下的黏度,提高了煤灰的流动温度TF,更加利于煤灰在耐火材料表面形成牢固稳定的熔渣保护层.     

Characterizing surface properties of oxidized coal using FTIR and contact angle measurements

This paper compares FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and contact angle measurements to characterize surface properties of the oxidized coals with different ash contents. FTIR analysis was employed to investigate functional chemical groups of the oxidized coals. Contact angle measurements were utilized to characterize the hydrophilicity of the oxidized coal. The results showed that contact angle measurements were the same regarding of the type of the oxidized coal. However, FTIR results show that the coal samples with lower ash content had more hydrophobic groups and less hydrophilic groups than the coal samples with higher ash content. This paper demonstrated that FTIR technique is more sensitive than contact angle measurements in studying surface properties of oxidized coal samples.     

A new process based on a combination of gravity and flotation for the recovery of clean coal from flotation tailings

Beneficiation of clean coal from flotation tailings with a high intergrown ash content is gaining popularity in China. It not only improves the utilization rate of coal resources but also reduces environmental pollution. In this paper, a novel gravity–flotation process is proposed to concentrate low-ash fine coal and includes the disposal of tailings via gravity, grinding liberation, and froth flotation. The experimental results show that the clean coal had an ash content of 12.33% and the yield from the flotation tailings was 32.24% with an ash content of 46.39%, which has economic value in the current market.     

Effect of CaO mineral change on coal ash melting characteristics

The change of mineral composition in ash and the effect of CaO on the melting characteristics of coal ash were studied by adding different contents of CaO to coal ash. At the same time, the Factsage thermodynamics software was used to simulate the mineral changes in the synthetic ash to support and verify the experimental results. The results show that with the increase of CaO content, the melting characteristic temperature of coal ash first decreases and then rises. After adding a certain amount of CaO, the quartz with higher melting point completely disappears, and the melting point of the coal ash reaches a minimum value. And with the increase of CaO content, the appearance of wollastonite and single crystal calcium oxide mineral makes the melting point of coal ash gradually increase. It can be seen from the phase diagram calculated by Factsage that as the CaO content increases, the corresponding position of the coal ash gradually moves from the hematite region to the calcareous region. And the phenomenon of low temperature eutectic occurs when the CaO content is 35%, which is consistent with the trend of temperature change of the melting characteristics. These phenomena all indicate that the change in the melting point of coal ash is nonlinear as the content of CaO minerals increases.     

煤灰对石油焦水蒸气气化的影响

通过热天平实验，研究了煤灰存在时石油焦的水蒸气气化反应行为．实验研究发现，煤灰对石油焦水蒸气气化反应活性具有较好的催化作用，而且催化作用的好坏受煤灰添加均匀性的影响．煤灰含量增加，石油焦气化反应速率增加；在煤灰含量较小时，煤灰含量的变化对反应速率的影响较大．但随着煤灰含量增加，煤灰含量的变化对反应速率的影响逐渐不明显．煤灰的存在降低了石油焦气化反应的反应活化能．     

Effect of ash on dielectric properties and micro-structure of high alkali coal at different temperature pyrolysis

The effect of ash on dielectric properties and micro-structure of high alkali coal at different temperature pyrolysis was studied, so as to provide theoretical basis for coal deep processing by microwave. An acid-washed method was adopted to remove ash in Zhundong coal for preparing coal chars at 700 °C–1300 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to characterize the microcrystal structure. The thermal stability was characterized by thermogravimetric analyzer, and the dielectric properties were measured by a vector network analyzer. The results showed that when the pyrolysis temperature was below 1100 °C, the presence of ash hindered the development of carbon structure in raw coal char. The main reason is that the alkali metal oxides (K₂O and Na₂O) in the ash promoted the solution loss reaction during pyrolysis. The structure of the original carbon layer was damaged, thereby the graphitization degree, thermal stability and dielectric properties of raw coal char were weaker than the ash-free coal char. When the pyrolysis temperature reached 1300 °C, the minerals were completely melted. The reaction of phase transition of SiO₂ in ash played a catalytic role on raw coal char structure, resulting in tighter arrangement of adjacent carbon layers. The raw coal char showed stronger dielectric properties and thermal stability.     

Thermodynamic evaluation of integrated gasification combined cycle: Comparison between high‐ash and low‐ash coals

In the present study, a coal‐integrated gasification combined cycle power plant is simulated. A high‐ash coal and low‐ash coal are considered to compare the performance of the plant. The combined cycle is in typical commercial size with 450 MW capacity. The feeds are Tabas and Illinois #6 coals which approximately contain more than 30% and 10% ash and have higher heating values of 22.7 MJ/kg and 26.8 MJ/kg, respectively. Energy and exergy analyses are done by aspen plus ^® and ees , respectively. Energy analysis shows that the overall efficiencies of power plants using high‐ash and low‐ash coals are 33% and 28%, respectively. The result shows that in high‐ash case, 52 kg/s coal, 10 kg/s water, and 1050 kg/s air and in low‐ash case, 48 kg/s coal and 820 kg/s air are required for providing mentioned power, approximately. Exergy analysis shows that maximum exergy destruction is in heat recovery steam generator unit. Investigating the emissions shows that high percent of ash in the coal composition has slight effects on the IGCC pollution. Finally, from thermodynamic viewpoint, it is concluded that the high‐ash coal, like the conventional one, can be used as thermally efficient and environmentally compatible feed of IGCCs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Flotation kinetics of the removal of unburned carbon from coal fly ash

Unburned carbon (UC) in coal fly ash indicates the waste of energy source and is an obstacle to the utilization of coal fly ash. The purpose of this study was to investigate the flotation kinetics of the removal of UC from coal fly ash. The collector and frother dosage are key factors for coal fly ash flotation. Six flotation kinetic models were applied to fit the flotation kinetic tests data. The fitted results showed that the classical first-order model had better consistency with the experimental data. The contact angle of flotation concentrates decreased as the flotation time was extended which revealed the decrease of flotation rate.     

准东煤灰熔融特性试验研究

将神华准东煤（神华煤）和天池能源准东煤（天池煤）与碱沟煤按照不同质量掺混比进行混合并制得灰样,将NaCl、CaO、Al2O3和SiO2按不同添加比例加入神华煤和天池煤并制成灰样,对上述混合灰样的熔融特性进行研究.结果表明：碱沟煤掺混2种准东煤后,随着准东煤质量掺混比的增大,混合灰各个灰熔点特征温度先降低后升高;随着灰样中Na含量增加,准东煤灰样的变形温度显著降低,软化温度、半球温度和流动温度先降低后趋于不变;当灰样中Na含量达到一定比例后,NaCl对准东煤灰熔融特性的影响明显减弱;CaO对准东煤灰熔点的影响较复杂,可以降低也可以提高灰熔点;随着Al2O3添加比例的增加,准东煤灰熔点先升高后急剧降低;随着SiO2添加比例的增加,神华煤灰样的变形温度先升高后降低,而天池煤灰样的变形温度逐步升高,其他3个特征温度均逐渐降低.