Co2O3掺杂对(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3陶瓷结构与电性能的影响

采用传统固相法制备了(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3+xmol%Co3+(BNKT-xCo,x=0-8)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了Co2O3掺杂对BNKT陶瓷的显微结构与电学性能的影响。研究表明:适量的Co2O3掺杂促进了晶粒生长,纯BNKT陶瓷样品在介电温谱上有2个介电反常峰Td和Tm,Co2O3掺杂后使所有陶瓷样品的第一个介电反常峰Td消失,表明Co3+抑制铁电-反铁电相变。室温下样品的介电、铁电和压电性能表明Co2O3起硬性掺杂效应。当x=7时陶瓷样品电性能最佳,其中机械品质因子Qm=498,介电损耗tanδ=2.3%(1kHz),压电常数d33=103pC/N,平面机电耦合系数kp=27%。     

铁钕掺杂K0.5Na0.5NbO3陶瓷的压电介电性能

采用传统陶瓷制备技术制备了新型的K0.5Na0.5NbO3+0.2%molFe2O3+x%molNd2O3压电陶瓷,研究了该体系陶瓷的压电性能及介电性能。研究结果表明,在烧结温度为1120℃、4 h时,该体系陶瓷均具有相对较好的电学性能,并在x为0.2时性能最佳,其压电常数d33为125pC/N,机电耦合系数Kp为37%,机械品质因素Qm为155,介电常数εr为561,介质损耗tanδ为0.08。     

Y_2O_3,Fe_2O_3掺杂(Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))TiO_3无铅压电陶瓷的研究

采用固相法制备了(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3+xmol%Y2O3+xmol%Fe2O3(0≤x≤1.25)(简称NBTYF)无铅压电陶瓷。XRD衍射结果表明,所有陶瓷样品均为单一的钙钛矿结构。SEM表明,掺杂后陶瓷的晶粒尺寸增大。介电温谱表明该体系陶瓷具有弛豫特性,随掺杂量的增加,退极化温度Td向低温方向移动,而居里温度Tc向高温方向移动。陶瓷的密度和压电常数d33和随x的增加先增大后减小,而机械品质因子Qm一直下降。当x=1.00时,该体系陶瓷具有最佳压电性能,d33=106pC/N,Qm=93,kp=16.08%,εr=594,tanδ=5.33%,ρ=5.699g/cm3。     

La_2O_3掺杂(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5))_(0.94)Ba_(0.06)TiO_3陶瓷的介电和压电性能的研究

用固相反应法制备La2O3掺杂的铁电陶瓷(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3(BNBT6)。X射线衍射曲线表明掺杂0-0.6wt%La2O3的BNBT6为钙钛结构。研究了La2O3掺杂对BNBT6陶瓷介电性能和压电性能的影响。结果表明La2O3掺杂量为0.3wt%的BNBT6陶瓷综合性能最佳,其中介电常数为1981.4,介电损耗为0.0625和压电常数为145pc/N。SEM图象表明La2O3掺杂提高了陶瓷的致密度。     

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-Ba0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6无铅压电陶瓷的研究

采用固相法制备了(1-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBa0.5Sr0.5Nb2O6(0≤x≤1.0％)(简称(1-x)NBT-xBSN)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了不同BSN含量(x=0,0.1％,0.3％,0.5％,0.7％,1.0％,摩尔分数)样品的物相组成、显微结构及电性能.结果表明:所有样品均为纯钙钛矿结构,随掺杂量x的增加,陶瓷的相对密度pr、压电常数d33和机电耦合系数kp均先增大后降低,机械品质因子Qm和退极化温度Td则逐渐下降.该体系陶瓷具有弥散相变特征,弥散指数介于1.6～1.7.当x=0.5％时,陶瓷获得最佳性能:d33=92pC/N,kp=0.164,Qm=89,εr=650,tanδ=5.47％,pr=96.5％.     

Sr和Mn复合掺杂(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷

用固相法制备了(Na0.8K0.2)0.5Bi0.5TiO3+xmol%SrCO3+xmol%MnCO3(0≤x≤1.25%)(简称NKBTSM)无铅压电陶瓷,用XRD、SEM、Agilent 4294A精密阻抗仪等对该体系陶瓷的结构与电性能进行表征。结果表明:所制备的NKBTSM陶瓷样品均为单一的钙钛矿结构。Sr和Mn的复合掺杂促进了晶粒的长大,并提高了致密度。与纯NKBT陶瓷相比,掺杂Sr和Mn能提高陶瓷的压电常数d33、机电耦合系数kp和机械品质因子Qm,降低陶瓷的介质损耗tanδ。该系陶瓷具有介电弛豫特性,弥散因子随x的增加先增大后减小。综合考虑:x=1.00%陶瓷的电学性能最佳:d33=152pC/N,Qm=195,kp=28.66%,εr=701,tanδ=2.84%。     

K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3-La_2O_3无铅压电陶瓷性能的研究

采用传统周相反应法制备了K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xmol%La2O3(简称KNN-xLa)系列无铅压电陶瓷,研究了不同La2O3含量(x=0.0,0.05,0.15,0.25,0.35,0.5,1.0)样品的物相组成、显微结构、压电及介电性能.实验结果表明:La2O3的加入并没有改变陶瓷的相结构,体系仍为单一正交相钙钛矿结构.随着掺杂量x的增大样品的压电系数(d33)、机械品质因子(Qm)、平面机电耦合系数(kp)和样品密度(P)都呈现先增大后减少的变化趋势,而介质损耗(tan δ)呈现先变小后增大的变化趋势,烧成温度则随着x的增大而升高.当x=0.15时,材料的综合性能达到最佳,其中P=4.52 g/cm3,d33=120pC/N,Qm=130,kp=0.41,tan δ=0.021.此外,随着x的增大,居里温度Tc则呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,而正交相向四方相的转变温度To-t与Tc变化相反,且当x=0.15时,To-t=189℃,Tc=404℃.     

Co、Mn共掺杂铋层状Na_(0.5)Bi_(4.5)Ti_4O_(15)无铅压电陶瓷的显微结构及电性能

采用固相法制备Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15+x%Co2O3+y%MnCO3(NBT-CM-x)(y=0.1x)铋层状无铅压电陶瓷,研究了Co、Mn共掺杂对Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15陶瓷显微结构和电性能的影响。结果表明:所有样品均为铋层状结构;Co、Mn共掺杂能促进陶瓷晶粒生长;随Co、Mn共掺杂量的增加,Curie温度TC逐渐升高(均在635℃以上);Cole-Cole图出现2个圆弧,表明存在晶粒和晶界效应;适量Co、Mn共掺杂提高了Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15陶瓷的压电常数d33、剩余极化强度Pr、机械品质因数Qm和相对介电常数εr,降低了直流电导率σDC和介电损耗tanδ。当x=3.0时,NBT-CM-x陶瓷的综合性能最佳:d33=24pC/N,Pr=11.70μC/cm2,Qm=3 117,εr=198,tanδ=0.19%,kp=9.9%,kt=14.7%,表明该陶瓷材料具有良好的高温应用前景。     

锰掺杂对PNW-PMS-PZT压电陶瓷结构和性能的影响

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了Pb(Ni1/2W1/2)O3-Pb(Mn1/3Sb2/3)O3-Pb(Ti，Zr)O3-xMnO2压电陶瓷，分析了经1150℃烧结2h制备的陶瓷样品的相结构组成。实验结果表明：所有陶瓷样品均为钙钛矿相，未发现其它晶相。随着锰掺杂量的增加，陶瓷晶粒逐渐长大。研究了不同剂量的锰掺杂对压电陶瓷介电和压电性能的影响。结果表明：随着锰掺杂量的增加，材料逐渐变“硬”，当MnO2掺杂量少于0．2％(按质量计，下同)时，相对介电常数εr、压电常数d33和机械品质因数Qm逐渐增加，介电损耗tanδ减小；当MnO2掺杂量多于0．2％时，εr、d33和Qm逐渐降低，tanδ增加。随着锰掺杂量的增加，机电耦合系数kp和Curie温度θc逐渐减小。MnO2掺杂量为0．2％的压电陶瓷适合制作大功率压电陶瓷变压器。其压电性能为：εr=2138，tanδ=0．0058，kp=0．613，Qm=1275，d33=380pC／N和θc=205℃。     

Bi_(0.5)K_(0.5)TiO_3掺杂对0.945K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3-0.045LiSbO_3无铅压电陶瓷结构性能的影响

采用传统固相合成法合成(1-x)(0.945K0.5Na0.5NbO3-0.045LiSbO3)-x(Bi0.5K0.5TiO3)(简记为(KNN-LS)(1-x)-BKTx))无铅压电陶瓷,研究不同BKT掺入量(x=0.000,0.005,0.010,0.015,0.020,0.025,0.030)对该体系陶瓷的微观结构和压电介电性能。结果表明:x≤0.025时,均可形成单一钙钛矿结构;与KNN-LS相比,体积密度(ρ)、机械耦合系数kp、kt显著提高;d33、介电损耗tanδ、机械品质因数Qm和次级相变温度降低;当x=0.020时,样品的整体性能达到最佳值:ρ=4.239g/cm3,d33=94pC/N,kp=30.9%,kt=20.7%,tanδ=0.024,相对介电常数εT33/ε0=2468,Qm=53.95,次级相变温度降至室温以下,温度稳定性好。     

K0.5Na0.5NbO3-BaCu0.5W0.5O3无铅压电陶瓷的结构与性能

以传统固相法工艺制备(1-x)K0.5Na0.5NbO3-xBaCu0.5W0.5O3[(1-x)KNN-xBCW]无铅压电陶瓷,研究不同BCW掺量(x=0％,0.1％,0.25％,0.5％,1.0％,摩尔分数,下同)对KNN陶瓷的晶体结构和电性能的影响,结果表明:x＜0.5％时,KNN陶瓷的相结构没有改变,仍为正交相...     

Piezoelectric K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Ceramics Textured Using Needlelike K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Templates

Improved performance by texturing has become attractive in the field of lead‐free ferroelectrics, but the effect depends heavily on the degree of texture, type of preferred orientation, and whether the material is a rotator or extender ferroelectric. Here, we report on successful texturing of K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ (KNN) ceramics by alignment of needlelike KNN templates in a matrix of KNN powder using tape casting. Homotemplated grain growth of the needles was confirmed during sintering, resulting in a high degree of texture parallel to the tape casting direction (TCD) and the aligned needles. The texture significantly improved the piezoelectric response parallel to the tape cast direction, corresponding to the direction of the strongest <001>_pc orientation, while the response normal to the tape cast plane was lower than for a nontextured KNN. In situ X‐ray diffraction during electric field application revealed that non‐180° domain reorientation was enhanced by an order of magnitude in the TCD, compared to the direction normal to the tape cast plane and in the nontextured ceramic. The effect of texture in KNN is discussed with respect to possible rotator ferroelectric properties of KNN.     

Dielectric properties of some low-lead or lead-free perovskite-derived materials: Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–PbZrO3, Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–BiScO3 and Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–BiFeO3 ceramics

Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ (NBT) and its modifications are known to be new lead-free ferroelectric materials and are promising for environment friendly devices. The systems under investigation were (i) NBT (trigonal/ferroelectric)–PbZrO₃ (orthorhombic/antiferroelectric); (ii) NBT (trigonal/ferroelectric)–BiScO₃ (trigonal/paraelectric); and (iii) NBT (trigonal/ferroelectric)–BiFeO₃ (trigonal/antiferromagnetic).The lattice parameters change as expected from the respective ionic radii values. For NBT–PZ, the dielectric permittivity shows a large frequency and temperature dispersion suggesting a relaxor-like behaviour dependent on the thermal annealing of the samples. For NBT–BS, the Curie temperature increases with BS content as well as the diffuseness of the phase transition, connected with the introduced disorder. For NBT–BF, the overall behaviour of the permittivity of NBT is maintained up to 50% BF but anomalies of the permittivity appeared close to 600 °C, which might be connected with the onset of magnetic influence for high BF content.     

Thermally-stable large strain in Bi(Mn0.5Ti0.5)O3 modified 0.8Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.2Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 ceramics

(1-x)[0.8Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.2Bi_0.5K_0.5TiO₃]-xBi(Mn_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃ (x = 0–0.06, BNKMT100x) lead-free ferroelectric ceramics were prepared via solid state reaction method. Bi(Mn_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃ induces a structure transition from rhombohedral-tetragonal morphotropic phases to pseudo-cubic phase. Moreover, the wide range of compositions within x = 0.03–0.055 exhibit large strain of 0.31%–0.41% and electrostrictive coefficient of 0.027–0.041 m⁴/C². Especially, at x = 0.04, the large strain and electrostrictive coefficient are nearly temperature-independent in the range of 25–100 °C. The impedance analysis shows the large strain and electrostrictive coefficient originate from polar nanoregions response due to the addition of Bi(Mn_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃.     

Electrical properties and relaxor phase evolution of Nb-Modified Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-Bi0.5K0.5TiO3-SrTiO3 lead-free ceramics

In this work, the crystalline phase, domain structure, and electrical properties of [Bi_0.5(Na_0.84K_0.16)_0.5]_0.96Sr_0.04Ti_1-xNb_xO₃ (x = 0.010–0.030) ceramics are investigated. Increasing the Nb content induces the phase transition from coexistent rhombohedral and tetragonal phases to a single pseudo-cubic phase, and the lamellar ferroelectric domains evolve into polar nanoregions. Decreased ferroelectric-to-relaxor transition temperature and enhanced frequency dispersion are found in the temperature-dependent dielectric constant and loss, implying a transition from the non-ergodic to ergodic relaxor state. The Nb substitution significantly degrades the long-range ferroelectric order with sharply decreased piezoelectric coefficients from ? 140 to ? 1 pC/N. However, a large strain of 0.32% at 5 kV/mm (normalized strain of 640 pm/V) is obtained around the critical composition of x = 0.0225. The composition of x = 0.030 shows good temperature insensitivity of the strain response, characterized by 308 pm/V with less than 15% reduction from 25 °C to 125 °C.     

Enhanced energy storage properties of BiAlO3 modified Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 lead-free antiferroelectric ceramics

Lead-free (1−x)(0.75Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃–0.25Bi_0.5K_0.5TiO₃)–xBiAlO₃ (BNT–BKT–100xBA, x=0–0.10) ceramics were prepared by two-step sintering method and their phase structure, micro morphology and electrical properties were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates a pure perovskite phase for x≤0.06 as well as a structural evolution from a tetragonal toward a pseudocubic phase. Transmission electron microscopy study of the x=0.04 composition reveals the existence of antiferroelectric phase with a⁰a⁰c⁺ oxygen octahedron tilting which is in the form of nano-domains. Polarization-electric field and current-electric field hysteresis loops demonstrate that the increase of BA concentration destroys the ferroelectric order and strengthens antiferroelectric order. A much enhanced energy storage density of 1.15 J/cm³ and efficiency of 73.2% is achieved under 105 kV/cm at x=0.06. In addition, its energy storage property is found to depend weakly on temperature within the measurement range of 25–150 °C.     

CeO2掺杂钛酸铋钠钾陶瓷的制备工艺与介电性能

为了进一步探索合成工艺对钛酸铋钠系无铅材料的结构及介电特性的影响,本文以甘氨酸为燃料,利用固相-燃烧法制备了CeO2掺杂的Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-Bi0.5K0.5TiO3 (BNKT)陶瓷.XRD表明,在固相合成工艺中引入燃烧法制备BNKT陶瓷,比传统固相法降低预烧温度150 ℃,掺杂的CeO2扩散进入了BNKT钙钛矿的晶格,且当掺杂量为0%~0.3%时,形成纯的钙钛矿相结构;SEM表明,CeO2掺杂使晶粒尺寸趋于平均,对晶粒生长有抑制作用;介电温谱表明,随着CeO2掺杂量增加,介电常数εr和退极化温度Td、相转变温度Tm降低,介电反常峰逐渐弱化,且室温至300 ℃,介电损耗tanδ始终在0.3%以下,并从微结构缺陷空位形成机制角度,结合铁电畴壁运动状态,分析讨论了对材料介电特性的作用规律.     

Raman spectroscopy of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3

We have measured the Raman spectra of bismuth sodium titanate in its rhombohedral, tetragonal, and cubic phases, with special attention paid to the phase transitions at 584K and 837K (heating). Both transitions appear to be order-disorder and strongly first order, with large thermal hysteresis. The phonon spectra at temperature slightly below the tetragonal phase are remarkably similar to BaTiO₃ with A₁(To) modes at 130, 269, and 541 cm^-1 (compared with 170, 270, 520 cm^-1 in BaTiO₃) and an E(TO) at 52 cm^-1.     

Enhanced pyroelectric response from domain-engineered lead-free (K0.5Bi0.5TiO3-BaTiO3)-Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 ferroelectric ceramics

Enhanced pyroelectric response is achieved via domain engineering from [001] grain-oriented, tetragonal-phase, lead-free 0.2(2/3K_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃-1/3BaTiO₃)-0.8Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ (KBT-BT-NBT) ceramics prepared by a templated grain growth method. The [001] crystallographic orientation leads to large polarization in tetragonal symmetry; therefore, texturing along this direction is employed to enhance the pyroelectricity. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a Lotgering factor (degree of texturing) of 93 % along the [001] crystallographic direction. The textured KBT-BT-NBT lead-free ceramics showed comparable pyroelectric figures of merit to those of lead-based ferroelectric materials at room temperature (RT). In addition to the enhanced pyroelectric response at RT, an enormous enhancement in the pyroelectric response (from 1750 to 90,900 μC m^?2 K^?1) was achieved at the depolarization temperature because of the sharp ferroelectric to antiferroelectric phase transition owing to coherent 180° domain switching. These results will motivate the development of a wide range of lead-free pyroelectric devices, such as thermal sensors and infra-red detectors.     

Characterization of multiferroic PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3 and PbFe0.5Ta0.5O3 ceramics derived from citrate polymeric precursors

Ceramics of the perovskite multiferroics PbFe_0.5Nb_0.5O₃ (PFN) and PbFe_0.5Ta_0.5O₃ (PFT) were synthesized from new citrate polymeric precursors. X-ray tests pointed to trace amounts of the pyrochlore phase. SEM studies revealed the heterogeneous grain size distribution for PFN and the homogeneous one for PFT. Dielectric studies pointed to one diffuse T-C phase transition at 378 K for PFN and two diffuse M-T and T-C phase transitions, at 200 and 235 K, for PFT, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of PFN reveal that all ions exist in one valence state, however, with two chemical shifts for Pb²⁺. Two valence states for the majority of ions of PFT seem to be connected with a higher volume fraction of the amorphous grain-boundary phase. The electronic energy band gap for both compounds is approximately 2.8 eV. Two magnetic transitions, ie, from the paramagnetic to the antiferromagnetic phase and then to the spin-glass phase, were observed at 156 and 10 K for PFN, and at 145 and 15 K for PFT, respectively.