Numerical solution of thermo-solutal mixed convective slip flow from a radiative plate with convective boundary condition

A mathematical model for mixed convective slip flow with heat and mass transfer in the presence of thermal radiation is presented. A convective boundary condition is included and slip is simulated via the hydrodynamic slip parameter. Heat generation and absorption effects are also incorporated. The Rosseland diffusion flux model is employed. The governing partial differential conservation equations are reduced to a system of coupled, ordinary differential equations via Lie group theory method. The resulting coupled equations are solved using shooting method. The influences of the emerging parameters on dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are investigated. Increasing radiative-conductive parameter accelerates the boundary layer flow and increases temperature whereas it depresses concentration. An elevation in convection-conduction parameter also accelerates the flow and temperatures whereas it reduces concentrations. Velocity near the wall is considerably boosted with increasing momentum slip parameter although both temperature and concentration boundary layer thicknesses are decreased. The presence of a heat source is found to increase momentum and thermal boundary layer thicknesses but reduces concentration boundary layer thickness. Excellent correlation of the numerical solutions with previous non-slip studies is demonstrated. The current study has applications in bioreactor diffusion flows and high-temperature chemical materials processing systems.     

Thermodynamic analysis for a third grade fluid through a vertical channel with internal heat generation

This paper makes the thermodynamic analysis in forced convective flow of a third grade fluid through a vertical channel. Due to the reactive nature of the fluid, the effect of internal heat generation is considered and assumed to be a linear function of temperature. The coupled nonlinear dimensionless ordinary differential equations governing the fluid flow are solved by using the Adomian decomposition method(ADM). The effects of various physical parameters such as third grade material parameter, buoyancy parameter and heat generation parameter on the thermal structure of flow are presented and discussed.     

Analytical approach to entropy generation and heat transfer in CNT-nanofluid dynamics through a ciliated porous medium

The transportation of biological and industrial nanofluids by natural propulsion like cilia movement and self-generated contraction-relaxation of flexible walls has significant applications in numerous emerging technologies. Inspired by multi-disciplinary progress and innovation in this direction, a thermo-fluid mechanical model is proposed to study the entropy generation and convective heat transfer of nanofluids fabricated by the dispersion of single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNT) nanoparticles in water as the base fluid. The regime studied comprises heat transfer and steady, viscous, incompressible flow, induced by metachronal wave propulsion due to beating cilia, through a cylindrical tube containing a sparse(i.e., high permeability) homogenous porous medium. The flow is of the creeping type and is restricted under the low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximations. Slip effects at the wall are incorporated and the generalized Darcy drag-force model is utilized to mimic porous media effects. Cilia boundary conditions for velocity components are employed to determine analytical solutions to the resulting non-dimensionalized boundary value problem. The influence of pertinent physical parameters on temperature, axial velocity, pressure rise and pressure gradient, entropy generation function, Bejan number and stream-line distributions are computed numerically. A comparative study between SWCNT-nanofluids and pure water is also computed. The computations demonstrate that axial flow is accelerated with increasing slip parameter and Darcy number and is greater for SWCNT-nanofluids than for pure water. Furthermore the size of the bolus for SWCNT-nanofluids is larger than that of the pure water. The study is applicable in designing and fabricating nanoscale and microfluidics devices, artificial cilia and biomimetic micro-pumps.     

Theoretical analysis of slip flow on a rotating cone with viscous dissipation effects

This paper is concerned with the mutual effects of viscous dissipation and slip effects on a rotating vertical cone in a viscous fluid. Similarity solutions for rotating cone with wall temperature boundary conditions provides a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations which have been treated by optimal homotopy analysis method(OHAM). The obtained analytical results in comparison with the numerical ones show a noteworthy accuracy for a special case. Effects for the velocities and temperature are revealed graphically and the tabulated values of the surface shear stresses and the heat transfer rate are entered in tables. From the study it is seen that the slip parameter ? enhances the primary velocity while the secondary velocity reduces. Further it is observed that the heat transfer rate 1/2xNu Re? increases with Eckert number Ec and Prandtl number Pr.     

冰期明渠水温模型

正确模拟明渠水温是分析冰情及优化调蓄水库布局的基础.基于历史气象资料,本文提出了水体与大气热交换的线性化模型和非线性模型,这些模型包含了太阳辐射、长波辐射、蒸发和对流热交换等主要因素.建立了水体与混凝土衬砌渠道热交换的参数化模型,考虑了衬砌结构、导热性能和地温等因素的影响.在此基础上,建立了明渠一维流动水温模型,提出了...     

Electro-osmotic flow of a second-grade fluid in a porous microchannel subject to an AC electric field

Studies on electro-osmotic flows of various types of fluids in microchannel are of great importance owing to their multifold applications in the transport of liquids, particularly when the ionized liquid flows with respect to a charged surface in the presence of an external electric field. In the case of viscoelastic fluids, the volumetric flow rate differs significantly from that of Newtonian fluids, even when the flow takes place under the same pressure gradient and the same electric field. With this end in view, this paper is devoted to a study concerning the flow pattern of an electro-osmotic flow in a porous microchannel, which is under the action of an alternating electric field. The influence of various rheological and electro-osmotic parameters, e.g., the Reynolds number, Debye-Huckel parameter, shape factor and fluid viscoelasticity on the kinematics of the fluid, has been investigated for a secondgrade viscoelastic fluid. The problem is first treated by using analytical methods, but the quantitative estimates are obtained numerically with the help of the software MATHEMATICA. The results presented here are applicable to the cases where the channel height is much greater than the thickness of the electrical double layer comprising the Stern and diffuse layers. The study reveals that a larger value of the Debye-Huckel parameter creates sharper profile near the wall and also that the velocity of electro-osmotic flow increases as the permeability of the porous microchannel is enhanced. The study further shows that the electro-osmotic flow dominates at lower values of Reynolds number. The results presented here will be quite useful to validate the observations of experimental investigations on the characteristics of electro-osmotic flows and also the results of complex numerical models that are necessary to deal with more realistic situations, where electro-osmotic flows come into the picture, as in blood flow in the micro-circulatory system subject to an electric field.     

MHD flow of a visco-elastic fluid through a porous medium between infinite parallel plates with time dependent suction

This work provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of MHD unsteady free convection viscoelastic fluid flow through a porous medium. The medium is treated as incompressible and optically transparent. The flow of the fluid is initiated by shearing action of the moving wall with time dependent suction. Radiative heat flow is considered in temperature equation. The coupled nonlinear problem has been solved asymptotically. Approximate solutions have been obtained for the mean velocity, mean temperature using multi parameter perturbation technique. The originality of the present study is to investigate the effect of viscoelastic property of the fluid(Walters B? model) on the flow and heat transfer phenomena when the flow is permeated through a porous medium with uniform porous matrix subject to transverse magnetic field and time dependent fluctuative suction at the boundary surface. The case of viscous flow has been discussed as a particular case on comparison with the result reported earlier and it is in good agreement. Flow reversal is indicated incase of viscoelastic fluid with high heat capacity in the presence of magnetic field. The higher cooling of the plate in case of viscoelastic flow also causes a flow reversal.     

Couple stress fluid flow in a rotating channel with peristalsis

This article describes a new model for obtaining closed-form semi-analytical solutions of peristaltic flow induced by sinusoidal wave trains propagating with constant speed on the walls of a two-dimensional rotating infinite channel. The channel rotates with a constant angular speed about the z-axis and is filled with couple stress fluid. The governing equations of the channel deformation and the flow rate inside the channel are derived using the lubrication theory approach. The resulting equations are solved, using the homotopy perturbation method(HPM), for exact solutions to the longitudinal velocity distribution, pressure gradient, flow rate due to secondary velocity, and pressure rise per wavelength. The effect of various values of physical parameters, such as, Taylor's number and couple stress parameter, together with some interesting features of peristaltic flow are discussed through graphs. The trapping phenomenon is investigated for different values of parameters under consideration. It is shown that Taylor's number and the couple stress parameter have an increasing effect on the longitudinal velocity distribution till half of the channel, on the flow rate due to secondary velocity, and on the number of closed streamlines circulating the bolus.     

MODELING ON THE CYCLIC OPERATION OF STANDING COLUMN WELLS UNDER REGIONAL GROUNDWATER FLOW

Coupled hydrogeological-thermal simulation of the Standing Column Well(SCW) system is essential to provide an optimized configuration and operation schedule for boreholes on the site.This paper presents numerical investigations and thermo-hydraulic evaluation of standing column well system operating under cyclic flow regime.A three-dimensional numerical model for groundwater flow and heat transport is used to analyze the heat exchange in the ground.The model includes the effects of convective and conductive...     

二级垛式悬臂式挡土墙的受力与变形特征分析

为了考察剁式挡土墙的变形机理,基于有限元方法,对上下两级挡土墙尺寸相同、填土面倾斜、上下两级挡土墙相互搭接情况下二级垛式悬臂式挡土墙的土压力及填土变形进行对比分析,计算结果表明:填土侧向位移的最大值发生在上墙的墙踵板附近,下墙具有向临空面倾覆的趋势,上墙随着填土位移而产生一定的背离临空面的旋转。上墙与下墙墙踵板受到的竖向土压力均呈现非线性特征,距离墙根越近,竖向土压力越小;距离墙根越远,竖向土压力越大。二级垛式悬臂式挡土墙失稳时填土中有2个滑裂面,第一滑裂面基于下墙墙踵板根部贯穿于填土中,第二滑裂面基于上墙墙踵板根部贯穿于上部填土中。研究结果可为垛式悬臂挡土墙的设计与应用提供理论参考。     

Effects of variable fluid properties on the thin film flow of Ostwald-de Waele fluid over a stretching surface

We investigate, in this paper, the effects of thermo-physical properties on the flow and heat transfer in a thin film of a power-law liquid over a horizontal stretching surface in the presence of a viscous dissipation. The fluid properties, namely the fluid viscosity and the fluid thermal conductivity, are assumed to vary with temperature. Using a similarity transformation, the governing partial differential equations with a time dependent boundary are converted into coupled non-linear Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) with variable coefficients. Numerical solutions of the coupled ODEs are obtained by a finite difference scheme known as the Keller-box method. Results for the velocity and temperature distributions are presented graphically for different values of the pertinent parameters. The effects of unsteady parameter on the skin friction, the wall temperature gradient and the film thickness are presented and analyzed for zero and non-zero values of the temperature-dependent thermo-physical properties. The results obtained reveal many interesting features that warrant further study on the non-Newtonian thin film fluid flow phenomena, especially the shear-thinning phenomena.     

PERIODICAL PRESSURE-DRIVEN FLOWS IN MICROCHANNEL WITH WALL SLIP VELOCITY AND ELECTRO-VISCOUS EFFECTS

In a microfluidic system, the flow slip velocity on a solid wall can be the same order of magnitude as the average velocity in the microchannel. The flow-electricity interaction in a complex microfluidic system subjected to a joint action of wall slip and electro-viscosity is an important topic. An analytical solution for the periodical pressure-driven flow in a two-dimensional uniform microchannel, with consideration of wall slip and electro-viscous effect is obtained based on the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the Electric Double Layer (EDL) and the Navier-Stokes equations for the liquid flow. The analytic solutions agree well with the numerical solutions. The analytical results indicate that the periodical flow velocity and the Flow-Induced Electric Field (FIEF) strongly depend on the frequency Reynolds number (Re = ωh²/v), that is a function of the frequency, the channel size and the kinetic viscosity of fluids. For Re<1 the flow velocity and the FIEF behave similarly to those in a steady flow, whereas they decrease rapidly with Re as Re>1. In addition, the electro-viscous effect greatly influences the periodical flow velocity and the FIEF, particularly, when the electrokinetic radius κH is small. Furthermore, the wall slip velocity amplifies the FIEF and enhances the electro-viscous effect on the flow.     

墙体传热对流辐射比例的特性研究

利用实验室墙体内壁敷设电热膜模拟实际墙体传热,通过表面热流计获得该壁面的总传热量,通过有效辐射计算方法和热平衡方法获得墙体净辐射热量和对流换热量,由此达到对流热量和辐射热量分离的目的。论文通过实验结果探讨墙体传热中对流辐射分离比例与墙体传热量、房间换气次数以及传热墙体附近气流形式的关联。结果表明:对流辐射分离中,对流比例受墙体传热量和换气次数的影响不大;受传热墙体附近气流形式影响很大,送风口下墙体传热量中对流比例远大于回风口下墙体传热量中的对流比例。     

Numerical analysis of shell-side flow-induced vibration of elastic tube bundle in heat exchanger

The responses of the flow-induced vibration of an elastic tube bundle subjected to the shell-side cross flow are investigated in this paper. The weak coupling method and the fluid solid interface are used to solve the fluid-structure interaction problem with consideration of the geometry and physical natures. The effects of the shell-side fluid flow velocity and the structural parameters on the flow-induced vibration are discussed. Numerical results demonstrate that the vibration frequency and amplitude at the monitor points increase with the increase of the shell-side water inlet velocity in all directions. The wall thickness and the external diameter of the elastic tube bundle have significant effects on the responses of the flow-induced vibration. The structural parameters affect the vibration frequency and amplitude, and the vibration equilibrium position in the water flow direction. The vibration frequency decreases with the increase of the tube external diameter. In addition, the vibration in the water flow direction has a lower equilibrium position when the elastic tube bundle has a larger wall thickness or smaller external diameter.     

The viscoelastic effects on thermal convection of an Oldroyd-B fluid in open-top porous media

The effects of two viscoelastic parameters on the thermal convection of a viscoelastic Oldroyd-B fluid in an open-top porous square box with constant heat flux are investigated. The results show that the increase of relaxation time is able to destabilize the fluid flow leading to a higher heat transfer rate, while the increase of retardation time tends to stabilize the flow and suppress the heat transfer. The flow bifurcation appears earlier with the increase of the relaxation time and the decrease of the retardation time, resulting in more complicated flow patterns in the porous medium.     

泵站技术供水盘管冷却器布置与换热面积计算

根据泵站工程特点,利用置于天然水体中进行冷却的盘管冷却器组成的密闭循环供水系统,是一种节能、可靠的技术供水方式。依据传热学理论对盘管冷却器传热原理进行分析后,提出不同安装形式的冷却盘管换热面积计算公式。研究发现,当盘管处于静止水体中且以自然对流传热为主而利用水体容量带走热量时,所需盘管的换热面积最大;当盘管处于流动水体中且以强制对流传热为主而利用水体流动带走热量时,所需盘管换热面积较小;采取加大管道内部热流体或管道外部冷却水体流速代射,可以减少换热面积,但需相应增加管道安装要求和运行成本;为节省投资、延长使用寿命,盘管换热材料建议采用不锈钢材质。     

黄河下游高含沙水流基本特性与输沙能力

采用理论研究和实测资料分析方法对黄河下游高含沙水流的基本特性进行了系统分析,得出黄河下游高含沙水流多属于两相非均质流,与一般含沙水流具有相同的运动规律的结论。采用达西阻力公式形式,给出了适用于黄河下游高含沙水流的悬移运动阻力坡降及推移运动阻力坡降计算方法。黄河下游高含沙水流经常处于不平衡输沙状态,这种不平衡输沙条件下的河段排沙比大小不能反映平衡输沙条件下的河段输沙能力。因此,探讨了河段纵坡J、横断面参数M及泥沙粗细组成对输沙能力的影响,给出了以河道形态参数表达的河道输沙能力关系。分别以花园口河段和艾山河段为代表分析了黄河下游上、下河段输沙能力大小的沿程变化,发现相同流量下,上段河道输沙能力为下段河道的1.3~1.4倍。本文成果对研究黄河下游高含沙洪水处理对策及水库调水调沙运用的效果具有一定理论意义和实际价值。     

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS OF THREE DIMENSIONAL MIXING OF NATURAL GAS AND AIR

This study presents the numerical results for the three-dimensional natural gas-air mixing in a rectangular subsonic channel under the standard datum state. The lower and upper decomposition method was employed to obtain the solutions of the full Navier-Stokes equations capable of describing compressible fluid mixing. Grid was generated by the area orthogonal technique. The results indicate that three-dimensional mixing between Natural Gas (NG) and air has more complicated compressible waves around the injection nozzle,The presence of injection with large speed can suppress the boundary separation happened occurring at the top wall due to the channel expansion, but makes the near-wake flow more complicated. The mixing region can be widened by increasing the injection speed. The recurrence of the vortex structure and the coherent structure can be found from the full Navier-Stokes simulation. It can be concluded that the increase in the injection velocity can improve the effectiveness of mixing of NG and air in the near wake of the injectors.     

管间距对通道内竖直排列水平双管自然对流的影响

分析了管间距对圆管自然对流的影响,为解决河道热扩散问题提供理论依据,具有实际的应用价值。抽象出通道内竖直排列水平双管的模型,采用SIMPLE算法模拟了不同管间距下的自然对流现象。结果表明:随着管间距S的增大,两管之间的流动逐渐增强,上管的换热明显增强,Ra越大,增强效果越明显。此外,研究了管间距S对烟囱效应的影响。结果表明:随着S的增大,流经通道的流体流量增加,即烟囱效应增强。     

Flow,thermal criticality and transition of a reactive third-grade fluid in a pipe with Reynolds' model viscosity

Neglecting the consumption of the material, a steady incompressible flow of an exothermic reacting third-grade fluid with viscous heating in a circular cylindrical pipe is numerically studied for both cases of constant viscosity and Reynolds' viscosity model. The coupled ordinary differential equations governing the flow in cylindrical coordinates, are transformed into dimensionless forms using appropriate transformations, and then solved numerically. Solutions using Maple are presented in tabular form and given in terms of dimensionless central fluid velocity and temperature, skin friction and heat transfer rate for three parametric values in the Reynolds' case. The numerical results for the velocity and temperature fields are also presented through graphs. Bifurcations are discussed using shooting method. Comparisons are also made between the present results and those of previous work, and thus verify the validity of the provided numerical solutions. Important properties of thermal criticality are provided for variable viscosity parameter and reaction order. Further numerical results are presented in the form of tables and graphs for transition of physical parameters, while varying certain flow and fluid material parameters. Also, the flow behaviour of the reactive fluid of third-grade is compared with those of the Newtonian reactive fluid.