铂族金属催化剂回收技术及发展动态

铂族金属失效催化剂是铂族金属二次资源的重要来源,综述了失效的汽车尾气催化剂和石化催化剂的回收技术现状,以及各种回收技术的优缺点,并对铂族金属失效催化剂提取冶金技术发展动态趋势进行介绍.     

The recovery of metals from electronic scrap

Most of the published literature on the recycling of scrapped electronic devices is listed in chronological order in Table I. In the 1970s and early to mid-1980s, the predominant method of recycling was blast furnace smelting in conjunction with secondary copper or lead smelters. Since the mid-1980s, the trend has shifted toward the hydrometallurgical processing of scrap. The emphasis has always been on the recovery of precious metals, namely gold, silver, platinum and palladium, from electronic scrap for their obvious economic values. In recent years, greater importance has been placed on the recovery of all metals, including low-concentration metals such as cadmium, because of increasingly strict environmental controls. The electronic scrap recycling program of the 1990s will ha ve to meet many objectives—efficient recovery of all metals, strict effluent and emission controls, the use of nontoxic reagents, maximum recycling of chemical reagents, and minimum energy requirements—in an economical and environmentally safe manner.     

失效汽车尾气催化剂中铂族金属回收的研究进展

失效汽车尾气催化剂是回收铂族金属(铂、钯、铑)的重要二次资源。本文介绍了失效汽车尾气催化剂中铂族金属的回收工艺流程,包括失效催化剂预处理、铂族金属富集、分离与精炼三部分;详细介绍了两种高效预处理技术、两种富集方法以及四种分离与精炼工艺,总结了各种方法的原理、工艺流程、优缺点及改进方向。回收企业应根据回收规模和环保政策采用合适的回收工艺,以实现不同回收工艺之间的优势互补,未来需重点研发回收率高且环境友好的清洁回收工艺。     

Recycling light metals from end-of-life vehicle

The amount of aluminum used in cars and light trucks is growing steadily. However, without new developments in aluminum recycling technologies, sheet from automotive aluminum could eventually flood all current markets for recycled aluminum. This article summarizes the use of light metals and different alloys in transportation applications, the current auto recycling system, and new developments in the sorting of light metals by the metal recycling industry and by Huron Valley Steel Corporation, the world’s largest non-ferrous scrap sorter. For more information, contact A. Gesing, Huron Valley Steel Corporation, 41000 Huron River Drive, Belleville, Michigan 48111; (734) 697-6313; fax (734) 697-3420; e-mail gesinga@hvsc.net.     

环境材料中的有色合金

介绍了环境材料的概念,并阐述了以铝合金和钛合金为代表的有色金属作为环境材料在汽车、宇宙航空、深海开发和超高层大厦中的应用优点,同时还指出有色金属要作为环境材料应用,必须注意回归自然、再循环利用和低环境负担,这是设计生产有色金属及其合金、复合材料所必须包含的因素     

Recent technology and trends in automotive recycling

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, increasing public concern in the United States about automobile graveyards resulted in the development of current automobile recycling technology. However, due to changes in automobile manufacturing practices, the future applicability of existing automobile recycling technology is uncertain. This paper reviews the technological and political trends as they relate to the recycle of automobiles. Recycling practices for steel, aluminum, lead, and platinum-group metals are outlined, and research efforts on alternative approaches are discussed.     

离子交换技术在铂族金属富集、分离提纯中的应用

离子交换法是铂族金属湿法冶金中一项很有应用前景的绿色环保技术,与传统的化学沉淀法和溶剂萃取法相比有很多优势,因此在铂族金属的分离提纯中得到了广泛的应用。针对铂族金属二次资源回收,介绍了阳离子交换树脂在铂族金属与贱金属分离中的工业应用和阴离子交换树脂在铂族金属富集、分离提纯中的研究及应用;同时也对分子识别技术在铂族金属分离提纯领域的应用做了简要的介绍。     

A study on comprehensive recycling of waste diamond tools

This article puts forward a new method of recycling materials in diamond tools comprehensively and efficiently by means of analyzing and summarizing various methods of recycling waste diamond tools.After the waste diamond tools were decomposed in a mixed acid,metals contained in it went into solution in their ionic forms,while diamond and tungsten carbide particles formed into residues to be reclaimed.The amounts of metal ions in the leaching solution were adjusted according to the contents of metals in the diamond tools;then,the leaching solution was co-precipitated using oxalic acid as precipitation agent,and ammonia water was added to adjust the pH value of the oxalic acid.Under the right conditions,the comprehensive precipitation rate of metals reached above 98%.Finally,ultrafine pre-alloy powder was obtained by hydrogen reduction of oxalate.     

废旧金属再生利用的探讨

我国的资源再生情况不容乐观。据预测,我国每年约有500万吨废钢铁、20多万吨废旧有色金属、200万吨废纸、100万吨废塑料、400万吨废化纤以及700万吨废玻璃、废旧电子产品等大量废弃物随垃圾丢弃而没有被回收利用。     

Using mechanical processing in recycling printed wiring boards

tAs the number of electronic products in use increases, so does the need to dispose of defective and obsolete equipment, including printed circuit boards. The utilization of mechanical processing in recycling this type of waste enables recovery of the metals and allows components to be separated for proper waste disposal. Mechanical processing allows the recovery of 80% of the metals in printed circuit boards, especially copper, which represents approximately 75% of the metallic fraction.     

Review on Comprehensive Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Electrode Materials of Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries

在废电池中含有大量有价金属,如镍、钴、稀土元素等。从废电池材料中回收有价金属不仅能保护环境,还能利用资源并能降低电池生产成本。与其他电池类似,任意丢弃废镍氢电池将导致严重污染,因而从废弃镍氢电池中回收有价金属的意义重大。本文综述了废弃镍氢电池回收问题,并详细介绍了几种回收技术。此外,展望了从镍氢电池废弃电极材料中综合回收有价金属的前景。     

Leaching studies for metals recovery from waste printed wiring boards

The leaching behavior of most metals present in printed wiring boards is evaluated, aiming at its recycling by hydrometallurgy. Two leaching reagents (nitric acid and aqua regia) are compared. The effects of acid concentration, particle size of sample, leaching time, and temperature are examined. The results reveal that small particle size and a combination of both nitric acid and aqua regia are capable of dissolving most of the metals content of printed wiring boards.     

Recycling policy in the european union

Recycling in the European Union (EU) has benefited from R&D efforts and strict environmental regulations of the EU’s members. Thanks to the adoption of sustainable development policies by the EU’s European Institutions, economic incentives are expected to further strengthen the recycling industry. Moreover, the historical accumulation of non-ferrous metals in Europe will likely enhance secondary metal production. Also contributing to EU recycling is mining in East European countries and the resulting industrial waste. The rate of growth of the recycling industry is expected to approach double digits for at least this decade. For more information, contact I. Gaballah, LEM, ENSG, INPL, BP 40, 54501 Vandoeuvre, France; +33-383-596-336; fax +33-383-569-585; e-mail lbrahim.Gaballay@ensg.inpl-nancy.fr.     

Silver cycles: The stocks and flows project, part 3

The quantitative assessment of the flows of materials from resource extraction to final disposal informs resource policy, energy planning, environmental science, and waste management. This article reports the technological cycles of silver worldwide and in representative countries for 1997. Most silver is produced in conjunction with other metals; only a quarter of world production is from silver ore. Industrial applications account for 40% of silver use. While about a third of world use goes into jewelry, tableware, and the arts, silver cycles through the world economy to recycling faster than metals such as copper and zinc. Despite decreasing use in photography, demand for silver continues to increase.     

铂族金属二次资源火法回收技术现状及进展

从铂族金属二次资源中回收铂族金属,对于解决我国铂族金属的供需矛盾及可持续发展具有重要意义。火法工艺回收在工业生产上应用多、技术较成熟。本文详细总结了火法回收铂族金属工艺研究进展,其中以铅、铜、铁、锍等金属捕集法在工业上应用较多、技术较成熟,其中铁捕集法、铜捕集法回收率高、发展前景广阔;高温氯化挥发法对设备要求高、产生有毒气体;焚烧法仅适用于处理炭质载体催化剂;未来需针对火法回收工艺中存在的相关问题进行深入基础研究,同时开发高效清洁回收新方法,实现我国铂族金属二次资源的高效清洁循环利用。     

Global warming and the primary metals industry

The case for global warming due to anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases is compelling, but its quantitative effects are still scientifically unproven. Today, the U.S. primary metals industry’s carbon emissions account for slightly less than one percent of the global total. Further reductions are possible through the implementation of existing energy conservation measures, through more extensive recycling, and by the development and implementation of alternative processing technologies.     

等离子熔炼技术富集铂族金属工艺初探

总结了等离子熔炼技术在贵金属二次资源回收领域的工业应用情况,介绍了等离子熔炼工艺流程和等离子熔炼尾气的处理过程,并对铁捕集铂族金属的原理进行了初步分析。通过一定规模的工业试验得到了等离子熔炼铁捕集技术从二次资源物料中富集铂族金属的初步工艺条件,铂、钯的回收率达到98%,铑的回收率达到97%以上,证明了等离子熔炼铁捕集技术富集铂族金属具有环境友好、铂族金属回收率高、物料适应性广等优点。     

Opportunities and Barriers to Resource Recovery and Recycling from Shredder Residue in the United States

Shredder residue is the by-product remaining after ferrous and nonferrous metals have been recovered from the processing of vehicles, white goods, and peddler scrap. Shredder residue consists of glass, plastics, rubber, dirt, and small amounts of metal. It is estimated that 5–7 million tons of this shredder residue are landfilled each year in the United States. Technical advancements, coupled with European Union directives and the economic climate, have transformed the recycling of shredder residue in Europe. In the United States, however, regulatory controls and the cheap cost of landfill have worked against the advancement of recycling and recovery of this resource. The Argonne National Laboratory, which is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, has investigated the effectiveness of recycling shredder residue into polymers. Other research has examined the use of shredder residue in waste-to-energy applications. To improve our ability to process and recycle shredder residue, an investigation of the regulatory, economic, and technological challenges was undertaken. The objective was to conduct a comprehensive review of work done to date, to document the composition of typical shredder output and to identify potential recoverable items (residual metals, plastics, rubber, foam, etc.). Along with uncovering potential new markets, the research would identify the technical, regulatory, and economic barriers to developing those markets.     

不锈钢电弧炉粉尘直接还原回收工艺研究

电弧炉粉尘巳被列为有害废物，直接还原回收粉尘中有价金属不仅可保护环境，而且可充分利用宝贵的金属资源。采用中频感应电炉模拟电弧炉冶炼工艺进行了A、B、C和D系列实验研究。通过气体成分的检测、钢锭和炉渣的成分分析，了解工艺参数对还原过程的影响，认为电弧炉粉尘直接还原回收工艺切实可行，不影响钢产品质量，为该新工艺的生产实践提供了依据。