多协议标签交换网络的OAM机制研究与实现

多协议标签交换技术MPLS是可扩展的下一代网络的关键承载技术,为了保障其传输数据质量不依赖于其他服务层,需为其提供独立的OAM机制。文中基于Y.1711协议分析MPLSOAM的基本功能及实现。重点研究MPLSOAM报文传输功能,通过在系统中添加OAM报文转发模块实现,从而对MPLS网络数据平面缺陷的进行检测及定位,及时通知入节点进行保护倒换以维护网络高可用性、降低运营成本。     

MPLS网络中的OAM

网络操作、管理与维护（OAM）在公用网中非常重要,它能够提高网络可靠性,简化操作,降低网络运行成本。本讨论了在MPLS（多协议标记交换）网络中通过OAM数据包来实现OAM功能的方法,并在分析网络管理需求的前提下,提出了几种在MPLS层实现OAM功能的方案,展望了MPLS OAM标准的发展方向。     

Network high availability for ethernet services using IP/MPLS networks

Enterprises are increasingly using Ethernet as the foundation for transforming their networks to Internet Protocol. Simultaneously, service providers are deploying Ethernet to exploit the demand for wide-area Ethernet services and as the infrastructure for new residential services such as IPTV. This is due to Ethernet's low cost per bit and ubiquity in local area networks. Recent years have seen the widespread deployment of IP/MPLS networks to address this opportunity. IP/MPLS enables enhanced flexibility over the same converged network for IP and legacy services, avoiding the need to build separate per-service networks. It also adds carrier- grade capabilities such as quality of service, traffic engineering, and resiliency, thereby enabling new multipoint services such as virtual private LAN service. However, using Ethernet for ";always-on"; and other mission-critical services has resulted in new resiliency requirements, in both the access and the network core. Two novel developments address these high expectations by enabling significant improvements in service availability. These are pseudowire redundancy and Ethernet multi-chassis link aggregation. This article reviews the current redundancy mechanisms typically deployed in Ethernet and MPLS networks. We show how additional enhancements are required in both the network core and the access to the Ethernet service. We describe new pseudowire redundancy and MC- LAG mechanisms, showing how they work together to enable end-to-end protection for Ethernet virtual private wire services and VPLS.     

OAM mechanisms for BISDN UNI and access networks

This paper clarifies operation and maintenance (OAM) requirements for broadband integrated services digital network (BISDN) customer access systems including user-network interface (UNI), and proposes basic OAM mechanisms. Access networks employ a logical networking architecture based on the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) virtual path (VP) concept to provide all services efficiently, economically. Services are independent of the network's physical configuration. Thus, OAM functions for the access network are required to support physical and ATM layer capabilities. UNI physical performance and failure information flows to ensure user service quality are described. A fault localization mechanism is introduced that determines whether the failure lies on the network provider side or customer side. It uses failure information flows and loop back testing at the network terminator 1 (NT1). As connection-related virtual path connection (VPC) availability indication is necessary for user-to-network applications and user-to-user applications, two alternative VPC-related availability indication mechanisms are studied. Furthermore, basic performance monitoring mechanisms for ATM layer are described.     

Monitoring and control of ATM networks using special cells

This article describes a framework for monitoring and controlling ATM networks based on the use of management cells. By management cells we refer to a broad class of special cells that circulate around the network to perform a variety of useful functions for monitoring and optimizing the operation of the network. The proposed framework includes current ATM-layer OAM (operations and maintenance) methods as well as new mechanisms for more sophisticated long-term network management. This article explores various existing and new uses of management cells for performance monitoring, traffic control, fault management, and network administration     

Convergence of Protection and Restoration in Telecommunication Networks

This paper argues for the need for convergence of protection and restoration schemes in today's telecommunication networks. Such networks are presented both in a layered context and from an end-to-end perspective. Such convergence is both necessary to ensure inter-working amongst a multitude of technologies deployed and desirable to ensure simplified operations. This paper further identifies the issues and inter-working items that need resolution in today's telecommunication and data networks in order to achieve inter working amongst various existing and emerging restoration and protection schemes in a layered and end-to-end context. End-to-end context covers the access, metro, and long haul dimensions of the network. It also encompasses both the services and the transport layers of the network in the context of multi-domain, multi service provider networks. Layering issues arise from the mix of technologies at several layers for example: optical transmission and CWDM/DWDM at physical layer, SONET/SDH framing and management at layer-1, ATM, MPLS, Ethernet, and resilient packet rings at layer-2, and finally IP and routing protocols at layer-3. Given that some degree of routing and signaling intelligence is migrating down to the optical layer equipment, this whole layering concept is currently in transition. This paper shows the need for convergence in the form of a two level protection and restoration scheme. A service independent layer and a mesh restoration capability at the routing layer.     

AT&T's MPLS OAM architecture, experience, and evolution

This article provides an overview of AT&T's MPLS OAM architecture, and gives examples of operational experience. Hallmarks of the architecture are a single, converged, and integrated MPLS/optical network, and the evolution to fully automated, zero-touch network operation. The concept of one converged IP/MPLS architecture will reduce operations, development, and capital costs. The concept of zero aims to bring full automation for every human-to-computer interaction currently required for setting up and maintaining network services, delivering services to customers in real time with zero defects and cycle time, and supporting both a network as well as an operational environment with six nines reliability. This approach effectively opens the network to the customer, enabling new levels of customer network management, service creation, and ordering, and empowering enterprise customers with the tools to create their own network services as they transform their own internal networks. In the article we describe AT&T's MPLS-enabled services, the corresponding MPLS operations architecture (including MPLS MIBs), our MPLS OAM operational experience, and MPLS OAM evolution needs for MPLS MIB enhancements and new network capabilities. By applying technologies such as artificial intelligence, self-healing/self-identifying network elements, expert systems, rules-based processes, and automatic speech recognition, the architecture will migrate from a predictive network that monitors, correlates, and recommends action; to an adaptive network that monitors, correlates, and takes action; to a cybernated network that has integrated components that dynamically manage by business rules and policies. We give several examples of how AT&T is already investing in and implementing this future vision, and conclude by challenging network researchers, developers, and key industry players to apply new technologies in fully realizing the operational vision.     

MPLS网络的OAM功能研究与实现

首先结合MPLS的协议参考模型阐述了操作与维护(OAM)在MPLS网络中的地位、作用;其次,结合协议Y.1710和Y.1711,对OAM的数据格式和OAM的机制进行了介绍;最后对综合业务交换机中OAM软件的实现模型、内部外部接口进行了说明,并对OAM软件的4个主要模块:维护控制模块、连通性管理模块、故障管理模块和性能管理模块的功能实现进行了详细地说明。     

Network architecture for optical path transport networks

This paper proposes a new layered transport network architecture on which the WDM optical path network can be effectively created. The optical path network will play a key role in the development of the transport network that will realize the bandwidth-abundant B-ISDN. This paper extends the layered transport network architecture described in ITU-T Recommendation G.803 which is applied in existing SDH networks. First, we elucidate an application example of WDM optical path networks. Next, we propose a new layered architecture for WDM-based transport networks that retains maximum commonality with the layered architectures developed for existing B-ISDN networks. The proposed architecture is composed of circuit layer networks, electrical path layer networks, optical layer networks, and physical media (fiber) networks. The optical layer is divided into an optical path layer and an optical section layer. The optical path layer accommodates electrical paths. Optical section layer networks are divided into optical multiplex section (OMS) layer networks and optical repeater section (ORS) layer networks. The OMS layer network is concerned with the end-to-end transfer of information between locations transferring or terminating optical paths, whereas the ORS layer is concerned with the transfer of information between individual optical repeaters. Finally, a detailed functional block model of WDM optical path networks, the function allocation of each layer, and an optical transport module (OTM) are developed     

T-MPLS分组传送技术

T-MPLS是一种基于MPLS的面向连接的分组传送技术,它为下一代传送网提供了一种统一的全业务解决方案.本文首先对T-MPLS的国际标准化进程进行了介绍,然后根据ITU-T和IETF相关建议和国内外的研究趋势,对这种新兴的分组传送技术——T-MPLS的体系结构、信号适配与传输、OAM和生存性方面取得的成果和存在的问题进行了阐述.     

Operation, administration, and maintenance in MPLS networks

The boundaries between packet and circuit networks have long disappeared, with many traditional circuit-switched applications such as voice and video now being carried over packet-switched IP/MPLS or Ethernet networks. However, this transition has happened so fast that many OAM functions supported by circuit-switched networks such as SONET/SDH are still unmatched in packet networks. In order to match the quality sustained by circuit-switched networks, OAM functions must also be developed for such packet networks. A number of recent efforts have started to address OAM functions for IP/MPLS and Ethernet packet technologies. Service providers and carriers alike are the driving force behind the work, as there is general recognition that to generate sustained revenues, services must be efficiently managed. In this article we discuss issues in providing OAM features and capabilities for MPLS-based packet networks.     

ATM in MPLS-based converged core data networks

Services supported by asynchronous transfer mode account for the majority of data and Internet service revenues generated by carrier networks today. This is based on ATM's ability to support high availability services with quality of service. However, the influences of the Internet and a highly dynamic telecommunications market have raised demands for increased flexibility while controlling costs. Therefore, future carrier networks are likely to continue to be based on established technologies, such as ATM, as well as IP. In many cases, this is achieved through maintaining separate ATM and IP core networks, with the IP network supporting Internet services, while the ATM network continues to support guaranteed services such as private lines, broadband access, and video. In some cases, however, it can be advantageous for a carrier to transport segments of their ATM network over their IP network core; for example, to transport ATM traffic currently carried on leased facilities onto an IP network where the service provider owns the facilities. Developments in IP and MPLS-based traffic engineering and QoS may increase the ability of IP-based networks to support ATM services using MPLS. This article provides an overview of approaches enabling a network based on MPLS that naturally supports IP services to also support ATM services. The drivers and requirements for convergence on an IP/MPLS core network are presented, followed by an overview of the different approaches and associated challenges currently being debated in the standards bodies.     

Implementation of IPv6 services over a GMPLS-based IP/optical network

In recent days, there has been considerable interest in deploying IPv6-based services. Trial and commercial IPv6 services offering has already begun, especially in Japan, Korea, China, and other parts of the world. At the same time, many service providers have embraced MPLS as the enabler for the required multiservice capabilities of their next-generation packet networks. Also, the widespread deployment of DWDM-based optical transport systems in the core network to satisfy the tremendous need and increase in capacity demand has led network planners to reconsider traditional approaches to provisioning and network restoration, and plan integration of the optical layer into the MPLS infrastructure according to the emerging GMPLS technology. The purpose of this article is to discuss next-generation network architecture evolution and present a detailed architecture for transport of emerging IPv6 services and applications over next-generation GMPLS multiservice backbone networks. This article also presents an implementation and demonstration of this technique for IPv6 transport over a GMPLS backbone network as well as interoperability verification of IPv6 and GMPLS using a GMPLS network testbed.     

MPLS网络中的OAM机制

随着许多传统的基于电路交换的应用被放到基于包交换的IP／MPLS网络或者以太网上进行传输，包交换网络和电路交换网络之间的界限逐渐消失。为了提供和电路交换网络相同的QoS保证，包交换网络中也必须具备相同的OAM功能。首先对现有的基于IP的OAM功能做一介绍，然后就基于MPLS的包交换网络中如何提供OAM功能进行分析，最后讨论近期有关MPLS网络中OAM功能的一些建议。     

OAM and its performance monitoring mechanisms for carrier ethernet transport networks

Ethernet technology is rapidly gaining importance as it becomes a dominant solution for a converged transport network. Ethernet OAM features defined in standards provide a means of performance improvement to meet carrier-class transport network requirements. This article outlines Ethernet OAM functions and mechanisms, and explains how its performance monitoring schemes work. In addition, this article introduces open issues and their potential solutions in the performance monitoring of Ethernet OAM for the next phase of standardization.     

Layered Fault Management Scheme for End-to-end Transmission in Internet of Things

Internet of things (IoT) points out an inspiring road towards intelligent world of real-time information collection and interaction among people and entities. It may provide various applications by connecting all the existing communication networks. To ensure the reliability of end-to-end transmission in the hierarchical environments, fault management is of great importance. Current relative algorithms are designed for specific network, not suited to these complex conditions. Meanwhile, the utilization of existing facilities should be considered for implementation feasibility. In this paper, we propose a layered fault management scheme for IoT with uniform fault managing procedure control and separate layer functions. Flexible and effective monitoring model would be set in selected observing points around the networks. Advanced fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) is adopted to realize integrated evaluation and prediction of the possible fault. The observing points could adjust the weighting rule in the model to suit the practical network condition and work independently. After further confirmation among neighbor points, fault recovery therapy could be handed over to the corresponding network with existing counter-measures. The proposed design suits well to the efficiency and feasibility requirements of IoT. Simulation results further prove its desirable behavior.     

Study on a joint multiple layer restoration scheme for IP over WDM networks

In this article we investigate the problem of a restoration scheme for IP over WDM networks. Network reliability is gaining importance with the huge volume of traffic carried by such networks. Providing survivability at the optical layer is inherently attractive, but raises many questions and challenges, given the characteristic of optical aggregated lightpath and relatively coarse traffic granularity. The emergence of MPLS and its extension, MP/spl lambda/S, opens up new possibilities for developing simple integrated protection/restoration schemes that can be coordinated at both the IP and optical layers . This article first presents an overview of existing MPLS/MP/spl lambda/S recovery mechanisms. Then we propose a joint two-layer recovery scheme for IP-centric WDM-based optical networks where the optical layer takes the recovery actions first, and subsequently the upper IP layer initiates its own recovery mechanism, if the optical layer does not restore all affected services. A simulation-based analysis shows the benefits of the proposed two-layer recovery scheme over single-layer recovery schemes. We demonstrate the advantages of finer granularity in IP layer recovery and the effectiveness in speed on the optical layer. The impact of several network parameters on recovery performance is also studied in the paper.     

Mobility management in third-generation all-IP networks

It is now widely recognized that using IP as the foundation for next-generation mobile networks makes strong economic and technical sense, since it takes advantage of the ubiquitous installed IP infrastructure, capitalizes on the IETF standardization process, and benefits from both existing and emerging IP-related technologies and services. The large-scale support of data services and their integration with legacy services are the common objectives of all wireless efforts termed third generation (3G) and beyond. In these all-IP wireless networks, IP can be deployed in two modes: the transport mode and the native mode. As we show in this article, this duality in the use of IP has a significant impact on network efficiency and performance. It is the extended native use of IP in the terrestrial segment of a wireless operator's domain that more readily allows for building a converged network with multiple access technologies. We then discuss the different levels of mobility in the all-IP network. In particular, our focus is on micromobility, and on the issue of seamless localized mobility within the converged network. After reviewing the mobility schemes that have emerged in previous years, we describe a hierarchical mobility management scheme based on multiprotocol label switching (MPLS). The scheme employs an enhanced type of MPLS routers, called label edge mobility agents, and is scalable, efficient, and flexible. It directly inherits the noted capabilities of MPLS in terms of support of QoS, traffic engineering, advanced IP services, and fast restoration. This scheme does not use nodes that are specific to any given wireless technology, and is well suited for gradual deployment     

MPLS VPN技术在电力企业广域网中的应用

为实现电力企业双网隔离的要求,从MPLS VPN原理入手,结合滁州电力系统信息网络实际情况,构建了从网络核心层、汇聚层到接入层的安全管理体系。介绍了MPLS VPN技术的基本原理。实际应用表明,MPLS VPN既可将现有网络划分成逻辑上隔离的网络,实现各个业务系统之间的隔离,又可以将企业信息外网与信息内网的灵活、高效、安全结合起来,为用户提供高质量的网络服务。     

GMPLS user-network interface in support of end-to-end rerouting

Carriers are enhancing their transport networks and improving their daily operations to address the increasing demand for (new) IP-based services. They require more scalable support for the increasing traffic demand and more flexible operations for connection provisioning. They are also seeking optimized resource utilization and time performance using faster and more robust recovery schemes while maintaining overall network costs. With advances in the GMPLS protocol suite including its user-network interface support, the possibility for better cooperation between transport and IP/MPLS networks is now possible. This article addresses this question by positioning and comparing the capabilities of the optical interworking forum's UNI with the Internet engineering task force's GMPLS UNI. Through three recovery scenarios, a quantitative analysis is provided that determines the gain obtained in deploying the GMPLS UNI over its OIF counterpart. Finally, a testbed demonstrating the feasibility and practicability of the GMPLS UNI implementation (which enables end-to-end connection rerouting) is presented.