A fiber Bragg grating current sensor with temperature compensation

A novel fiber Bragg grating （FBG） current sensor with temperature compensation has been proposed. The fiber Bragg grating is glued on the surface of an isosceles triangle cantilever beam, which has a step thickness along the beam axis. Due to the electromagnetic force created by a solenoid and a permanent magnet mounted on the top of the beam, a step strain is applied on the fiber Bragg grating. The change of the electric current in the solenoid makes the spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating split. By monitoring the shift difference of the two split center wavelengths, which is related to the electric current in the solenoid, a current sensor with temperature compensation is obtained. The test range of 0-400 mA is achieved. The experimental results also show that the relationship between the shift difference of the two split center wavelengths of the FBG and the electric current has a linearity of 0.9937, and the sensitivity is about 2.64 nm/A; the test results are independent of the temoerature, so the cross sensitive problem is solved.     

Temperature Compensation for Double Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

A novel double fiber Bragg grating(FBG) strain sensor configuration is presented. Temperature compensation method is based on double FBG moored on a rhombus frame. Through the theoretical analysis,the relation between relative shift of Bragg wavelength and the strain applied on the sensor is obtained,and the analytical expression of strain sensitivity coefficient is also given. The experiment results show that:in the strain range of 0～0.8 mm,the relation between the relative shift of Bragg wavelength and applied strain is linear,and the dispersion of double FBG wavelength at the range of -25 ℃～60 ℃ is 0～0.002 nm. The strain sensitivity of the displacement sensor configuration is 0.171 nm/με,and is nearly twice than that of single FC sensor.     

An optical sensing system for the concentration of methane based on fiber Bragg gratings

Based on a special catalyst and fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), an optical sensing system is proposed to measure the concen- tration of methane. The temperature of the catalyst rises rapidly as the concentration of methane increases, and hence it can be detected by an FBG-type sensor through monitoring the wavelength shift of the reflection spectrum. The experimental results show the good performances of our system, such as the high resolution and temperature stability.     

基于外差探测的双金属片结构FBG温度传感系统

提出了一种基于外差探测的双金属片结构光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)温度传感系统方案.将两个相同的FBG粘贴在膨胀系数不同的两个金属片上,利用两个金属片膨胀系数的不同,使两个FBG产生不同的中心波长的漂移,通过一个光电二极管探测其光强,再利用外差技术解调出温度的变化.与传统的双光纤布拉格光栅的系统不同的是,该系统中的参考FBG也能感测温度的变化,通过两个FBG反射波产生不同的相位差来获得温度的变化.数值仿真和理论分析表明该系统解决了传统M-Z干涉仪在测量温度时,应变与温度交叉敏感的问题.但是由于该系统的探测精度高,会导致量程范围的降低.因此该系统适用于温度变化不大,但精度要求比较高的情况.

Abstract：

Proposed is a double-sheet-metal structure FBG temperature sensor system based on heterodyne detection. Two same FBGs are affixed on two sheet metals with different coefficient of linear thermal expansion, because of which the changes of the two FBG's reflected wavelength are different, the two reflected signals are detected by a photoelectric detector, and the change of temperature can he obtained by detecting phase difference between the two reflected signals, which is different from that of traditional double FBG system. The two sheet metals make the two FBG in the same surrounding, and the two FBGs are affected by the same phase noises, which will not introduce phase difference between the two FBGs. Numerical simulation and analysis show that this system can solve the cross-sensitivity problem, but the high detection accuracy results in a narrow detection range. So the system applies to the situations which need high detection accuracy but narrow detection range.     

Study of a novel pressure sensor based on optical microring resonator

We propose a novel pressure sensor based on the combination of the ring resonator with two straight waveguides and a two-end fixed beam. The principle of this device is acquiring the system static pressure by monitoring the changes in the transmission wavelength shift of the ring resonator with double waveguides. The numerical results show that the sensitivity of the system is up to 49.3 pm/kPa while the pressure range is 0--300 kPa. The thickness of the fixed beam is an important factor which impacts the sensitivity of the system. This device can provide support for fabricating high sensitivity and low cost micro pressure sensors.     

A Novel Temperature-Compensated, Intensity-Modulated Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor System

An intensity-modulated, fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensor system based on radio-frequency （RF） signal measurement is presented. The RF signal is generated at a photodetector by two modulated optical signals reflected from the sensing FBG and a reference one. Bragg wavelength shift of the sensing FBG changes intensity of the RF signal by changing phase difference between the two optical signals, with temperature effect being compensated automatically by the reference FBG, Strain measurement with a maximum sensitivity of -0.34 μV/με has been achieved.     

FBG-based ultrasonic wave detection and acoustic emission linear location system

The ultrasonic (US) wave detection and an acoustic emission (AE) linear location system are proposed, which employ fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as US wave sensors. In the theoretical analysis, the FBG sensor response to longitudinal US wave is investigated. The result indicates that the FBG wavelength can be modulated as static case when the grating length is much shorter than US wavelength. The experimental results of standard sinusoidal and spindle wave test agree well with the generated signal. Further research using two FBGs for realizing linear location is also achieved. The maximum linear location error is obtained as less than 5 mm. FBG-based US wave sensor and AE linear location provide useful tools for specific requirements.     

Nonlinearity modelling of an on-board microwave photonics system based on Mach-Zehnder modulator

For the nonlinearity distortion problem of Mach-Zehnder modulator(MZM)applied in the on-board microwave photonics system,the situation for two input radio frequency(RF)signals with different frequencies and phases is discussed,and an exact analytical solution is derived with the method of expanding Bessel series and Graf addition theory.According to the analytical expression,the nonlinearity characteristics of the modulator can be precisely predicted,and the system performance can be optimized.The correctness of the analytical solution is approved by simulation results.Analytical results indicate that the nonlinearity distortion is suppressed as the decrease of modulation index,the increase of direct current bias phase shift and phase difference between two input RF signals.When the phase difference equals zero orπand the direct current bias phase shift isπ/2,there are only odd-order distortion terms.When the phase difference equals zero orπand the direct current bias phase shift isπ,there are only even-order distortion terms.     

Fiber Bragg Gratings in Small-Core Ge-Doped Photonic Crystal Fibers

This paper reports fiber Bragg gratings （FBGs） inscribed in a small-core Ge-doped photonic crystal fibers with a UV laser and a Talbot interferometer. The responses of such FBGs to temper- ature, strain, bending, and transverse-loading were systematically investigated. The Bragg wavelength of the FBGs shifts toward longer wavelengths with increasing temperature, tensile strain, and transverse-loading. The bending and transverse- loading properties of the FBGs are sensitive to the fiber orientations.     

Novel Distributed Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing System Based on M-Z Interferometer

One of the problems in using grating sensors is how to measure a small Bragg wavelength shift accurately. Nowadays demodulation techniques are mainly based on the edge filter, tunable filter, or interferometric scanning methods. Interferometric demodulation is widely accepted as the technology which can provide the high sensitivity. An interrogation system using the interferometric scanning method is presented, in which an unbalanced fiber M-Z interferometer is used as the wavelength scanner for temperature measurement. A novel fiber Bragg grating sensor system based on M-Z interferometric demodulation technique is presented in this paper. The temperature sensitivity measured in the experiment is almost consistent with that obtained from the theoretic calculation.     

基于双光纤布喇格光栅的液位传感器

设计了一种基于双光纤布喇格光栅的新型液位传感器,导出了双光纤布喇格光栅的波长漂移差与液位的关系.圆盘上受到的液体压力导致等腰三角形悬臂梁变形,从而导致安装在悬臂梁两边的光纤布喇格光栅的布喇格波长漂移.通过检测两个布喇格光栅的波长漂移差,得到被测液位.双光纤布喇格光栅通过补偿温度效应,解决了光纤布喇格光栅传感器的交叉敏感问题.该液位传感器的动态测量范围为2～3 000 mm.实验表明,双光纤布喇格光栅的中心波长随液位的增加分别向长波和短波方向漂移,而带宽几乎不变,实验和理论符合较好,该设计方案是切实可行的.     

双光纤布拉格光栅磁场传感器

载流导线在磁场中产生的电磁力使等腰三角形悬臂梁变形,从而导致安装在悬臂梁两边的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的布拉格波长漂移.通过检测2个FBG的波长漂移差,得到被测磁场的磁感应强度.双FBG通过补偿温度效应,解决了FBG传感器的交叉敏感问题.垂直放置的等腰三角形悬臂梁,确保FBG在传感过程中不出现啁啾现象,又避免了自身重量和导线重量对测量结果的影响,从而减少了测量误差.该系统传感灵敏度为1.11 nm/T,与理论值的相对误差为4.31%,结果表明,该传感器结构是可行的.     

基于啁啾光纤布拉格光栅的流速传感器

设计了一种基于啁啾光纤布拉格光栅(CFBG)的新型 流速传感器,包括CFBG压强传 感机构和文丘里管。压强传感机构中,密闭铝箔管横截面两边的压力差导致矩形悬臂梁变 形,从而引起粘贴在悬臂梁侧边的CFBG的反射光谱带宽发生变化。通过 检测其带宽,得到被测流体的速度。实验表明,CFBG反射光谱带宽对温度不敏 感,流速传感器的动态测量范围为8~100mm/s,设计方案是切实可行 的。     

靶式光纤Bragg光栅流速传感器的研制

设计了一种基于等强度悬臂梁的靶式光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）流速传感器,传感器利用杠杆结构将置于流体中迎流靶片所受的与流速成对应关系的冲击力转化成FBG波长的漂移,利用对称粘贴于悬臂梁上下表面的双FBG结构有效解决了温度与应变的交叉敏感问题。建立了流速与FBG波长变化幅度的关系,并采用流体分析软件FLUENT对放置靶片...     

多参量一体化光纤传感器及标校系统的研制与开发

提出一种集温度、压力和流量多参数同时测量的新型光纤传感器,并对其原理和结构、工艺设计展开研究工作。采用靶式与悬臂梁结构相结合的机敏结构、薄壁压力应变筒结构等集成在同一传感器探头上,并利用四只光纤光栅使得温度、压力和流量三个参数得以同时检测。利用光纤光栅两两之间波长移动量相差或相和,使温度与流量、压力交叉敏感问题得以解决。同时开发了光纤传感器标校系统,这一系统可以较准确实现对所研发的多参量一体化传感器的测试结果进行检测和标校。     

基于FBG的CH4浓度传感系统

提出了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的新型CH4浓度传感方案.利用CH4催化元件将CH4浓度信息转化为温度信息,并映射为FBG反射波长的漂移量.将自制的FBG封装成CH4传感器,并实验获得了FBG反射波长漂移量与环境CH4浓度的曲线.验证了采用传感FBG和参考FBG的斜边检测方案可提高系统检测分辨率和温度稳定性.     

光纤光栅原油压力传感器实验及其可靠性研究

介绍并制作了一种光纤光栅高温高压传感器,它由三种金属管组成,中央的弹性金属管将液体的压力转换为管子的机械伸长,周围金属管的长度只随温度变化。光纤光栅的两端分别固定在中央管及周围管的末端,随着压力管内液体压力的增加,光栅的中心波长随之增加,实现了对液压的传感。对该传感器的温度补偿进行了分析,设计了具有相同温度系数的压力传感光栅与温度传感光栅。并对传感器进行了高压实验和高温、高湿存储实验。结果表明,这种压力传感器在0~50 MPa之间灵敏度为31.7 pm/MPa。经过200℃高温存储16 h,及100℃沸水浸泡6 h,波长没有观察到明显衰退现象。     

基于弹簧管悬臂梁的FBG压力传感的研究

提出了一种等强度悬臂梁与弹簧管结合的高灵敏度的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)压力传感器。将FBG粘贴在悬臂梁的下表面,粘贴方向与悬臂梁轴线一致。理论分析了FBG中心波长相对偏移量与压力的关系,实验测得该传感器的压力灵敏度为2.767×10-4/MPa,是裸FBG压强灵敏度系数的142倍。压力灵敏度与悬臂梁和弹簧管的几何参数有关,改变参数,可获得不同灵敏度的压力传感器。     

基于倾斜光纤Bragg光栅的横向压力传感器研究

设计了一种基于4°倾斜光纤Bragg光栅(TFBG)和弹 性 材料的横向压力传感器。利用TFBG光谱对周围介质折射率响应的特性,实现了 对较低压力范围(0~7N)的线性测量。采 用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)方法对光谱进行解调,测量灵敏度可达1920 a.u./(N/mm),线性拟 合度为0.998。研究了不同弹性材料对测量灵敏度的影响,实现对测 量范围和测量灵 敏度的调谐。本文传感器工作在反射光谱方式,易于集成(光栅区长度仅5mm),可以植入弹 性材料内部用于协调接触压力的测量。     

一种FBG靶式流量传感的结构设计及实验研究

针对传统液压系统检测中存在的传感器体积较大、测量精度不高等问题,设计了一种基于光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)的一体式靶式流量传感器。在分析FBG及靶式流量传感原理的基础上,设计一种结构紧凑、便于密封和拆装的一体式靶片,将置于流体中迎流靶片所受的与流速成对应关系的冲击力转化成FBG波长的漂移,双FBG对称粘贴于悬臂梁上下表面的中轴线上,在提高传感灵敏度的同时,有效解决了温度与应变的交叉敏感问题。通过砝码干校实验测得传感器的灵敏度为3.55pm/g,其对应的流量灵敏度为0.076L/s。实验结果表明,双FBG中心波长的变化总量与加载在靶片上的质量有良好的线性关系,灵敏度是单个FBG灵敏度的2倍,且几乎不受环境温度的影响,稳定性、可靠性较好。