基于子带滤波器组的宽带自适应天线旁瓣相消技术

文[6]提出在数字移动通信中子带滤波器组处理可以提高不同阵元信号的相关性,从而能改善自适应阵列抑制码间干扰(ISI)和共信道干扰(CCI)的能力.在文[6]的基础上,本文研究了子带滤波器组在宽带自适应天线旁瓣相消中的应用,对其原理进行了理论分析,提出了有效的子带处理方法.经研究表明,子带滤波器组处理能有效增加主、辅助天线信号的相关性,从而提高系统干扰相消比.而且适当的过采样能使系统干扰相消比进一步提高.计算机仿真结果和实测雷达数据处理结果证实了子带处理方法的有效性和理论分析的正确性.     

移动通信中的CMA阵列抗干扰性能分析

移动通信中的CMA阵列具有抗多径干扰和抗共信道干扰能力。本文理论分析了实际信号环境下CMA阵列的抗多径干扰和抗共道干扰能力，并进行了计算机仿真，仿真结果表明，CMA阵列的抗多径干扰性能受随机相移、信号幅度、信号空间分布等因素的影响，当所需信号与多径干扰信号空间卫离度越大，CMA阵列的抗多径干扰性能越好。CMA阵列的抗共信道干扰性能较抗多径干扰性能要好，只要所需用户信号和共信道干扰信号不在同一入射方向，CMA阵列就可以将干扰信号抑制掉。     

基于FB-FDE的地空通信窄带干扰抑制方法

提出了一种基于滤波器组的单载波频域均衡(FB-FDE)技术的窄带干扰抑制方法,该方法在多径时延较大的地空宽带通信中具有很强的窄带干扰抑制能力。从理论上详细分析了基于滤波器组的窄带干扰抑制技术能够克服基于FFT频域均衡缺点的主要原因,并在此基础上提出了基于自适应子带合并的算法。理论分析和仿真试验均表明,该方法抑制窄带干扰能力强,运算简单,适于工程实现。     

A signal subspace-based subband approach to space-time adaptiveprocessing for mobile communications

In this paper, we present a novel space-time signal subspace-based subband approach to space-time adaptive processing (STAP) that has been shown to be an effective method to suppress both the intersymbol interference (ISI) and the cochannel interference (CCI) in mobile communications. We first study the performance of STAP and make clear the conditions of perfect processing (i.e., perfect equalization of the desired user signal and perfect suppression of CCI signals). Based on the polyphase representation and the subspace analysis of the signal channels, we propose a space-time signal subspace-based subband approach to STAP, namely the subband STAP, which highly improves the convergence rate without loss of the steady-state performance. Simulation results show its effectiveness under the procedure of signal subspace estimation and detection     

Subband adaptive filtering with real-valued subband signals foracoustic echo cancellation

Adaptive filtering in subbands was originally proposed to overcome the limitations of conventional least-mean-square (LMS) algorithms. In general, subband adaptive filters offer computational savings, as well as faster convergence over the conventional LMS algorithm. However, improvements to current subband adaptive filters could be further enhanced by a more elegant choice of their design/structure. Classical subband adaptive filters employ DFT-based analysis and synthesis filter banks which results in subband signals that are complex-valued. The authors modify the structure of subband adaptive filters by using single-sideband (SSB) modulated analysis and synthesis filter banks, which result in subband signals that are real-valued. This simplifies the realisation of subband adaptive filters     

分布式子带自适应滤波算法

为了解决分布式最小均方算法在输入信号相关性较高时收敛速度较慢、分布式仿射投影算法计算复杂度较高等问题,本文提出了两种分布式子带自适应滤波算法,即递增式和扩散式子带自适应滤波算法.分布式子带自适应滤波算法将节点信号进行子带分割来降低信号的相关性,从而加快收敛速度.由于用于子带分割的滤波器组中包含了抽取单元,所以分布式子带自适应滤波算法和对应的分布式最小均方算法的计算复杂度相近.仿真结果表明,与分布式最小均方算法相比,分布式子带自适应滤波算法具有更好的收敛性能.     

Multiuser detection in a horizontal underwater acoustic channelusing array observations

We present a multisensor, multiuser receiver that is capable of operating in an underwater acoustic channel with severe multipath. For each active user, the receiver consists of a multi-input, single-output array processing filter followed by a single-channel adaptive equalizer. The array processing filter is chosen to maximize an averaged performance metric which measures reduction in the interference from multiple asynchronous cochannel users and the reduction in intersymbol interference caused by time spreading of the transmitted signal. The single-channel adaptive equalizer that follows the array processing filter eliminates the remaining intersymbol interference prior to hard symbol decisions. The division of labor between the array processing filter and single-channel equalizer reduces receiver complexity by allowing the array processing filter weights to be based on the fixed deterministic channel component and the single-channel equalizer to be based on the stochastic channel component. Receiver performance is demonstrated using data obtained from two shallow-water acoustic channels where two cochannel users are transmitting in shallow water at 18 and 30 nautical miles from the receiver array     

Order statistic filter banks

Filter banks play a major role in multirate signal processing where these have been successfully used in a variety of applications. In the past, filter banks have been developed within the framework of linear filters. It is well known, however, that linear filters may have less than satisfactory performance whenever the underlying processes are non-Gaussian. We introduce the nonlinear class of order statistic (OS) filter banks that exploit the spectral characteristics of the input signal as well as its rank-ordering structure. The attained subband signals provide frequency and rank information in a localized time interval. OS filter banks can lead to significant gains over linear filter banks, particularly when the input signals contain abrupt changes and details, as is common with image and video signals. OS filter banks are formed using traditional linear filter banks as fundamental building blocks. It is shown that OS filter banks subsume linear filter banks and that the latter are obtained by simple linear transformations of the former. To illustrate the properties of OS filter banks, we develop simulations showing that the learning characteristics of the LMS algorithm, which are used to optimize the weight taps of OS filters, can be significantly improved by performing the adaptation in the OS subband domain.     

The design of 2-D nonseparable directional perfect reconstruction filter banks

In this paper, we develop a directional 2-D nonseparable filter bank that can perfectly reconstruct the downsampled subband signals. The filter bank represents two powerful image and video processing tools: directional subband decomposition and perfect reconstruction. The directional filter banks consist of (1) the input signal and the subband signals modulation, (2) diamond shape prefilter, and (3) four different parallelogram shape prefilters. This paper addresses the design and implementation of a two-band filter bank that is proved to be able to provide perfect reconstruction of the downsampled subband signals. Finally, we use a conventional 1-D half-band filter as a prototype and then apply the McClellan transform for the specific 2-D diamond shape and parallelogram shape subfilters. This method is extremely simple in designing the analysis/synthesis subfilters for the filter bank.     

Structured semi-blind interference rejection in dispersivemultichannel systems

The impact of interference is one of the most capacity limiting factors in cellular networks today. In order to host more users in existing systems and maximize the capacity of future networks, the use of interference suppression techniques are instrumental. We propose a structured semi-blind parameter estimation procedure to support rejection of unknown cochannel interference (CCI) in systems facing multipath channels with non-negligible delay spread. Employing spatio-temporal processing, the proposed scheme exploits the temporal correlation present in the output signal from an antenna array and the training data of a desired user in order to find parameter estimates that fit the range space of a structured CCI model to the signal subspace of the interfering signals. Simulation results illustrating the behavior of a spatio-temporal receiver using the proposed scheme with respect to both signal-to-noise and signal-to-interference ratios (SNRs and SIRs) are presented. In addition, results highlighting the impact of the training sequence length as well as the impact of the channel model order of the CCI users are also included     

A lens antenna array with adaptive optical processing

This paper presents an X band smart antenna array in which adaptive processing of the received signals is performed by dynamic holographic optical circuitry. The optical circuitry adaptively extracts the principal component of the received signal space, that is the strongest first-order independent temporal component of the ensemble of received signals. The adaptive receiver system can be used, for example, to mitigate multipath interference effects and can separate one received signal from another even though their power spectra may entirely overlap. A prototype two-channel system is designed to fit in a standard-size briefcase and consume less than 50 W of power. The input to the system are modulated waves with a carrier in X band and the output is an electronic demodulated signal. Three major components of this system are described in detail: (1) the quasi-optical lens antenna array front end with angle-of-arrival preprocessing and downconversion, (2) the two-channel electrooptic modulation and optical carrier suppression stage, and (3) the smart optical processor (auto-tuning filter). Component and end-to-end system measurements give quantitative indicators for the usefulness of optical processing in wireless communications     

利用直接矩阵求逆和临界采样子带自适应滤波器的快速系统辨识

在许多应用中,子带自适应滤波器结构已经显示了其在计算和性能上的优点。基于最近提出的一个采用临界采样滤波器组的子带自适应结构,该文引入了子带直接矩阵求逆(DMI)算法。在保持了该算法快速收敛优点的同时,利用相关矩阵块三对角的特殊结构,降低了该算法的计算复杂度。理论分析及计算机实验显示,子带直接矩阵求逆算法只需经过较少的更新次数自适应子滤波器自由度的两倍,就能够收敛到高于最小均方误差的3dB附近。     

Performance Analysis of the Spectral Correlation Discriminator Array

Mobile communications suffer from cochannel interference, adjacent channel interference and fading. The cell capacity or the number of users per cell is limited by the interference. In this paper we analyze a new blind adaptive array structure called the spectral correlation discriminator array (SCDA), designed to reject cochannel interference for advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) signals. The blind adaptive array exploits the spectral redundancy in the AMPS signals which arises due to the presence of the supervisory audio tone (SAT). SCDA is shown to provide an improvement of 25–30 dB in signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) in static multipath channels and 10–15 dB improvement of SINR in Rayleigh fading channels. The SCDA is compared to the least squares constant modulus array (LSCMA) and is shown to have better signal selectivity properties. The reduction in interference power can significantly reduce the frequency reuse factor.     

A Blind Adaptive QR-Based Lattice Multi-Channel Filter for Cellular Base-Station TDMA Transceivers with Antenna Arrays

A new adaptive algorithm for blind interference rejection and multipath mitigation is studied and applied to antenna array processing in TDMA cellular communication systems. It is shown how the estimation of multiple signals from different sources by means of a multi-sensor receiver can be formulated as a multi-channel deconvolution problem. The proposed method is based on High-Order Statistics (HOS) processing of the baseband vector samples at the antenna array output. The similarity between the cumulant-based solution and the standard multi-variable Least Squares solution is exploited to derive an efficient adaptive algorithm based on the vector lattice architecture. The algorithm is numerically stable, considerably less complex than other existing multi-channel methods using HOS processing and exhibits rapid convergence with respect to blind array processing algorithms using simple gradient-based minimization procedures.     

Blind multipath separation and combining technique for signal recovery

To achieve better mitigation of both cochannel interference (CCI) and intersymbol interference, a new structure using generalized estimation of multipath signals in conjunction with maximal-ratio combining diversity for wireless communications over multipath channels is introduced. In this structure, the signal replicas received from multiple paths are first independently produced by a bank of blind spatial filters and then constructively combined by a diversity combining receiver for final signal estimate. The new scheme can be applied on single antenna array or between multiple antenna subarrays. It will be shown, from both theoretical analysis and numerical experiments, that the new scheme provides both space diversity gains and path diversity gains while suppressing the CCIs.     

A subband adaptive filter allowing maximally decimation

Conventional subband adaptive filters (ADF) using filter banks have shown degradation in performance because of the nonideal nature of filter banks. For this problem, the authors propose an alias free subband structure for adaptive filtering using polyphase frequency sampling filter (FSF) banks. As a preliminary, they make it clear that the conventional polyphase discrete Fourier transform (DFT) bank is equivalent to a class of the FSF bank. Then, they propose a new class of ADF using the FSF banks based on the frequency sampling theorem. As a result, the proposed technique enables subband adaptive filtering without the degradation effect of both the aliasing and cross terms, even if one chooses critical subsampling     

两带自适应FIR线性相位双正交滤波器组设计

自适应滤波器组设计是多速率滤波器组理论和应用的一个重要方面。由于其频率响应更好匹配于输入信号的统计特性,这类滤波器组可获得更大的子带编码增益。该文研究了两带自适应FIR线性相位双正交滤波器组的设计问题,给出了设计算法,特别是通过最优IIR双正交滤波器组确定初始点(初始滤波器组)的方法。仿真结果表明,得到的滤波器组的子带编码增益远远超过了最优的IIR正交滤波器组,与已有的设计结果比较,编码增益明显提高。     

A Novel Algorithm for Simple Hybrid of Adaptive Array and Equalizer

Adaptive array has been used for canceling the interference in communication. When the array cannot suppress all the interference, an equalizer following the array can add to further enhance the capability of canceling the inter-symbol interference (ISI). The adaptive array and equalizer (AE) will suffer the problems of insufficient degrees of freedom and main-beam multi-path ISI. The hybrid of adaptive array and equalizer (HAE) uses a modified training sequence to adjust the weights of adaptive array that leads the array to cancel only the co-channel interference (CCI). The ISI are removed by the equalizer following the array. Thus, the HAE can combat the above problems successfully. Though the HAE improves the performance of AE, a transversal filter is added to generate the modified training sequence. Besides, the weights of equalizer in the HAE, which adjust after the weights of adaptive array, will make the convergent rate slowly. A simple hybrid of adaptive array and equalizer (SHAE) utilizes the output signal of system to adjust the weights of both the adaptive array and equalizer simultaneously. Therefore, the convergent rate of the HAE can improve by the SHAE. Moreover, the ISI can be suppressed by the equalizer instead of the adaptive array in the SHAE that will improve the performance of AE without using the transversal filter. As the mutual coupling present, the convergent rate of the SHAE will slow down. In this paper, a least mean square error algorithm with mutual coupling present is proposed to improve the convergent rate of SHAE, also.     

带有噪声相关性的自适应噪声抵消系统仿真研究

本文为了在语音信号处理中能消除含噪语音信号中的背景噪音,采用自适应信号处理的理论和技术来达到提高语音信号质量的目的。通过介绍自适应滤波器原理,在对自适应滤波器相关理论研究的基础上,研究了LMS自适应滤波算法,并对LMS自适应算法进行了分析。同时为了使输入的参考信号与噪声相关,加入分离周期信号与带有窄带干扰抑制的宽带信号。通过分析仿真结果表明基于LMS算法的自适应噪声抵消技术可以有效地抵消正弦干扰信号,同时加入宽带信号中的周期性噪声,在没有另外的与噪声相关的参考信号的情况下,可以使用自适应噪声抵消系统来消除这种同期性干扰噪声。     

Convergence analysis of a CM array for CDMA systems

The incorporation of directional sensitivity, provided by so-called adaptive antennas is useful in suppressing interfering signals that arise from spatially distinct mobile sources. The problem is that in a cellular radio environment where multipath exists, the standard adaptive antenna using reference signals may not properly lock on the desired signal. This is because the signal correlation matrix processed by the antenna may then be close to singular and standard algorithms fail. Also, most standard algorithms need to cooperate with the receiver for the spatial discrimination of signals. A smart antenna utilizing a blind algorithm is of interest since the antenna may not need to get any feedback from a receiver for the adjustment of weight coefficient for spatial processing and can stand alone to be plugged into any kind of receiver structure.In this paper, we address the convergence property of a Constant Modulus Algorithm which is a blind algorithm and, if employed, can provide no need for an antenna to cooperate with a receiver attached. By identifying a relationship between the weight coefficients and output signal amplitude, we also evaluate the performance of such a stand-alone antenna plus a CDMA matched filter reception. Our results show that for a three element CM array, the BER of a desired user with the other interfering users is much better than a conventional correlation receiver for a single user case since the array suppresses interferences and achieves array gain in SNR.