超高频RFID标签芯片射频电路的分析与测试(英文)

提出了一种应用于超高频(Ultra high frequency,UHF)射频识别(Radio frequency identification,RFID)标签芯片的射频测试技术。针对UHF RFID标签芯片射频电路的特殊工作方式,该技术可对芯片的输入阻抗和灵敏度进行准确测量,并同时完成芯片功能验证。与传统的RFID标签芯片射频测试技术相比,文中的方案利用商用阅读器和可调衰减器代替了高端或RFID专用测试设备,因此极大降低了测试成本。利用该测试方案,对已开发的UHF RFID标签芯片进行了测试与验证,并利用测试结果完成了折叠偶极子天线设计以实现芯片与天线之间的阻抗匹配。将芯片与天线组装成无源标签,其灵敏度可达-10.5 dBm。实验结果证明了该方案的正确性。     

用于金属表面的UHF RFID标签天线优化设计

UHF RFID 标签天线置于金属表面会引起阻抗变化以及阻抗失配,因此为了减小金属表面的影响,提出一种用于金属表面的UHF RFID 标签天线阻抗匹配优化设计方法。首先在折叠偶极子天线臂上附加短路段来调整标签天线的输入阻抗,通过粗略调节短路段的位置使天线和RFID 标签芯片在金属表面达到阻抗的基本匹配,然后利用遗传算法优化得到天线最优的长度、宽度和短路段位置,使天线和RFID 标签芯片在金属表面达到准确的阻抗匹配。所设计天线阻抗及方向图的仿真和测试结果表明该优化设计方法能够使RFID 标签天线在金属表面正常工作。     

一种面向卷烟包装新型超高频rfid标签天线设计

本文设计了一种新型的抗金属无源UHF射频识别(RFID)印刷标签天线.该天线可以应用在卷烟包装上,仿真和实测数据证明,在915MHz处天线的阻抗为(20+j149)Ω,能和Alien Higgs -2芯片很好的实现共轭匹配.该标签天线的工作带宽为31MHz,通过RFID阅读器实测表明,所设计的标签天线读取距离可达到0.8m.     

射频识别芯片设计中时钟树功耗的优化与实现

UHF RFID是一款超高频射频识别标签芯片,该芯片采用无源供电方式,对于无源标签而言,工作距离是一个非常重要的指标,这个工作距离与芯片灵敏度有关,而灵敏度又要求功耗要低,因此低功耗设计成为RFID芯片研发过程中的主要突破点。在RFID芯片中的功耗主要有模拟射频前端电路,存储器,数字逻辑三部分,而在数字逻辑电路中时钟树上的功耗会占逻辑功耗不小的部分。本文着重从降低数字逻辑时钟树功耗方面阐述了一款基于ISO18000-6Type C协议的UHF RFID标签基带处理器的的优化和实现。     

UHF频段无源RFID标签阅读距离影响因素分析

在物品识别领域,RFID技术应用的快速发展对RFID标签的读出距离不断提出新的要求.通过对增加UHF900 MHz频段无源电子标签阅读距离的主要方法的研究,着重从电子标签设计中的如下几个要素进行了探讨:天线及标签芯片阻抗匹配、天线及标签芯片的品质因数以及标签基底材料的选择.     

A compact low-power UHF RFID tag

In this paper, the design of an ultra-low-power UHF RFID tag is introduced. The system architecture and the communication protocols are chosen to operate with the minimum requirements possible from the RFID tag. By moving most of system functionality to the RFID reader side, the circuit requirements of the RFID tag circuits are relaxed. Supply voltages for both analog and digital parts are chosen carefully for minimum power consumption. The RFID tag is designed in standard digital 0.13 μm CMOS technology. Simulations results of the main blocks are shown. The power consumption of the chip is only 1 μW, and the chip area is only 0.14 mm×0.23 mm.     

无源UHF RFID标签的低成本阻抗匹配网络设计

提出了一种符合ISO/IEC18000-6C标准的无源RFID(射频识别)标签的低成本阻抗匹配网络。该设计基于复功率波反射系数的概念,修正芯片输入阻抗,在片内添加阻抗匹配电路。通过变化芯片阻抗和天线共轭匹配及失配间切换,有效完成信号的调制反射。提出的电路结构简单,易于实现,在读写器、标签天线和芯片之间实现了功率传输的最大化,提高了芯片输入电压以及读写器对标签反射信号的识别率。采用该阻抗匹配网络的芯片基于chartered 0.35μm CMOS工艺实现。测试结果表明,在923MHz频带下,倍压电路输出可达1.47V,标签满足系统设计要求。     

小型化低剖面UHF RFID抗金属标签天线设计

针对超高频抗金属射频识别(RFID)标签的小型化和低剖面需求,提出了一种可用于金属表面的超高频RFID标签天线,其尺寸为50 mm×20 mm×0.9 mm。该设计采用CST MWS软件进行建模仿真,分析了嵌入式馈电结构尺寸变化和矩形开槽尺寸变化对标签天线输入阻抗的影响,并调整相应参数以达到标签天线输入阻抗与芯片阻抗的共轭匹配。实测结果表明,标签天线输入阻抗与芯片阻抗匹配良好,在910 MHz处有最大实测阅读距离为4.3 m,且具有小尺寸和低剖面,可应用于物流、医疗、零售等多种领域的金属场景。     

一种适用于射频电子标签的时钟数据恢复电路

提出了一种适用于射频电子标签的时钟数据恢复电路,在电路中提出了一种适用于NRZ数据的新型鉴频鉴相器电路和自适应控制单元,能动态调节边沿检测器中延迟单元的延迟时间,使此时钟数据恢复电路具有大的锁定范围,且有结构简单易实现的特点。电路在Chartered0.35μm标准CMOS工艺下流片,实测此电路能在1.15V的低电压下工作,并且最低工作电流为3.4μA,适用于UHF射频电子标签芯片。     

Curved RFID tags for metallic gas cylinders

Presented is a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna designed to fit around the neck of a small gas cylinder and capable of operation at the European and American UHF RFID bands. The design is readable from all directions in the plane of the cylinder neck and is mounted on cheap synthetic rubber (neoprene) of thickness 2 mm with dimensions of 125 x 20 mm. The tag antenna was conjugally matched to the complex impedance of the transponder IC chip.     

无源RFID标签芯片灵敏度测试方法研究

提出一种测试UHF频段无源RFID标签芯片灵敏度的方法。该方法依据矢量网络分析仪和标签测试仪接口特性阻抗相同的特性,利用矢量网络分析仪测试标签芯片的反射系数,然后通过标签测试仪测试芯片和仪器接口的匹配损耗,进而计算标签芯片的灵敏度。利用该方法对NXP_G2XM芯片和Impinj_Monza3芯片在800～1 000MHz频段内灵敏度进行测试,并将测试结果与datasheet进行对照,分析误差产生的原因,最终证明此方法的准确性。该测试方法采用常规仪器对800～1 000MHz频段内灵敏度进行测试,有重要实际意义。     

Applicability of Metallic Nanoparticle Inks in RFID Applications

Radio frequency identification (RFID) antennas for HF and UHF frequencies are ink-jet printed using commercially available silver nanoparticle ink. Quality factors of 5.3 and 9.4 are obtained for coil antennas targeted for 13.56 MHz when the printing and sintering process is repeated two and three times, respectively. The measured maximum effective aperture of the printed UHF antenna is only some decibels lower than that of an equivalent etched copper antenna and the maximum reading distance with 0.5 W (ERP) transmitted power is 3 m for continuous reading. These results suggest that obtaining a low enough series resistance for printed coils is challenging while printed RFID antennas for UHF do not set as strict requirements on conductivity. With a perfectly optimized structure, a UHF tag antenna printed in just one layer of ink can be practically equal in performance with the traditional etched copper and aluminum tags.      

一种新型RFID宽带标签天线的分析与设计

由于各个国家分配给UHF频段RFID系统的频率不同,以及全球跨国供应链中物品跟踪管理的发展要求,宽带RFID标签天线已然成为各国学者研究的一个热点。文中采用在辐射贴片上开槽来拓展带宽的方法,设计了一款双T型槽宽带标签天线。所设计的天线为无通孔与短路结构的简单天线,尺寸仅为33mm×25mm×1.6mm,工作带宽覆盖了各个国家分配给UHF频段的频率范围,最大理论读取距离可达7.58m。通过改变槽的尺寸可以方便地调节天线与标签芯片之间的匹配。与其他宽带标签天线相比,该天线在小型化、读取距离方面具有明显优势。由于测试条件有限,天线输入阻抗实测曲线走势与仿真曲线基本一致,但实测曲线向低频偏移了200MHz左右,实测值与仿真值相比有一定程度的衰减。     

突破技术壁垒 迎接RFID大规模应用

我国自行制造电子标签用的集成电路芯片是一件与降低成本、促进应用息息相关的大问题。本文在介绍电子标签的市场发展状况、应用领域、芯片制造与封装等关键技术之后,记述了在UH F频段的电子标签的技术壁垒面前,应该如何逾越壁垒、加强自主创新,去迎接RFID大规模应用前景时的设想和实践。     

An RFID Tag Using a Planar Inverted‐F Antenna Capable of Being Stuck to Metallic Objects

This letter presents the design for a low‐profile planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) that can be stuck to metallic objects to create a passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tag in the UHF band. The designed PIFA, which uses a dielectric substrate for the antenna, consists of a U‐slot patch for size reduction, several shorting pins, and a coplanar waveguide feeding structure to easily integrate with an RFID chip. The impedance bandwidth and maximum gain of the tag antenna are about 0.3% at 914 MHz for a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of less than 2 and 3.6 dBi, respectively. The maximum read range is about 4.5 m as long as the tag antenna is on a metallic object.     

Broadband RFID tag antenna with quasi-isotropic radiation pattern

A passive RFID tag antenna in the UHF band using two bent dipoles and a modified double T-matching network is proposed. The antenna was fabricated with a thin copper layer printed on a 50 /spl mu/m-thick PET substrate for low-cost production. The proposed antenna provided a quasi-isotropic radiation pattern and a fairly broad bandwidth S/sub 11/<-10 dB, 8.5%) for conjugate-matching with a commercial tag chip. The efficiency of the antenna was about 90% in the operating frequency band. The measured readable range was between 170 -240 cm for an arbitrary rotation angle of the tag.     

Shorted Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Inductively Coupled Feed for UHF RFID Tag

A very small patch‐type RFID tag antenna (UHF band) using ceramic material mountable on metallic surfaces is presented. The size of the proposed tag is 25 mm×25 mm×3 mm. The impedance of the antenna can be easily matched to the tag chip impedance by adjusting the size of the shorting plate of the patch and the size of the feeding loop. The measured maximum reading distance of the tag at 910 MHz was 5 m when it was mounted on a 400 mm × 400 mm metallic surface. The proposed design is verified by simulation and measurements which show good agreement.     

UHF RFID tag antenna with broadband characteristic

A novel UHF RFID tag antenna with broadband characteristic is presented. The structures of T-matching network and double symmetrical radiating patches shorted to the ground plane are employed. The measured half-power bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 12.9% and it covers two major frequency bands. The maximum readable distance of the tag achieved 6.5 m in the RFID bands for North America and Europe. All the results show that the proposed antenna can work not only in air but also on metallic objects in the North America and Europe UHF RFID band.     

超高频无源RFID标签的一些关键电路的设计

本文针对超高频无源RFID标签芯片的设计,给出了一些关键电路的设计考虑。文章从UHFRFID标签的基本组成结构入手,先介绍了四种电源恢复电路结构,以及在标准CMOS工艺下制作肖特基二极管来组成倍压电路的解决方案。然后针对电源稳压电路,提出了串联型和并联型两种稳压电路。文章针对ASK包络解调电路,提出了新的泄流源的设计。最后,文章介绍了启动信号产生电路的设计考虑。     

Indirect coupling method for RFID tag antenna design

Proposed is an indirect coupling method for designing an RFID tag antenna, which can not only achieve broadband operation, but can also conveniently implement a complex conjugate impedance match between an antenna and an RFID chip. An equivalent circuit model of the proposed coupling method is presented to characterise the performance of the antenna. An example is included to demonstrate the coupling method for an antenna with half-power bandwidth of approximately 16% (840-985 MHz), and which covers the entire UHF RFID frequency band. Estimated and simulated results are shown to be in good agreement with measured ones.