基于先验相位结构信息的双基SAR两维自聚焦算法

两维自聚焦是高机动条件下机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)高分辨率成像的重要保障。现有的双基SAR两维自聚焦算法没有充分利用相位误差的先验结构信息,是对相位误差的一种盲估计,在计算效率和参数估计精度方面仍然存在很大限制。该文从双基SAR极坐标格式成像算法新解释入手,从残留距离徙动(RCM)校正的观点出发,将极坐标格式(PFA)算法的实现解释为距离频率和方位时间两个变量的解耦过程。利用这一观点分析了极坐标格式算法中的距离和方位重采样对两维相位误差的影响,揭示了残留两维相位误差固有的解析结构。基于这一固有的先验信息,该文提出了一种结合先验信息和图像数据的双基SAR两维自聚焦算法。算法通过引入先验知识,将两维相位误差估计降维成一维方位相位误差的估计;同时,在估计方位相位误差时,通过多子带数据平均,充分挖掘了所有数据的信息。相比于已有算法,无论是参数估计精度还是计算效率都有明显改善。实验结果验证了该文理论分析的正确性以及所提两维自聚焦方法的有效性。      

一种星载多通道高分辨率宽测绘带SAR系统通道相位偏差估计新方法

方位多通道合成孔径雷达(SAR)可有效地抑制多普勒模糊以实现高分辨率宽测绘带(High-Resolution Wide-Swath HRWS)成像。通道间幅相误差将影响多普勒模糊抑制性能。基于星载SAR系统回波特性雷达回波在多普勒带宽外的能量通常远小于多普勒带宽内能量,该文提出一种多通道HRWS SAR系统通道间相位偏差估计新方法。该方法假定多普勒带宽外的信号近似为零,将单星多通道HRWS SAR系统相位偏差估计问题转换为恒模二次规划问题,然后利用经典二次规划问题求解方法特征值松弛法(Eigen-Value Relaxation,EVR)及半正定松弛法(Semi-Definite Relaxation,SDR)求解该问题,获取HRWS SAR系统通道间的相位偏差估计值。理论分析结果表明,该文算法可视为一种自适应加权最小二乘相位偏差估计算法。多通道SAR仿真实验结果验证了该文算法的有效性。     

一种SAR运动目标的自聚焦算法

基于SAR成像中散射点模型的参数估计,提出了一种适用于经过距离走动校正之后,在方位向上仍存在两次及两次以上相位误差的动目标的自聚焦算法.该方法在方位数据域上结合离散多项式相位变换(DPT)方法和最小二乘估计法估计相位误差,用CLEAN算法估计散射点参数,并通过交替迭代运算,可以较少的距离单元实现较为精确的误差补偿,因而运算量小.经过实测数据验证,该算法获得了理想的自聚焦.     

一种用于条带式SAR的自聚焦算法

本文将相位梯度法(Phase Gradient Algorithm,PGA)用于条带式合成孔径雷达(SAR)的自聚焦。根据条带SAR与聚束SAR回波信号差异并参考经典相位梯度法提出了一种适用于条带SAR的自聚焦算法--SPGA。用这种新的条带SAR自聚焦算法聚焦所得SAR图像不会发生传统条带SAR下PGA常有的拼接问题;同时由于相位误差曲而的引入,对于任何场景SPGA均能达到良好的聚焦效果。     

面向条带SAR的多孔径图像偏移自聚焦算法

本文提出了一种能够用于机载条带式合成孔径雷达（SAR）运动误差估计的多孔径图像偏移自聚焦算法。首先,将条带SAR数据分割为有重叠的估计子块,各个子块又分为具有重叠场景的多个子孔径,并通过后向投影算法在距离多普勒域构建子孔径图像;然后,对各个子孔径图像进行互相关处理,在分析影响互相关函数的因素的基础上,给出了求解各子图像之间的重叠场景相对偏移的方法;最后,给出了子块内的误差估计方法与子块间的误差拼接方法。对实际数据的处理结果表明,所提算法能够精确且鲁棒地估计机载条带SAR的运动误差。     

机载多通道SAR运动目标方位向速度和法向速度联合估计算法

对运动目标进行SAR成像时,参数估计是必不可少的。现有算法主要针对运动目标的径向速度和方位向速度进行估计,而对3维运动目标的法向速度无法估计。该文利用L型基线的机载多通道SAR系统,提出一种方位向速度和法向速度的联合估计算法。该算法在距离-多普勒域提取运动目标信号,并利用多幅SAR图像之间的相位差进行方位向速度和法向速度的联合估计。该算法不依赖图像配准,不需要解多普勒模糊,因此具有较高的估计精度和鲁棒性,有较强的实际意义和应用价值。     

基于PHAF的多普勒参数估计

在通常情况下,多普勒参数是影响SAR成像质量的主要因素.目前,估计多普勒参数的算法主要有Mapdrift、相位梯度自聚焦以及对比度最优自聚焦等自聚焦算法,这些算法有一个共同的缺点,不能估计并补偿高阶多普勒参数.该文通过基于乘积型高阶模糊度函数(Product High-order Ambiguity Function,PHAF)算法来估计多普勒参数的新方法,该方法无需利用惯导数据预先计算多普勒调频斜率初值,可与杂波锁定并行完成,并且具有估计高阶多普勒参数的能力.仿真实验比较了PHAF和MapDrift分别在小信噪比,存在高阶误差时的自聚焦能力.结果说明该算法计算量小、鲁棒性强、估计精度高,在小信噪比情况下仍可得到较准确的估计结果.最后给出的成像结果说明该文提出的算法能够大大改善成像分辨率.     

一种用于条带式RD算法的组合实时PGA方法

随着合成孔径雷达(SAR)分辨率的提高,方位向相位误差的影响逐渐增大,传统的相位梯度自聚焦(PGA)方法虽然可以估计出高次误差,但是通常都需要迭代,给实时成像造成了很大困难.该文结合条带式RD算法和PGA自聚焦算法的特点,提出了一种组合的实时PGA方法.这种方法将频移相关距离门算法(SACGS)算法与PGA算法结合,不仅大大降低了计算量,可以不用迭代而达到良好的效果,而且降低了对运动初始参数的精度要求.仿真和实际数据均验证了这种方法的有效性.     

MC-SAR改进正交子空间相位误差估计算法

方位多通道SAR用于高分辨率宽测绘带成像有着广阔的前景,然而通道失配引起的通道相位误差会较大地影响成像的质量。针对这一问题提出了一种改进正交子空间(OS)算法用于校正通道相位误差。改进OS算法的通道相位误差估计考虑了天线方向图加权,并利用全部多普勒频点信号子空间与噪声子空间的正交约束条件建立代价函数,从而得到相位误差估计的最优值。该方法有效克服常规正交子空间算法利用单个多普勒频点估计通道相位误差时的不稳健问题。基于机载实测数据的实验验证了改进OS算法的有效性和稳健性。     

一种单星方位多通道高分辨率宽测绘带SAR系统通道相位偏差时域估计新方法

方位多通道合成孔径雷达(SAR)可有效抑制多普勒模糊以实现高分辨率宽测绘带(High-Resolution Wide-Swath,HRWS)成像.通道间的幅相误差以及位置测量误差都将影响多普勒模糊抑制性能.通过分析单星方位多通道SAR系统的通道相位误差特性,该文提出一种基于回波数据的通道相位误差时域估计方法.该方法首先利用相邻通道间的回波数据进行干涉处理,其干涉相位包含回波多普勒中心信息以及相邻通道间的相位偏差信息.然后利用循环相消方法消除通道间相位偏差的影响,提取出原始回波的多普勒中心.最后,通过对去除多普勒中心分量后的通道间干涉相位进行积分,即可得到各通道相对于参考通道的相位误差.该文方法不仅可以有效地估计通道间的相对相位偏差,还可对原始回波的多普勒中心进行有效地估计.仿真实验验证了该文算法的有效性.     

Interfacial reaction and shear strength of SnAgCu-xNi/Ni solder joints during aging at 150 °C

The interfacial microstructure and shear strength of Sn3.8Ag0.7Cu-xNi (SAC-xNi, x = 0.5, 1, and 2) composite solders on Ni/Au finished Cu pads were investigated in detail after aging at 150 °C for up to 1000 h. The interfacial characteristics of composite solder joints were affected significantly by the weight percentages of added Ni micro-particles and aging time. After aging for 200 h, the solder joints of SAC, SAC-0.5Ni and -1Ni presented duplex intermetallic compound (IMC) layers regardless of the initial interfacial structure on as-reflowed joints, whose upper and lower IMC layers were comprised of (CuNi)₆Sn₅ and (NiCu)₃Sn₄, respectively. Only a single (NiCu)₃Sn₄ IMC layer was ever observed at the SAC-2Ni/Ni interface on whole aging process. Based on the compositional analysis, the amount of Ni within the IMC regions increased as the proportion of Ni addition increased. The IMC (NiCu)₃Sn₄ layer thickness on the interface of SAC and SAC-0.5Ni grew more slowly when compared to that of SAC-1Ni and -2Ni, while for the (CuNi)₆Sn₅ layer the reverse is true. Except the IMCs sizes are increased with increased aging time, the interfacial IMCs tended to transfer their morphologies to polyhedra. In all composite joints testing, the shear strengths were approximately equal to non-composite joints. The fracturing observed during shear testing of composite joints occurred in the bulk solder, indicating that the SAC-xNi/Ni solder joints had a desirable joint reliability.     

有机发光二极管中ADN掺杂ErQ的1.54μm电致发光

自行设计了基于8-羟基喹啉铒(ErQ)为发射层(EMLs)和二硝酰胺铵(ADN)为蓝光主体材料的近红外有机发光二级管.器件的基本结构为(p-Si/NPB/EML/Bphen/Bphen:Cs2CO3/Sm/Au),设计并比较了三套不同发射层结构(ErQ/ADN为双层结构器件,(ErQ/ADN)×3为多层结构器件,ErQ:ADN为掺杂结构器件)的器件.三组器件在一定的偏压下,均可发出1.54μm的光,对应三价铒离子4I13/2→4I15/2的跃迁.其中,ADN:ErQ(1∶1)掺杂结构的近红外电致发光强度是ADN/ErQ双层结构中的三倍.此外,不同掺杂浓度的ADN:ErQ复合膜做了以下表征:吸收谱、光致发光谱和荧光寿命谱.实验结果证实了在近红外电致发光过程中存在从ADN主体分子到ErQ发射分子的高效率的能量转移.     

BNBST无铅压电陶瓷的制备工艺研究

设计了（Bi0.55Na0.5）1-X（BaaSrb）xTiO3（BNBST[100x-100a／100b]）无铅压电陶瓷新体系。该体系压电陶瓷具有工艺特性及压电响应好，压电常数高的特点，且有实际应用前景的新型压电陶瓷材料体系。采用传统的陶瓷工艺制备了（Bi0.55Na0.5）1-X（BaaSrb）xTiO3无铅压电陶瓷，研究了制备工艺参数对其物化结构性能的影响。生料的热重-差热（TGA-DTA）分析表明，粉料合成过程中，先是SrTiO3、BaTiO3的形成，然后是（Bi0．5Na0．5）Tio，的形成，同时三者形成固溶体；密度测试表明，陶瓷的体积密度随烧结温度的升高而增大，可较易获得理论密度94％的陶瓷；X-射线能谱分析（EDAX）研究表明，陶瓷的Bi、Na的挥发随着烧结温度的升高而加剧。研究结果表明，要制备性能优良的无铅压电陶瓷，需要精确控制制备工艺。     

Emerging interconnects: a state-of-the-art review and emerging solutions

Aluminium was a primary material for interconnection in integrated circuits (ICs) since their inception. Later, copper was introduced as interconnect material which has better metallic conductivity and resistance to electromigration. As the aggressive technology scaling continues, the copper resistivity increased because of size effects, which causes increase in delay, power dissipation and electromigration. The need to reduce the resistor-capacitor??????? delay, dynamic power utilisation and the crosstalk commotion is as of now the fundamental main impetus behind the presentation of new materials. The purpose of this paper is to do a survey of interconnect material used in IC from introduction of ICs to till date. This paper studies and reviews new materials available for interconnect application which are optical interconnects, carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and silicon nanowires which are alternatives to copper. While doing a survey of interconnect material, it is found that multiwalled CNTs, multilayer GNR and mixed CNT bundles are promising candidates and are ultimate choice that can strongly address the problems faced by copper but on integration basis copper would last for coming years.     

聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑发光及其器件制备

采用光谱技术,研究了聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑(PBO)溶液的光敏发光特性,并用相对法估算出溶液发光效率在50%范围.结合光谱技术、半导体电学和电化学等研究手段,具体研究了以PBO为发光层的单层电致发光器件,研究结果显示,电致发光与薄膜的光致发光有具有相同的发光中心,峰值位于510 nm左右.同时发现,由于存制备过程中不同处理条件使得不同厚度薄膜残留的掺杂物质浓度不同,从而引起薄膜的导电性的不同.使得器件的阈值场强随PBO厚度的减小而逐渐增加.     

钠离子对poly(dT).poly(dA).poly(dT)三螺旋DNA分子呼吸模式的影响

利用分子结构的螺旋对称性,建立了一个包括钠离子的三链DNA分子poly(dT)*poly(dA)*poly(dT)的晶格动力学模型,计算了poly(dT)*poly(dA)*poly(dT)的氢键呼吸模式.结果发现钠离子的加入明显地淬灭了位于较低频率的几个最为强烈的Hoogensteen氢键呼吸模式,而对Watson-Crick氢键呼吸模式影响不明显,这说明钠离子能提高poly(dT)*poly(dA)*poly(dT)三螺旋结构的稳定性.该计算结果很好地解释了poly(dT)*poly(dA)*poly(dT)的热融化实验.     

人小肠粘膜免疫酶的定位研究—光镜和电镜免疫组织化学染色法

本文对免疫酶组织化学的样品制备程序和染色方法做了详细的阐述。用直接法、间接法和ABC法,对人小肠免疫酶的定位,进行了光镜和电镜的观察,染色阳性反应显著,获得了满意的效果。并对染色技巧做了分析和探讨。     

Arsenic deposition as a precursor layer on silicon (211) and (311) surfaces

We investigate the properties of arsenic (As) covered Si(211) and Si(311) surfaces by analyzing data from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) images. We then create a model using total surface energy calculations. It was found that both Si(211) and Si(311) had 0.68±0.08 surface As coverage. Si(211) had 0.28±0.04 Te coverage and Si(311) had 0.24±0.04 Te coverage. The Si(211) surface replaces the terrace and trench Si atoms with As for a lower surface energy, while the Si edge atoms form dimers. The Si(311) surface replaces all terrace atoms and adsorbs an As dimer every other edge site. These configurations imply an improvement in the mean migration path from the bare silicon surface by allowing the impinging atoms for the next epitaxial layer, tellurium (Te), to bind at every other pair of edge atoms, and not the step terrace sites. This would ensure a nonpolar, B-face growth.     

盲多用户检测技术中的恒模算法分析

恒模算法（CMA）是一种广泛应用于阵列处理、均衡和多用户检测中的盲算法。现对恒模算法及其在盲多用户检测技术中的应用进行了分析,并指出其研究方向。     

Joint estimation of TOA and DOA in IR-UWB system using a successive propagator method

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) ranging and positioning require accurate estimation of time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA). With receiver of two antennas, both of the TOA and DOA parameters can be estimated via two-dimensional (2D) propagator method (PM), in which the 2D spectral peak searching, however, renders much higher computational complexity. This paper proposes a successive PM algorithm for joint TOA and DOA estimation in IR-UWB system to avoid 2D spectral peak searching. The proposed algorithm firstly gets the initial TOA estimates in the two antennas from the propagation matrix, then utilises successively one-dimensional (1D) local searches to achieve the estimation of TOAs in the two antennas, and finally obtains the DOA estimates via the difference in the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm, which only requires 1D local searches, can avoid the high computational cost in 2D-PM algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired parameters and has better joint TOA and DOA estimation performance than conventional PM algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and matrix pencil algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close parameter estimation to that of 2D-PM algorithm. We have also derived the mean square error of TOA and DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of TOA and DOA estimation in this paper. The simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.