高频海洋回波谱电离层污染及实验研究

根据电离层对高频天波海洋回波Doppler谱影响的研究,结合高频天波返回散射探测站获得的海洋回波谱,对观测到的高频海洋回波谱Doppler频移、多Bragg峰及Doppler展宽等现象进行研究,阐明了电离层运动、电波传播模式、多径、电波相位路径的非线性变化与高频海洋回波谱之间的关系.初步验证了造成高频海洋回波谱污染的原因.     

电离层对高频海洋回波Doppler谱的影响

根据电离层对高频天波海洋回波Doppler谱影响的研究,对已发现的高频海洋回波谱产生Doppler频移、多Bragg峰及Doppler展宽等现象进行研究,阐明了电离层运动、电波传播模式、多径、电波相位路径的非线性变化及雷达参数与雷达回波谱之间的关系.指出了造成高频海洋回波Doppler谱污染的原因.     

天波超视距雷达海洋回波谱特性研究

根据高频电磁波与海面相互作用产生Bragg谐振散射的特性,首先对一阶和二阶海杂波的产生机理进行了理论分析,然后结合Barrick提出的一阶、二阶散射理论对海洋回波谱进行了模拟。最后详细地研究了洋流、海态、雷达工作参数、电离层等因素对海洋回波谱的影响,并在天波超视距雷达体制下,建立了其海洋回波谱多普勒频率模型,为全面研究海杂波及天波超视距雷达目标检测提供了理论依据。     

宽波束高频雷达海洋回波的统计特性

高频(HF)雷达海洋探测是典型的粗糙面对电波的散射问题.从已有理论分析了宽波束高频地波雷达海洋回波的特点,再利用实验数据研究了回波谱的归一化标准差和杂波信号相关时间的变化规律及特性,建立了各谱区合适的统计模型并分析了某些模型参数随距离的变化规律,为优化海洋学实验设计、改进海态反演方法和低速移动目标检测提供了有力的依据.     

高频雷达海洋回波谱特性及影响其质量的因素

本文从高频雷达海洋回波说形成机理出发，分别讨论了海态，电离层等对高频雷达海洋回波谱的影响。     

多功能HF雷达海洋回波谱模拟软件

介绍了一种多功能的ＨＦ雷达海洋回波谱模拟软件，该软件是基于Ｂａｒｒｉｃｋ一阶，二阶ＨＦ雷达海洋散射截面方程并考虑了影响海洋因波Ｄｏｐｐｌｅｒ谱的多个因素编制而成的。     

基于高频雷达二阶海洋回波的风速反演算法研究与应用

基于高频电磁波与海洋表面的散射机制,以雷达二阶散射截面方程为理论依据。首先,进行了从高频雷达二阶海洋 回波谱中反演饱和风速的算法理论近似,讨论算法运用的前提条件;其次进行了饱和风速与二阶谱峰频率的关系式推导;然后,利用高频地波雷达模拟海洋回波谱数据对算法进行了可行性验证,证明该算法特定风速范围内有较好的反演结果; 最后,将算法应用于实测高频地波雷达海洋回波多普勒谱进行了饱和风速反演,并进行了反演结果分析与误差分析。 结果分析表明:该算法在满足理论近似条件的前提下能有效提取海面饱和风速信息。     

风廓线雷达地物杂波抑制研究

风廓线雷达是探测大气风场和湍流的有效工具,其回波易受地物杂波干扰,使得雷达回波谱变得复杂,为了提高雷达探测精度,地物杂波抑制是风廓线雷达信号或谱处理重要的一部分.介绍了一般地物杂波抑制方法并分析其不足,研究了频域中地物杂波和雷达大气回波谱特征,结合大气回波谱倾斜度分析,提出了基于未受污染大气回波谱高斯最小二乘拟合地物杂波抑制方法,研究表明,该方法在地物杂波抑制处理上是可行的.     

一种风廓线雷达谱矩估计方法研究

在风廓线雷达谱数据处理中,雷达低层距离库探测的谱数据通常出现地杂波与大气回波谱交叠的情况,为了有效抑制杂波干扰,并提高雷达探测范围和精度,需要对大气回波谱的谱矩进行有效估计.文中通过对多普勒回波功率谱分析,提出了一种基于高斯拟合估计雷达回波谱谱矩的方法,与常规方法比较,在低层距离库谱矩估计得到有效改进.     

MUSIC算法提取海洋表面径向流方位的信号预处理

阐述从高频地波雷达海洋回波反演海洋表面流中,使用MUSIC算法提取径向流方位必须的信号预处理.海洋回波首先经线性调频中断连续波(FMICW)波形解调,分成不同距离元海洋回波.在各通道独立接收的海洋回波谱分析的基础上,针对每一距离元进行通道幅度的软件校准.接着从每一距离元合成的海洋回波多普勒功率谱中,分离包含海洋表面流信息的一阶谱区,再依据“局部噪声阈值扣除法”确定其中的可用信号.最终由MUSIC算法提取每一可用信号(其频偏对应径向流速)的多个存在方位,从而获得海洋表面径向流场的完整信息.本文阐述预处理使用的各种算法、效果及实测信号的部分处理结果.     

Measurement of oceanic wind speed from HF sea scatter by skywave radar

Remote measurements of the spatial mean ocean wind speeds were obtained using Doppler spectra resolved to 0.08 Hz from high-resolution HF skywave-radar backscatter measurements of the ocean surface. A standard deviation of 2.4 m/s resulted from the correlation of observed winds over the ocean and the broadening of the Doppler spectra in the vicinity of the higher first-order Bragg line. This broadening, for Doppler spectra unperturbed by the ionospheric propagation, is proportional to the increase in power caused by higher order hydrodynamic and electromagnetic effects in the vicinity of the Bragg line and inversely proportional to the square root of the radio frequency. A lower bound on the measure of wind speed was established at 5 m/s by the low resolution spectral processing and low second-order power. An upper limit is suggested by the steep slope in the region of the sea backscatter spectrum outside the square root of two times the first-order Bragg line Doppler.     

Estimating wind speed from HF skywave radar sea backscatter

Linear expressions relating ocean surface wind speed to a theoretical estimate of the - 10 dB width of the high frequency (HF) sea echo Doppler spectrum (0.078 Hz Doppler shift frequency resolution) are derived for different radar frequencies. The -10 dB width, determined from theoretical model estimates of the Doppler spectrum as a function of radar frequency for a wide range of ocean wave conditions, changes in a complex way with the continuum of second-order echoes surrounding the stronger first-order echo. Because the amplitude of the second-order echoes is directly related to changes in the directional ocean wave spectrum, the wind speed estimates derived from these expressions are highly dependent on the wave field (both the total energy and its distribution with direction); significant differences in these expressions are also found, for example, between fetch-limited and fully developed seas, and for wind seas and swell. These expressions are extremely difficult to use experimentally to obtain reliable estimates of wind speed because a priori knowledge of the wave field is required to apply the correct expression, and yet this knowledge cannot be determined from the unresolved second-order structure at this spectral resolution. Several Doppler spectra recorded under known ocean wind and wave conditions illustrate the difficulty in applying these theoretical expressions to estimate wind speed. We conclude that the -10 dB width is not a good estimator of wind speed. Wind speed estimates are better obtained from HF radar spectra by first estimating the directional wind-wave spectrum from the second-order echoes (0.01 Hz Doppler shift frequency resolution) and then computing wind speed from a wind-wave prediction model.     

基于信号阻塞矩阵检测OTHR舰船目标

为了提高天波超视距雷达目标检测效能,实战中要求在短相干积累条件下检测舰船目标。但是短相干积累时间会导致回波谱的多普勒分辨率降低,增加从强大的海杂波中检测出舰船目标的难度。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于信号阻塞矩阵检测海面舰船目标的新方法。该方法通过构造阻塞矩阵对海杂波进行抑制,使舰船目标最终显现出来。与传统的Root海杂波迭代对消法相比较,新方法不需要估计信号的幅度和初相,缩短了计算时间,减小了估计误差,且能在低信噪比或目标多普勒频率靠近一阶Bragg峰的情况下获得更佳的目标检测性能。以上结论和比较得到了模拟和实测数据的验证。     

恶劣海况下高频信号多跳传播特性分析

保持与陆地的联系对于船只在浩瀚的海洋中航行非常重要。来自陆地的高频信号经电离层和海面多次折反射后到达船只,受到不同海况的传播衰减特性影响。针对粗糙海面反射模型,从建立海面波动方程出发,考虑到波浪屏蔽对信号的影响,建立了新的反射衰减模型。利用该模型进行仿真,得到高频信号超视距海上传播的最大跳变规律。分析了湍流海面和平静海面对高频信号衰减的差异,揭示了海浪遮挡是引起差异的主要因素。对于航行在波涛汹涌的海面上的船舶,建立了包含浪和涌特征的多路径反射叠加模型,该模型考虑了大尺度波和小尺度波的海面情况,更加接近实际情况。最后利用所建立的模型计算了高频信号的最大跳数和通信距离。     

天发舰收高频雷达一阶海杂波电磁散射特性分析

天发舰收高频雷达是对传统固定平台条件下天地波雷达系统的延伸,由于舰载平台运动和传播信道中电离层的影响,使得一阶海杂波谱呈现出更多特点.本文根据Walsh模型中一阶电场方程,推导得到了天发舰收传播模式下一阶海面散射截面积的解析表达式.然后,根据表达式对不同因素对一阶谱的影响进行仿真分析.仿真结果表明雷达工作频率、舰载平台运动和电离层水平漂移运动是引起一阶海杂波谱多普勒展宽的主要原因,风向主要影响一阶海杂波谱的形态变化,而这一特点为根据一阶海杂波谱进行海洋遥感提供了可能.     

Delay-Doppler analysis of bistatically reflected signals from theocean surface: theory and application

We present a new stochastic theory for delay-Doppler mapping of the ocean surface for bistatic scattering. This stochastic theory should complement nicely the previous theories for the Global Positioning System (GPS) reflected signals from ocean surfaces, especially that of Zavorotny and Voronovich (2000). We quantify the Doppler spread of the reflected signal before interpreting the delay. Our theoretical results compare very well to Doppler spectra computed using data collected during an airborne campaign. The bandwidth of the spectra is linked to the geometry and to the ocean roughness. The bulk of the Doppler spread is caused by the rms slope and not by the surface orbital velocity. Our stochastic theory is generalized to include the delay mapping made possible by the existence of the pseudorandom noise code on the GPS L-band carrier. These results can be seen as a generalization of Woodward's theorem for FM signals to delay-Doppler analysis of more complicated signals. Our formulation is amenable to inversion for the determination of geophysical parameters such as surface wind vector and mean sea level. Another novelty in our approach is the inclusion of the sea state     

高频返回散射台风跟踪技术实验研究

高频返回散射海面回波Doppler谱中存在着两个明显的峰（称之为一阶Bragg峰）,研究表明两个峰值的大小与海面风向有关,根据这种关系对反演海面风向以及台风位置作了研究,利用中国电波传播研究所高频返回散射探测站的固定频率探测数据进行实验,绘制出了2007年9月台风“韦帕”的风向场图与路径图,并与气象部门实际台风数据进行比较,较好地反映出了海面风向场、台风中心位置与台风经历的路线,表明高频返回散射探测系统可以应用于海洋气象监测中。     

HF radar wave and wind measurement over the Eastern China Sea

High-frequency (HF) radar can be employed to measure sea surface state parameters such as waveheight, wind field, and surface current velocity. This paper describes the application of the HF ground wave radar in remote sensing the surface conditions over the Eastern China Sea in October 2000. The radar, referred to as the OSMAR2000, was developed by Wuhan University. Preliminary wave spectra, waveheights, and wind fields estimated from the collected data are presented and compared with ship-recorded measurements where such are available. The range for wind direction sensing is up to 200 km. Wave information and wind speed can be provided up to a range of 120 km. The mean difference between radar- and ship-measured significant waveheight is 0.323 m; wind direction is measured within 20/spl deg/; and wind speed to within 0.6 m/s. With such agreement being fairly reasonable, the feasibility of the inversion algorithm and the ocean state real-time sensing capability of OSMAR2000 are demonstrated.