《青年与科学》与抗日战争时期的科技传播

《青年与科学》是抗日战争时期在重庆创办的通俗科学刊物,提倡科学研究与普及科学知识为其办刊宗旨。《青年与科学》介绍和传播了基础科技知识、科技新发明和新发现以及科学人物,同时刊登科学评论引导社会舆论。《青年与科学》的传播内容围绕军事和抗战,适应抗战的时代需求,传播内容具有实用性和亲近性的特点。写作上通俗性与科学性相结合。稿件多由专家、学者撰写,具有严谨性和权威性。传播手段上注重与读者进行互动。《青年与科学》在抗日战争的特殊时期传播了科学技术知识,为普及科学知识,唤起民众的科学救国意识做出了积极的贡献。     

关于科普图书策划和创作中科普思路的思考

科普作品由于其内容的特殊性,要求其作者拥有科技知识背景、受过科研训练,甚至本身就是一线科研工作者。而科学实践的经历,会使科研工作者在思维方式和著述习惯上形成刻板的科研思路。本文给出了对科研思路和科普思路的一般性描述,提出了好的科普作品的三重境界、科普思路的时代性等,并结合经典和典型科普作品的分析,对科普思路进行解析。     

抗日战争时期《东方杂志》的科技传播

《东方杂志》是中国近代出版时间最长、具有重要影响力的综合性期刊。抗日战争时期《东方杂志》包含了较多的科技内容,积极进行科技传播。《东方杂志》科技类文章以述评为主,科技消息较少。科技类文章与战争和当时的社会环境密切相关,图文结合的方式提升了传播效果,巧用补白处刊登趣味性的科学小文章,广告和书籍推介版块也承担了一定的科普功能,设立"医事卫生顾问"栏目以灵活的问答形式进行医学卫生知识传播。虽然经历了抗日战争的动荡和波折,《东方杂志》仍然在促进中国社会科技的发展和提升民众的科学知识中发挥了重要作用。     

Meeting Minutes as a Rhetorical Genre: Discrepancies Between Professional Writing Textbooks and Workplace Practice Tutorial

Unlike experienced collaborators, student teams often attempt to collaborate without effective documentation of meetings. This tendency may be exacerbated by professional writing textbooks, which rarely mention minutes in their chapters on collaboration and provide ineffective examples of meeting minutes that follow a parliamentary style of minutes rather than the action-oriented style that is the norm in most workplace settings. Interviews with three engineering managers are supported by published research in professional communication to show how meeting minutes are essential to projecting a team forward by solidifying consensus and holding individuals accountable for actions. A short exercise designed to teach students how effective minutes function as a management tool is presented along with observational evidence of the exercise's effect on student team practices in both professional writing and computer science team projects     

化学题材科学小品的发展历程与创作技巧研究

科学小品被看作是科学与文学联姻的产物。科学小品的文体特征随时代的变迁而逐渐沉淀并不断发展。不同时代背景的化学题材科学小品在内容和创作风格上有所差别。擅长于化学题材科学小品创作的作者在探索创作技巧和特点凝炼上做出了积极贡献。化学题材科学小品的未来值得期待。     

苏联科普作品对中国科普发展影响研究

苏联在科学技术事业取得辉煌成就的同时,也在大力普及科学知识,出现了一批优秀的科普作家。与此同时,苏联优秀的科普作品不断被引介到中国,对中国科普事业的发展产生了深远的影响。本文通过梳理苏联科普作品对中国科普事业发展影响的三个主要阶段:苏联科普作品的初步译介时期、苏联科普作品在中国翻译出版的繁荣时期和重温经典时期,论述苏联科普作品对中国科普事业发展的重要作用,剖析苏联科普作品在中国读者中长盛不衰的原因,并对现阶段中国的科普创作提出建议。     

关于科技博物馆教育活动开发的若干思考

科学技术的发展,对科学教育提出更高的要求,提升公众,特别是未成年人的科学素养已经成为科普工作的重中之重。中共中央国务院于2006年印发的《全民科学素质行动计划纲要》明确指出“要鼓励和支持科技馆等科普场馆……开展科学教育和培训”。因此,作为公众的科普场所,科技博物馆必须为青少年开发相应的教育活动。笔者总结了发达国家博物馆的科学教育活动经验,认为科技博物馆内的教育活动开发应该遵从年龄针对性、互动性、新奇性、趣味性,以及结合学校课程和青少年的生活经验的原则;在此基础上,笔者还提出了一些可借鉴的活动形式,如以体验、探究为中心的活动和长时间卷入的展品、科普表演剧等。     

太赫兹科学与技术

太赫兹电磁波段的开发和利用具有重大的科学意义和潜在的应用价值,太赫兹科学技术已经成为本世纪最为重要的科技问题之一,除了本身具有很多重大的科学问题之外,它还是一种非常有效的研究手段。介绍了太赫兹科学技术的发展历史及国内外相关的发展情况,列举了太赫兹波的独特性质,概述了太赫兹科学技术在基础研究领域和应用研究领域的新进展。     

顾均正科学小品创作及特点研究

顾均正是我国著名的现代科普作家、出版家,他一生孜孜不倦,一直坚持科普作品的创作。他笔下的科学小品文,既包含严谨精确的科学知识,也不乏风趣生动的文学形态。本文从顾均正科学小品的选题角度、呈现形式以及小品文文本分析其创作特色,并对当代科普写作提出了几点建议:关注时事;增强创新;注重趣味。     

信息时代背景下计算机科学技术的应用

随着信息全球化的快速发展,人们的生活和工作越来越智能化。其中,计算机科学技术在现代社会的生产和生活中占有非常重要的地位,公众的学习和生活与计算机科学技术密不可分。文章阐述了计算机科学技术的发展历史和发展特点,对于计算机科学技术在信息时代的发展战略进行了重点分析,并对计算机科学技术在各领域的应用展开了有效讨论,目的是促进信息技术和计算机科学技术更好更快的发展。     

科学之美——科学与全民美学素质

美是一种自然、社会和艺术互相交融的范畴,在科学中发挥着神奇的作用。综观科学史,科学美发源于古希腊毕达哥拉斯学派的数学理性传统。科学之美表现了人类生存和发展、进步的过程,也体现了自然存在之美。科学美已经成为科学家们从事科学探索的强大动力,也成为了联结科学和人文的纽带。培养全民的美学素质既有助于大众养成良好的人生价值观,也有助于建设社会主义和谐社会。     

科协系统科普场所发挥未成年人校外科技教育作用的现状及对策研究

科协系统发挥未成年人校外科技教育作用的科普场所主要有科技馆《科学中心》、青少年科学工作室、农村校外青少年学习中心等,文章对它们开展的活动、队伍建设、管理体制。资金投入方面的情况进行了梳理,认为科普场所开展的活动在展教理念,活动内容、服务能力及与学校科学教育的衔接等方面还存在一定的问题,针对问题提出要坚持以人为本、加强资源整合、加强内容建设和队伍建设等对策。     

A literature citation study of science-technology coupling in electronics

By tracing the citations made by authors in the IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices to the Physical Review and other scientific journals, a record of information flows from science to technology was obtained. Evaluation of this record revealed the importance of a group of industrial scientists who serve as an intellectual bridge between the scientific and technological sectors. It was found that the scientific papers cited in the IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices tend to be considerably older than the techological papers cited therein. Moreover, the median age of the Physical Review papers cited has been increasing over time, from about five years during the late 1950's to more than ten years during 1971-1975. The number of Physical Review papers cited per year by authors of Transactions papers on solid-state technology has been growing somewhat over the past two decades, but the percentage of the citations which are to the Physical Review and other scientific journals has fallen. This suggests that the magnitude of science-technoloy coupling has been increasing, but at a rate slower than the overall growth of the solid-state components field.     

Women, Scientists, Agitators: Magazine Portrayal of Rachel Carson and Theo Colborn

This study utilized a theoretical framework of the media's role in reporting conflict and uncertain science, and feminism and science in a thematic analysis of magazine coverage given Rachel Carson and "the Rachel Carson of the '90s," Theo Colborn. Carson and Colborn's identities as women, scientists, and agitators led critics to charge that their work was nonscience or they were nonfeminine. Their scientific claims, which were essentially co-opted, blurred nature/culture boundaries and challenged the power structure and scientific authority. Discussion centers on the media's role in reifying the epistemic authority of science and media portrayal of female scientist-agitators who step outside the boundaries of traditional science.     

基于DEA的科技成果转化绩效评价研究

有效的科技成果转化会产生巨大的经济效益,而对科技成果转化绩效进行科学合理的评价,则是提高科技成果转化效率的关键。文中选择DEA法,对我国30多个区域的科技投入及科技成果转化绩效展开研究。研究结果在一定程度上客观反应了我国各区域科技成果转化状况,并且利用DEA方法探讨了对评价对象所处的位置和某些区域评价对象非有效的原因,提出了评价对象非有效改进的建议。     

高士其科普作品中的隐喻分析

对专业科学文本进行修辞分析和话语研究是科学修辞学和科学知识社会学的研究内容,这些研究揭示出科学知识的社会建构过程。本文借鉴已有的研究方法,通过分析高士其科普文本的隐喻,探寻其科普作品隐喻生成的原因,揭示出科普创作中不可避免地受到社会因素、意识形态的影响,带有很强的主观性,而这些带有主观性的科普作品对于读者阅读、理解、接受和传播科学起到了一定的消极作用。     

新媒体语境下的“草根”科普：体会与建言

在新媒体时代,"草根科普"成为一种独特的科学亚文化现象。笔者以一名"草根科普作者"的身份,介绍在新媒体时代从事科普创作的切身体会。并结合现代科学传播理论提出科普应"呼应时代要求、展示科学精神、承担公民责任"等观点,及促进科普事业发展的诸多对策。     

Information Equity, Public Understanding of Science, and the Biotechnology Debate

Contrary to common assumptions within the scientific community, media effects are largely long-term and indirect, coverage does not always overrepresent fringe positions, and messages are interpreted actively by audience members. Lay publics associate more risk with science and technology in their social context than with the underlying science itself, and general attitudes toward science influence the degree of risk associated with particular new developments. Biotechnology, new and highly complex, is used as a case to further explore media effects issues for science. The range of issues that surfaces when nonscientists are asked to evaluate risks is not easily influenced by the narrow, source-dominated coverage characteristic of this topic. The interests of the scientific community would be better served by news addressing the full range of ethical, social, economic, and policy issues with which the public is concerned.     

Creating an interactive science murder mystery game: the optimal experience of flow

Traditional in-class writing assignments often fail to engage students effectively. This problem may be compounded when students are forced into group projects, where a student may rightly feel that he or she could complete the entire assignment more effectively alone than the whole group could working together. In an attempt to alleviate these concerns, I assigned my university science writing class-half Professional Writing majors, half science majors and minors-the creation of an interactive, electronic murder mystery game. The students used PowerPoint to create linked slides in which the clues and cause of death were scientific information. While working on this assignment in class, a number of students forgot the time and kept working long after class was over. Several students reported losing track of time and place when working on the game at home.     

中美六家科技类博物馆网站科学传播内容分析

对中美六家科技类博物馆网站进行了内容分析,将科技类博物馆网站科学传播内容划分为科学事实、科学研究过程、科学理论、科学工作心得及科学研究的社会意义等五个方面。中美科技类博物馆网站在内容的丰富程度、与实体场馆相关性侧重及对科学内涵的展现上具有一定差异。美国科技类博物馆网站科学传播内容的设计对我国科技类博物馆网站内容的利用和完善有一定借鉴意义。