基于混沌扩频序列的RFID防碰撞算法分析

为了解决射频识别系统（RFID）中的多标签防碰撞问题,在分析了时隙A10HA算法的基础上提出了一种基于混沌序列扩频的时隙ALOHA算法,该算法的标签ID序列通过混沌扩频序列Chebyshev序列扩频而获得扩频信号,阅读器通过接收扩频信号并对其解扩得到标签ID序列．通过建立数学模型对算法进行了分析,仿真实验结果表明扩频ALOHA算法可显著提高系统吞吐量,并且当负载G接近于N时,系统吞吐量Sc接近于最大值．     

时隙ALOHA DS/CDMA系统与多载波时隙ALOHA系统吞吐性能的比较研究

该文对同样带宽下时隙 ALOHA DS/CDMA系统和多载波时隙 ALOHA系统的吞吐量进行了理论计算、比较和仿真。结果表明,在总负载较大时,采用高纠错能力的时隙 ALOHA DS/CDMA系统可以在吞吐量上有更好的性能。但若网络负载过重,时隙ALOHA DS/CDMA系统的吞吐性能较多载波时隙ALOHA的系统下降快;码字总数受限会带来码字选择的冲突,从而降低系统的吞吐性能。     

基于最优化原理的RFID系统中的ALOHA防碰撞算法研究

无线射频识别(RFID)系统中的多个标签同时应答时会引起数据碰撞现象,使阅读器能正确读取信息所使用算法称为防碰撞算法.本文研究了目前RFID系统中常用的防碰撞算法,包括时隙ALOHA(S-ALOHA),纯ALOHA(P-ALOHA)和帧ALOHA(F-ALOHA),同时基于最优化原理对ALOHA防碰撞算法进行了改进.仿真结果表明采用最优化原理改进的ALOHA算法相比较现有RFID系统中常用的ALOHA防碰撞算法有明显的优越性,使得系统获得最佳的传输时隙及数据包大小,得到高吞吐率,低错误率,从而提高系统的工作效率.     

一种改进的动态帧时隙ALOHA算法

射频识别系统的最大缺点之一是当标签碰撞时的低标签识别效率。传统的射频识别防碰撞算法在标签数量庞大时,解读标签所需的时隙数会成倍增加。为了解决这一问题,文章提出一种改进的动态时隙ALOHA算法,它根据标签数调整每帧中的时隙数,以使系统能以高吞吐量工作,缩短读取时间,提高了整个系统的效率。     

基于ALOHA算法的RFID防碰撞技术研究

在RFID系统中,由于多标签引起的冲突一直是影响系统性能的主要问题。ALOHA算法是解决标签碰撞问题最有效的方法之一。当系统中标签数过多时,帧时隙ALOHA算法和动态帧时隙ALOHA算法,都会降低系统效率。因此我们提出一种利用二进制树形分组的时隙ALHOA算法。由于只需要对标签进行简单分组就可以有效的提高ALOHA算法的效率,所以此方法更具有实际意义。     

无线Ad Hoc网络中基于活跃节点数预测的时隙ALOHA算法

针对采用时隙ALOHA算法的无线Ad Hoc网络,考虑数据包到达的动态性与数据包传输的随机性,以最大化吞吐量为目标,同时满足数据队列稳定性,构建了关于接纳控制与竞争接入的随机优化问题。由于在时隙ALOHA算法中数据包传输的最优概率取决于无线Ad Hoc网络中数据队列非空的活跃节点数,提出了一种基于活跃节点数预测的时隙ALOHA算法。该算法要求无线Ad Hoc网络中的所有发送节点实时地侦听通信信道的忙闲状态,计算基于信道状态的活跃节点数条件期望,从而动态地预测无线Ad Hoc网络在不同时刻的活跃节点数,达到网络节点依据局部网络状态信息自适应地优化数据包传输概率的目的。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够有效估计无线Ad Hoc网络在每个时隙的活跃节点数,从而显著提升网络吞吐量并且降低数据包的平均排队时延。     

无源RFID自适应帧时隙防碰撞算法研究

射频识别RFID作为一种重要的物联网终端数据采集技术,系统的吞吐率直接影响着数据采集终端的性能,但目前广泛应用于无源RFID系统的帧时隙类防碰撞算法吞吐率普遍较低.本文着重分析了影响无源RFID帧时隙类ALOHA防碰撞算法性能两类因素：帧长和碰撞时隙的处理方式,通过构建和求解帧长调整和标签碰撞的数学模型,给出了无源RFID帧时隙类ALOHA防碰撞算法的具体优化途径和方案：帧长自适应调整和碰撞实时散列.在此基础上提出了自适应二进制散列帧时隙ALOHA防碰撞算法-ABSFSA.实验结果表明ABSFSA算法在同等条件下可以有效减少无效时隙,明显将RFID系统的吞吐率稳定提高到45%.本文的研究工作为无源RFID帧时隙类防碰撞算法的优化提供了可供参考的数学模型,同时对提升物联网数据采集终端的性能具有一定的应用价值.     

扩展ALOHA随机多址接入技术及其在WCDMA中的应用

本文分析了纯ALOHA和时隙ALOHA的工作原理 ,给出了两者吞吐量的性能表达式 ,并作出了比较。最后介绍了扩展ALOHA在WCDMA中的应用。     

数字集群中信道争用问题的ALOHA协议研究

目前在数字集群通信系统中采用时分多址技术,通过信道共用的方法,较好的解决了频率资源紧张的问题.然而信道共用必须要解决好信息"碰撞"问题.ALOHA算法是运用比较普遍的一种解决信道争用算法,文中对ALOHA算法及其衍生算法进行研究,并提出优化的防碰撞算法,采用动态估算碰撞时隙数,满足在呼叫时以最大吞吐量进行工作.     

可并行识别的超高频RFID系统防碰撞性能研究

对超高频射频识别(RFID)系统的防碰撞问题进行了分析.提出了基于动态帧时隙ALOHA(DFSA)协议与正交可变扩频因子码(OVSF)作为扩频码的码分多址技术相结合的超高频RFID系统,实现了在单一时隙内最多可并行识别m个RFID应答器,m为OVSF扩频码长度.对提出的RFID系统期望的系统吞吐量进行了理论分析,仿真结果表明其防碰撞性能显著超过了现有的基于动态帧时隙ALOHA(DFSA)协议的超高频RFID系统的防碰撞性能.     

Performance analysis of slotted ALOHA and network coding for single-relay multi-user wireless networks

Deployment of wireless relay nodes can enhance system capacity, extend wireless service coverage, and reduce energy consumption in wireless networks. Network coding enables us to mix two or more packets into a single coded packet at relay nodes and improve performances in wireless relay networks. In this paper, we succeed in developing analytical models of the throughput and delay on slotted ALOHA (S-ALOHA) and S-ALOHA with network coding (S-ALOHA/NC) for single-relay multi-user wireless networks with bidirectional data flows. The analytical models involve effects of queue saturation and unsaturation at the relay node. The throughput and delay for each user node can be extracted from the total throughput and delay by using the analytical models. One can formulate various optimization problems on traffic control in order to maximize the throughput, minimize the delay, or achieve fairness of the throughput or the delay. In particular, we clarify that the total throughput is enhanced in the S-ALOHA/NC protocol on condition that the transmission probability at the relay node is set at the value on the boundary between queue saturation and unsaturation. Our analysis provides achievable regions in throughput on two directional data flows at the relay node for both the S-ALOHA and S-ALOHA/NC protocols. As a result, we show that the achievable region in throughput can be enhanced by using network coding and traffic control.     

移动代理WSN网络中信道Sift MAC协议

介绍了一种采用移动代理的无线传感器(WSN)网络,该网络系统由移动代理节点负责复杂数据处理、接入处理、数据转发传输、路由维护等工作,与一般WSN网络相比具有节能优势。该网络系统MAC层采用S-ALOHA协议,不仅网络吞吐量低而且能耗大,依据网络结构特点提出了采用基于信噪比(SNR)的信道Sift协议。仿真验证该协议大大提高了网络吞吐量和降低了网络系统能耗。     

Investigation of slotted ALOHA under Nakagami fading with synchronized and asynchronous cochannel cells

The throughput performance of slotted ALOHA (S-ALOHA) in a cellular system and Nakagami fading environment is studied. Based on the signal capture model, the effects of multiple access interference (MAI) from in-cell users and of cochannel interference (CCI) from cochannel cells are quantified analytically. Especially considered are the cases when asynchronism of cochannel cells is present, for which an approximation of the interference distribution is successfully applied to get a highly precise expression of the system throughput. Our study shows that, though the MAI level and capture effect determine the basic behavior of the S-ALOHA, CCI significantly reduces the throughput of S-ALOHA and asynchronous CCI introduces an especially severe impairment. Our analytical framework is also able to incorporate additional channel conditions and system parameters like lognormal shadowing and the cellular cluster size.     

Optical S-ALOHA/CDMA systems for multirate applications: architecture, performance evaluation, and system stability

In this paper, a new multirate optical network based on a hybrid slotted-ALOHA (S-ALOHA)/overlapped code division multiple access (O-CDMA) system is proposed as an effective way of integrating multiclass traffic. The key issue in this proposal is to exploit the potential of the optical O-CDMA using fiber Bragg gratings when jointly used with the S-ALOHA protocol in a link layer. The newly proposed system is modeled using a general Markov chain from which both the system throughput and the average packet delay are derived. The system stability passing through a general finite user model is also envisaged. The system is then compared to the classical S-ALOHA/variable processing gain (VPG) CDMA system. Numerical results show that the proposed system outperforms the latter one, especially at high transmission rates. In addition, stability measures demonstrate that the overlapped system tends to be more stable than the VPG system.     

Slotted ALOHA and CDPA: A comparison of channel accessperformance in cellular systems

The paper compares the performance of two channel-access schemes suitable for the cellular environment, which, in particular, allow the packet capture and can deal with inter-cell interference. The first scheme is the well known S-ALOHA while the second one is the Capture Division Packet Access, recently proposed. The comparison is analytically performed over a common system with a common analytical model. Despite the many analyses appeared on S-ALOHA, the one we develop is new because a throughput density uniformly distributed on the plane is considered in a multiple cell environment. The analysis clearly shows the effect of intra-cell and inter-cell interference on the ALOHA system and quantifies the throughput gain achieved by CDPA, which completely avoids intra-cell interference. Our analysis also provides insight about the effectiveness of power control on both systems. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Energy efficient adaptive optical CDMA random access protocol based on particle swarm optimization

In this paper, an energy efficient adaptive optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) random access protocol based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is described. This protocol is based on the S-ALOHA with power and rate allocation based on PSO. This scheme evaluates jointly optimal power and rate allocation PSO based under the random access protocol as a new and simplified scheme for high performance, high energy efficiency suitable for OCDMA systems. The aim is to maximize the aggregate throughput, subject to predetermined quality of service restrictions and energy efficiency constraint in terms of the signal-to-noise-plus interference ratio of each user class. Numerical results are discussed taking into account realistic network operation scenario.     

一种应用于Ad Hoc无线局域网的随机接入协议

本文分析了应用于Ad Hoc无线局域网的BSAC(Buffered Slotted ALOHA CDMA)随机接入协议,并且首次提出了采用Markov(马尔可夫)链方法的分析模型.此模型应用两个Markov链模型,一个表示节点中的M/M/1/k排队模型,另一个表示网络中活动节点数量.两个Markov链模型通过节点空闲概率相互联系.在此模型基础上,本文详细分析了扩频增益、队列长度与最大允许重传次数等输入参数对网络吞吐量、平均延迟与丢包概率等性能尺度的影响,推导得出了BSAC协议的吞吐量极限.另外,本文还引入多数据包接收技术-延迟捕获技术,该项技术可以有效降低数据包冲突概率,相对于没有采用延迟捕获技术的BSAC协议,平均提高吞吐量29.1%,最大吞吐量提高20.8%,使网络性能接近于理论极限.     

B3G/TDD系统中随机接入方案研究

提出了一种应用于B3G TDD系统的随机接入方案。该方案结合了媒体接入层的包调度和物理层的信号处理技术,可以有效地避免数据包的碰撞。分析比较和仿真表明,该方案较传统的时隙ALOHA随机接入方案在吞吐率和时延方面都有较大的改善。     

An Approximate Analysis of Buffered S-ALOHA in Fading Channels Using Tagged User Analysis

Tagged user analysis (TUA) is a generic approximate method of analyzing random access protocols for finite-user finite-buffer systems. This technique decouples the channel contention behavior from the user queuing behavior and allows the use of classical queuing theory results to be directly applicable to the analysis of finite-user finite-buffer random access methods. In this paper, we extend TUA to analyze finite buffer S-ALOHA operating over flat fading radio channels and derive expressions for system performance indices like throughput, average packet delay, blocking probability and queue length. It is shown that for a moderate number of active users, the simulation and analytical results fit closely     

Capture Delay Analysis on the Throughputs of Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) with Slotted-ALOHA (S-ALOHA) Systems over Nakagami/Nakagami Fading Channels

This research aims to investigate the throughputs of DS-CDMA with S-ALOHA systems over Nakagami/Nakagami dual-path gain fading models with capture effects. The effects of fading on bit error rates (BERs) have been analysed by taking path gains into consideration. Due to the discrepancy between path gain for the desired signals and path gain for interferences, the BERs employed in our computations are the BERs of two different path gain models. Research indicates that the throughputs of DS-CDMA with S-ALOHA steadily increase as the parameters of fading signals m and the length of code N progressively enhance. Likewise, the throughputs of DS-CDMA with S-ALOHA gradually step-up as the value of capture ratio Q and the number of users K progressively step-down.