140 GHz共焦波导结构回旋行波管放大器

为减少太赫兹回旋器件模式密度和降低模式竞争问题,利用具有模式选择特点的共焦波导结构作为140 GHz回旋行波管(Gyro-TWT)的高频互作用系统。在理论分析基础上,建立注波互作用计算模型并对其进行数值计算;通过对共焦波导高频场分布、衍射损耗、耦合系数以及注波互作用效率等输出参量的分析,选择HE06作为工作模式,确定了140 GHz Gyro-TWT放大器的基本结构和工作参数,并利用注波互作用非线性理论进行分析。模拟结果表明：在注电压为35 kV,注电流2 A,速度比为0.75时,该高频结构在140 GHz频点获得12 kW峰值输出功率,17.1%电子效率和38 dB饱和增益,3 dB带宽达到6 GHz。     

W波段扩展互作用速调管的研究

扩展互作用速调管是在大功率速调管的基础上,采用扩展互作用谐振腔技术,扩展其瞬时工作带宽,在毫米波频段能够实现高功率、高效率、高增益和宽频带的一种紧凑型微波真空器件。本文基于空间电荷波理论对多间隙谐振腔电路进行了简要分析,采用PIC三维粒子模拟软件对高频互作用电路进行了粒子模拟与优化。在2π模式工作下,其工作电压为15 kV,电流为0.8 A,中心频率为94.5 GHz时,得到了效率大于8.4%,峰值功率超过2 kW的微波功率输出,-3 dB带宽为1 GHz,增益超过40 dB。该工作对研发高性能扩展互作用速调管,并推动其在国防安全、卫星监测、外层空间小目标跟踪、高分辨率雷达和精确气象监测等领域应用具有重要意义。     

新型高效率二次谐波宽带可调复合互作用回旋管

该文利用回旋管注-波模式耦合理论,提出了返波振荡-速调群聚-行波放大复合互作用回旋管工作原理。理论分析表明,Ka波段二次谐波连续磁调谐复合互作用回旋管的工作效率高达40%,磁调谐带宽为10%。利用该复合互作用工作原理,回旋管振荡器可实现毫米波电磁辐射源的高效率、高功率输出及宽频带连续磁调谐。     

W波段大功率集成极靴式互作用结构研究

针对W波段大功率折叠波导行波管的技术难点,提出了一种一体式加工的集成极靴式互作用结构,该结构将直角型折叠波导嵌入到极靴中,实现注-波互作用结构与聚焦系统的集成,提高周期永磁系统的聚焦能力,再通过增加阴极发射的电子注电流,实现功率的提升。文中首先介绍了集成极靴式互作用结构,提供该结构中慢波结构的尺寸参数,计算其色散特性及耦合阻抗曲线,并设计了相应的磁聚焦系统。最终对互作用结构进行仿真模拟,在90~100 GHz频带内可获得高于700 W的饱和输出功率。带内饱和增益均小于20 dB,可有效防止自激振荡的产生,该互作用结构可广泛应用于级联功率放大模块的后级放大器中。     

一种复合腔回旋管注波互作用的数值模拟和分析

该文基于电磁粒子模拟技术,对一种Ka波段基波渐变复合腔回旋管振荡器的注波互作用过程进行了详细的模拟计算,分析了腔体几何参数、电子注半径、工作电流及工作磁场变化对互作用效率的影响,讨论了工作模式的稳定性。模拟结果表明,适当选择上述参数,在70kV,17A及速度比1.5的电子注推动下,平均功率可达716kW,互作用效率大于60%,且工作稳定。     

220 GHz周期介质加载波导回旋行波管的理论设计与PIC仿真

通过理论研究和粒子仿真（Particle in Cell , PIC）,设计了一支工作在基波TE01模式下,采用周期性介质加载（PDL）波导的220 GHz回旋行波管（gyrotron traveling wave tube, Gyro-TWT）。通过研究寄生振荡的起振阈值和加载介质环,成功抑制了寄生振荡（绝对不稳定性振荡和返波振荡）。分别采用了非线性理论程序与粒子仿真对注波互作用进行研究,对比了两种结果基本一致。PIC仿真结果显示,优化后的回旋行波管,工作在220 GHz时,在输入70 kV和3 A电子注的情况下,饱和输出功率为55.61 kW,对应的效率为26.48%,饱和增益为53.56 dB,-3 dB带宽为12 GHz。     

8 mm径向扩展互作用振荡器

提出并研究了一种具有结构紧凑、散热性好、输出功率大等特点的新型扩展互作用结构——径向扩展互作用振荡器(EIO),并推导了小信号理论.利用电磁仿真软件分析了径向EIO高频结构中的谐振特性与场分布,并采用三维粒子模拟软件开展了注波互作用研究.研究结果表明在工作电压为5 k V,电流为8.48 A时,所设计的径向EIO输出功率达到2.6 k W,热腔工作频率为30.011 GHz,效率为6.1%.     

S波段耦合腔行波管非线性注-波互作用方程组的数值解

推导了考虑相对论效应的一维非线性注-波互作用自洽工作方程组.借鉴田炳耕的圆盘模型推导空间电荷场.对空间电荷场表达式提出简化假设并使其归一化,该假设将大大节省考虑空间电荷场时的计算时间.编写计算机程序对注-波互作用自洽工作方程组进行了数值求解,利用该程序分析了空间电荷力对注-波互作用的影响,得出S波段耦合腔行渡管的效率,增益和瞬时带宽.计算结果表明:在2.87～3.35 GHz频带范围内效率达到14%以上,增益大于18.5 dB,瞬时带宽达到15%,结果达到设计要求.     

梯形结构高功率扩展互作用速调管

对平面梯形结构多间隙谐振腔的模式分布、特性阻抗、耦合系数以及工作稳定性进行了研究.在此基础上给出了W波段高峰值功率扩展互作用速调管高频互作用系统设计,并采用三维粒子模拟(PIC)技术对电子的速度调制、群聚及其与高频场的相互作用和能量转换等物理过程进行了研究,定量给出了放大器的功率、带宽、效率以及增益等关键技术指标.PIC结果显示:在中心频率94.52 GHz以及电压16 k V、电流0.6 A的电子注参数下,最大输出功率达到1.8 k W,相应的增益和电子效率分别为47.7 d B和19.4%;扫频结果显示瞬时3 d B带宽为210 MHz.     

用于受控热核聚变的兆瓦级同轴腔回旋振荡器的注-波互作用分析

相对于高阶工作模式的单腔回旋管,同轴腔回旋管具有缓解模式竞争,提高单模工作的稳定性,以及增大功率容量的优点,宜用于受控热核聚变中的电子回旋共振加热和电子回旋电流驱动而受关注.详细地研究了工作频率为170 GHz,TE_(34,11),模同轴腔回旋管的结构参数、电子束参数及腔壁损耗对注-波互作用的影响.首先对170 GHz兆瓦级功率模式选择进行分析,给出了工作模式.再次,基于时域自洽非线性理论,编写了时域单模稳态注-波互作用程序,分析了电流、磁场强度和腔壁欧姆损耗对互作用的影响,并对工作参数进行了优化.模拟结果表明:当电子束电流为68 A,工作电压为65 kV,引导磁场强度为6.58 T时,可获得2.18 MW的输出功率,49.23%的效率,外腔壁上的欧姆损耗密度峰值为1.94 kW/cm~2,内导体表面的小于0.15 W/cm~2;互作用效率随速度零散增大而降低,输出频率向下偏移;电子注厚度对互作用也有相似的影响.     

LARGE-SIGNAL SIMULATIONS OF A GYROTRON TRAVELING-WAVE AMPLIFIER WITH A MODE-SELECTIVE INTERACTION CIRCUIT

A self-consistent nonlinear theory is used to analyze the saturated performances of a Ka-band gyrotron traveling wave amplifier (gyro-TWA) operating at the fundamental with a mode-selective interaction circuit involving a tapered vane-slot mode converter. The amplifier is predicted to generate 140 kW saturated output power with 33.3% efficiency, a saturated gain of 33dB, and a 3dB bandwidth of 2.7 GHz (8%) for a 70 kV, 6A electron beam with a velocity ratio of 1.0 and an axial velocity spread of 5%.     

具有高稳定性的超高增益回旋行波管放大器

该文结合线性理论和自洽非线性理论对Ka波段TE11模超高增益回旋行波管放大器的稳定性进行了研究。 研究揭示了回旋行波管中前向波绝对不稳定性和返向波振荡之间的区别,以及分布损耗技术对这两种自激振荡的抑制作用,并首次提出通过渐变磁场技术来提高系统的稳定性。基于该分析方法设计的Ka波段超高增益回旋行波管,采用电压100 kV,电流7 A,速度零散5％的电子注,获得了-1 dB的饱和功率带宽约5 GHz,最高增益约80 dB。     

Experimental investigation of a broadband dielectric-loadedgyro-TWT amplifier

The bandwidth of a gyrotron travelling wave amplifier has been broadened by incorporating a dielectric-loaded interaction waveguide to reduce the circuit's dispersion. This proof-of-principle experiment was designed for the X-band frequency range and operates in the fundamental mode of a rectangular waveguide loaded with dielectric Macor. The amplifier is zero-drive stable and demonstrates a peak output power of 55 kW, 11% efficiency, 27 dB saturated gain with an unprecedented untapered gyro-TWT constant-drive bandwidth of 11% and a saturated bandwidth of 14%. Its performance can be further enhanced by reducing the beam's axial velocity spread as shown by previous simulation studies     

一种用于5G通信的高稳定双模功率放大器

采用国产40 nm CMOS工艺,设计了一种用于5G通信的28 GHz双模功率放大器。功率级采用大尺寸晶体管,获得了高饱和输出功率。采用无中心抽头变压器,消除了大尺寸晶体管带来的共模振荡问题。在共源共栅结构的共栅管栅端加入大电阻,提高了共源共栅结构的高频稳定性。采用共栅短接技术,解决了大电阻引起的差模增益恶化问题。在级间匹配网络中采用变容管调节,实现了双模式工作,分别获得了高功率增益和高带宽。电路后仿真结果表明,在高增益模式下,该双模功率放大器获得了20.8 dBm的饱和输出功率、24.5%的功率附加效率和28.1 dB的功率增益。在高带宽模式下,获得了20.6 dBm的饱和输出功率、22.6%的功率附加效率和12.2 GHz的3 dB带宽。     

Nonlinear analysis of a multi-cavity gyro-twystron

To preserve high gain, high efficiency and high power merits of gyroklystron, a gyro-twystron is designed using an electron beam with α(v_⊥/v_z) greater than unity. With a multi-cavity section of high gain, the length of the waveguide output section can be made shorter than the threshold length of the absolute instability without losing total system gain. Numerical simulations are carried out to analyze a ka-band gyro- twystron consisting of three TE₁₁₁ mode cavities and an output section of a TE₁₁ mode waveguide. Stability study is performed to ensure the tube without self-excited oscillations. With α=1.5, the 3-dB linear and saturated gain bandwidth in excess of 2 % can be obtained by stagger tuning for an 80 kV, 3 A electron beam with 5 % axial velocity spread. The maximum saturated gain is more than 55 dB at 33 % efficiency. By tapering the magnetic field of the last 2 cm of the interaction region, the efficiency can be increased to 43 % without degrading the bandwidth, which corresponds to an output power of 103 kW.     

Preliminary Design of a Harmonic-doubling Gyrotron Traveling Wave Amplifier

This study proposes a Ka-band harmonic-doubling gyrotron traveling-wave amplifier (gyro- TWT), using distributed wall losses in the input stage and mode-selective interaction circuit in the output stage, to improve the stability of the amplification. Based on a large signal simulation code, a saturated peak power of 163 kW with an efficiency of 15.5%, a gain of 31.1 dB, and a 3 dB bandwidth of 0.9 GHz is predicted for the gyro-TWT driven by 70 kV, 15 A electron beam with a velocity ratio of 1.2 and velocity spread 5% at 33.2 GHz.     

A Stable 0.2-THz Coaxial-Waveguide Gyrotron Traveling-Wave-Tube Amplifier with Distributed Losses

For high-power operation, a THz gyrotron traveling-wave-tube (gyro-TWT) amplifier must operate in a high-order waveguide mode to enlarge the transverse dimension of an interaction waveguide. However, a gyro-TWT amplifier operating in a high-order waveguide mode is susceptible to spurious oscillations. To improve the device stability, in this study, we investigate the possibility of using a coaxial waveguide with distributed losses as the interaction structure. For the same required attenuation, all threatening oscillating modes can be suppressed using different combinations of losses of inner and outer cylinders. This provides flexibility in designing distributed losses when considering the ohmic loading of the interaction structure. We predict that the 0.2-THz gyro-TWT can stably produce a peak power of 14 kW with an efficiency of 23 %, a 3-dB bandwidth of 3.5 GHz, and a saturated gain of 50 dB for a 20-kV 3-A electron beam with a 5 % velocity spread and 1.0 velocity ratio.     

一种非对称射频开关芯片的设计

采用非对称结构和双悬浮技术设计了射频开关芯片,测试结果表明,工作频率为2.4GHz的射频开关,在发射模式下,插损为-1.18dB,隔离度为-31.88dB,在接收模式下,插损为-1.48dB,隔离度为-25.08dB,发射时P1dB大于22dBm,接收时为14dBm。由于采用串并结构,极大地增加了隔离度,这种高性能的收发开关的实现主要得益于P阱、深N阱的双悬浮技术,还有堆叠电路结构的应用,同时堆叠结构的分压效果使得通过增加堆叠个数可以进一步提高处理大摆幅信号的能力。     

Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of a Ka-band Gyro-TWT with Lossy Interaction Structure

The stability analysis of a Ka-band gyrotron traveling-wave tube amplifier (gyro-TWT) operating in the circular TE₀₁ mode at the fundamental cyclotron harmonic is presented. The small signal linear theory is used to analyze the amplification of operation mode and oscillation of parasitic modes. The optimum dielectric parameters including loss layer thickness and permittivity are given. Propagation loss of operation mode is 3 dB/cm with the thickness of loss layer d = 0.7 mm and relative permittivity ξ″ = 11−6j, and propagation loss per unit length of parasitic modes TE₁₁, TE₂₁, TE₀₂ at each oscillation frequency (24.85 GHz, 27.85 GHz, 61.2 GHz) is 2.5 dB/cm, 6 dB/cm, 7.5 dB/cm, respectively, sufficient to suppress oscillations of operation and parasitic modes. Taking advantage of the optimized parameters of loaded dielectric, a high gain scheme has been demonstrated in a 34-GHz, TE₀₁-mode gyro-TWT, producing 160 kW saturated output power at 40 dB stable gain and 22.8% efficiency with a 3-dB bandwidth of 5%.