梯度掺杂提升无空穴传输层CsSnI3电池性能研究

为了探索高效无毒的钙钛矿太阳能电池，以太阳能电池模拟软件SCAPS-1D为工具，研究基于梯度掺杂CsSnI3吸收层的无空穴传输层太阳能电池。首先研究均匀CsSnI3吸收层的电池，在其基础上提出梯度掺杂吸收层的电池，并对吸收层掺杂梯度、平均掺杂浓度和缺陷水平进行分析和优化，最后研究了吸收层子层数的影响。研究发现梯度掺杂能够产生附加电场，可以显著提升电池转换效率。对于吸收层厚度为1 000 nm的电池，通过梯度掺杂优化可以将最大转换效率从22.28%提升到25.04%。即使梯度掺杂的子层数只有两层，也能取得理想的提升效果。     

基于钙钛矿材料的新型结构太阳能电池器件

基于钙钛矿材料的太阳能电池是一种受到广泛关注的新型太阳能电池。根据钙钛矿太阳能电池结构的不同将其分为四类,综述了钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究现状和最新进展。详细介绍了各类钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构和性能,分析总结了其优缺点。最后展望了钙钛矿太阳能电池未来的发展趋势。     

石墨烯材料在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的研究进展

石墨烯及其衍生物具有独特的材料结构和光电性质,可作为界面修饰层、电子传输层、空穴传输层应用于新型钙钛矿太阳能电池,以提高电池的光电转换效率和性能稳定性。此外,石墨烯透明电极在柔性、半透明或叠层钙钛矿太阳能电池应用中独具优势。本文综述了石墨烯及其衍生物在钙钛矿太阳能电池中的研究进展,指出了未来发展重点。     

空气环境中湿度对钙钛矿太阳能电池微观形貌与光电效率的影响

有机无机卤化钙钛矿太阳能电池中钙钛矿吸收层对外界的湿度非常敏感,所以目前绝大多数钙钛矿太阳能电池的制备、封装都是在手套箱中完成的。从便于工业规模化角度,在全空气环境下,采用气相辅助溶液法制备了平板结构的钙钛矿太阳能电池,研究了外界湿度与钙钛矿膜形貌、电池效率之间的关系。通过比较研究发现:在全空气环境中,湿度从70%下降为20%时,电池的转换效率从0.95%增加到5.81%。分析认为湿度的降低,增加了钙钛矿膜的覆盖率以及减少膜的缺陷,改善了电池开路电压、短路电流等性能参数。     

过渡金属掺杂在钙钛矿光伏器件中的应用

钙钛矿太阳能电池在近年发展迅猛，电池效率在几年内连续增长达到2022年认证的25.7%，在光伏器件领域展现出巨大的潜力。尽管钙钛矿太阳能电池具有较高效率，但其热稳定性及湿度稳定性等仍是阻碍其发展的一大屏障。金属离子掺杂被认为是提高钙钛矿光伏器件光电转化性能和稳定性的有效方式之一。其中过渡金属由于其具有多价位等独特性能受到研究人员的青睐。本文综述了近5年采用过渡金属对钙钛矿光伏器件各层进行掺杂修饰的最新研究进展，总结了使用过渡金属离子掺杂钙钛矿太阳能电池的电子传输层、钙钛矿活性层、空穴传输层以及金属电极层的方法和策略，探讨运用此类手段优化钙钛矿光伏器件结构、光电性能及稳定性等参数的规律和机理。     

杜邦推出全新Solamet材料及创新制程技术可提升电池转换效率达0.6%

可提升电池转换效率达0.6%杜邦微电路材料事业部(Microcircuit Materials)已拟订技术开发时程表,透过创新材料及制程技术推出新型Solamet太阳能电池专用导电浆料产品,期望于2012年前能协助产业达成结晶硅(c-Si)太阳能电池转换效率突破20%的目标.     

Yb3+/Er3+共掺ZnF2粉末上转换发光特性研究

为了研究ZnF₂作为基质材料、稀土离子Yb3+和Er3+共掺摩尔分数不同时的发光性能,采用高温固相法,在820℃时制备稀土掺杂ZnF₂样品,并对各个样品进行上转换发射光谱测试。将激发功率与上转换发射功率进行曲线拟合,确定Yb3+和Er3+光子吸收过程。结果表明,在980nm半导体激光器激发下,样品在可见光区域内存在533nm,555nm和655nm 3个上转换发射峰,发射的红光强度大于绿光强度,吸收光子数目依次为1.73,1.75,1.88,确定3个发射峰均对应于双光子吸收。此研究说明稀土离子掺杂ZnF₂材料将在上转换红色荧光粉领域有重要的应用前景。     

倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池电子传输层的研究进展

倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池因具有器件结构简单、迟滞效应小和制造成本低等优点，受到了研究人员越来越多的关注。电子传输层作为钙钛矿太阳能电池中的重要组成部分，其作用主要是传输电子和阻挡空穴。对电子传输层进行改性，可以有效解决其表面粗糙、能级不匹配、电子迁移率低等问题，从而提高器件的光电转换效率。本文从电子传输材料的选择、电子传输层的界面修饰、掺杂作用和改性三方面综述了电子传输层对倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能的影响，并对今后倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池实现商业化做出了展望。     

新型高效晶硅电池制造工艺进展与应用前景

新型高效电池是目前太阳能电池发展的方向。在简述太阳能光伏发电原理和传统晶硅太阳能电池成熟的制造工艺的基础上．结合对制约太阳能电池发展的转换效率提升与生产成本下降两大因素的分析,探讨了近年来新型高效电池制造工艺与技术的进展与产业化应用前景。     

杜邦推出全新Solamet材料及创新制程技术

可提升电池转换效率达0.6%杜邦微电路材料事业部（Microcircuit Materials）已拟订技术开发时程表,透过创新材料及制程技术推出新型Solamet太阳能电池专用导电浆料产品,期望于2012年前能协助产业达成结晶硅（c—Si）太阳能电池转换效率突破20％的目标。     

Tb3+-Yb3+离子对的近红外量子剪裁进展研究

近红外量子剪裁能够有效地提高硅太阳能电池的效率。稀土元素种类繁多,能级丰富,常被用于制作近红外量子剪裁发光材料。研究者们用适当的方法制成发光材料之后,测量材料的吸收光谱,激发光谱和发射光谱。根据这些数据计算得到材料的量子效率。其中Tb3+-Yb3+离子对备受关注。Tb3+吸收紫外-可见光,通过协同能量传递把能量传递给Yb3+离子。Yb3+离子跃迁辐射出1000nm左右的近红外光。该波段的光子能够被硅太阳能电池吸收利用。Tb3+-Yb3+离子对在不同掺杂浓度,不同基质中得到的量子效率不同。     

Single Crystal Perovskite Solar Cells: Development and Perspectives

The efficiency of perovskite solar cells has increased to a certified value of 25.2% in the past 10 years, benefiting from the superior properties of metal halide perovskite materials. Compared with the widely investigated polycrystalline thin films, single crystal perovskites without grain boundaries have better optoelectronic properties, showing great potential for photovoltaics with higher efficiency and stability. Additionally, single crystal perovskite solar cells are a fantastic model system for further investigating the working principles related to the surface and grain boundaries of perovskite materials. Unfortunately, only a handful of groups have participated in the development of single crystal perovskite solar cells; thus, the development of this area lags far behind that of its polycrystalline counterpart. Therefore, a review paper that discusses the recent developments and challenges of single crystal perovskite solar cells is urgently required to provide guidelines for this emerging field. In this progress report, the optical and electrical properties of single crystal and polycrystalline perovskite thin films are compared, followed by the recent developments in the growth of single crystal perovskite thin films and the photovoltaic applications of this material. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of single crystal perovskite solar cells are discussed in detail.     

Recent progress of dopant-free organic hole-transporting materials in perovskite solar cells

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have undergone especially intense research and transformation over the past seven years due to their enormous progress in conversion efficiencies. In this perspective, we review the latest developments of conventional perovskite solar cells with a main focus on dopant-free organic hole transporting materials (HTMs). Regarding the rapid progress of perovskite solar cells, stability of devices using dopant-free HTMs are also discussed to help readers understand the challenges and opportunities in high performance and stable perovskite solar cells.     

Machine Learning for Perovskite Solar Cells and Component Materials: Key Technologies and Prospects

Data-driven epoch, the development of machine learning (ML) in materials and device design is an irreversible trend. Its ability and efficiency to handle nonlinear and game-playing problems is unmatched by traditional simulation computing software and trial-error experiments. Perovskite solar cells are complex physicochemical devices (systems) that consist of perovskite materials, transport layer materials, and electrodes. Predicting the physicochemical properties and screening the component materials related to perovskite solar cells is the strong point of ML. However, the applications of ML in perovskite solar cells and component materials has only begun to boom in the last two years, so it is necessary to provide a review of the involved ML technologies, the application status, the facing urgent challenges and the development blueprint.     

TiO2/SnOxCly double layer for highly efficient planar perovskite solar cells

Recently, perovskite solar cells have attracted tremendous research interest due to their amazing light to electric power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, most high performance devices usually use mesoporous TiO₂ as the electron transport layer (ETL), which increases cost for practical application. Here, TiO₂/SnO_xCl_y double layer was employed as the ETL for planar perovskite solar cells. Compared with bare TiO₂, perovskite solar cell based on TiO₂/SnO_xCl_y shows drastically improved power conversion efficiency and reduced hysteresis. These improvements are attributed to TiO₂/SnO_xCl_y which could enhance electron extraction and reduce surface trap-state.     

Recent progress in stability of perovskite solar cells

Perovskite solar cells have attracted significant attention in just the past few years in solar cell research fields, where the power conversion efficiency was beyond 22.1%. Now, the most important challenge for perovskite solar cells in practical applications is the stability issue. In this mini-review, we will summarize the degradation mechanism of perovskite solar cells, including the perovskite material itself and also the interfaces. While we also provide our opinion on improving the stability of perovskite solar cells.     

Perovskite/silicon-based heterojunction tandem solar cells with 14.8% conversionefficiency via adopting ultrathin Au contact

A rising candidate for upgrading the performance of an established narrow-bandgap solar technology without adding much cost is to construct the tandem solar cells from a crystalline silicon bottom cell and a high open-circuit voltage top cell. Here, we present a four-terminal tandem solar cell architecture consisting of a self-filtered planar architecture perovskite top cell and a silicon heterojunction bottom cell. A transparent ultrathin gold electrode has been used in perovskite solar cells to achieve a semi-transparent device. The transparent ultrathin gold contact could provide a better electrical conductivity and optical reflectance-scattering to maintain the performance of the top cell compared with the traditional metal oxide contact. The four-terminal tandem solar cell yields an efficiency of 14.8%, with contributions of the top (8.98%) and the bottom cell (5.82%), respectively. We also point out that in terms of optical losses, the intermediate contact of self-filtered tandem architecture is the uppermost problem, which has been addressed in this communication, and the results show that reducing the parasitic light absorption and improving the long wavelength range transmittance without scarifying the electrical properties of the intermediate hole contact layer are the key issues towards further improving the efficiency of this architecture device.     

Ion migration in perovskite solar cells

The past few years have witnessed a remarkable progress of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),which can be attributed to the high light absorption coefficient,tunable bandgap,long carrier diffusion length,solution processability at low temperature and relatively low cost of perovskite materials.     

A Universal Strategy to Utilize Polymeric Semiconductors for Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Longevity

In this contribution, a facile and universal method is successfully reported to fabricate perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with enhanced efficiency and stability. Through dissolving functional conjugated polymers in antisolvent chlorobenzene to treat the spinning CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite film, the resultant devices exhibit significantly enhanced efficiency and longevity simultaneously. In‐depth characterizations demonstrate that thin polymer layer well covers the top surface of perovskite film, resulting in certain surface passivation and morphology modification. More importantly, it is shown that through rational chemical modification, namely molecular fluorination, the air stability and photostability of the perovskite solar cells are remarkably enhanced. Considering the vast selection of conjugated polymer materials and easy functional design, promising new results are expected in further enhancement of device performance. It is believed that the findings provide exciting insights into the role of conjugated polymer in improving the current perovskite‐based solar cells.