基于信息容量的FY-4A/GIIRS红外光谱探测能力 研究

利用LBLRTM逐线积分模式开展不同大气状况条件下各大气参数在FY-4A/GIIRS红外通道的光谱敏感性分析,在此基础上,以信息熵和自由度为判据,对FY-4A/GIIRS高光谱探测资料所包含的温度、水汽、臭氧等大气参数信息容量进行定量化描述,从而评估FY-4A/GIIRS对大气参数的可反演能力.研究结果表明:(1) FY-4A/GIIRS长波波段对温度和水汽的敏感度与大气状况相关,而对臭氧的敏感度在不同大气状况条件下差异不大;(2)初步揭示了FY-4A/GIIRS具备大气温湿和臭氧廓线反演的应用潜力,在相同大气条件下,FY-4A/GIIRS红外光谱所包含的温度信息容量最大,水汽其次;(3)在热带大气条件下,FY-4A/GIIRS所包含的温度和水汽信息容量最丰富.     

FY-4A/GIIRS大气温度廓线产品质量评估

我国风云四号A星（FY-4A）携带高光谱红外干涉式大气探测仪（Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder, GIIRS）首次实现了地球静止轨道红外高光谱探测,可连续获得大气温湿度廓线信息。基于常规无线电探空资料,从产品的探测能力和精度方面对2020年FY-4A/GIIRS大气温度廓线产品开展质量评估,为产品应用和算法研究提供参考。结果表明：FY-4A/GIIRS反演大气温度廓线探测能力在高度层次和月份统计上受云活跃度影响较大;晴空条件下大气整层均方根误差约为2 K,700～1 000 hPa的大气低层较大,约2.5 K,偏差整层以负值为主;月尺度质量评估可见夏秋两季明显优于冬春季,有利于灾害性天气多发季节的监测;有云条件下单个像元的温度廓线误差显著增大,采用多像元Cressman客观分析可有效提高产品可用性;低海拔地区温度廓线产品质量整体优于高海拔地区,可极大地弥补我国东部、南部地区以及广阔的洋面上的探空资料的不足。     

地基多通道微波辐射计在大气遥感中的应用

地基多通道微波辐射计可实时探测大气微波辐射亮温并反演出大气温度、水汽密度、相对湿度和液态水廓线等。本文主要介绍了自主研制的地基多通道微波辐射计以及数据反演方法,同时将微波辐射计反演的大气参数与探空资料对比分析了反演精度,结果表明微波辐射计观测反演大气温度、湿度和液态水廓线具有很好的精度。同时辐射计可实时精确的探测反演大气边界层逆温,能够很好的探测到地表辐射逆温的强度和逆温厚度,这对研究大气边界层有着重要作用。     

基于微波高光谱技术的数据仿真及参数反演研究

发展高光谱微波辐射计对于提升大气参数反演精度具有重要意义。利用微波辐射传输模型mpm93以及BP 神经网络方法分别构建正演上行辐射亮温和反演大气温度廓线的模型,并研究了晴空条件下高光谱微波辐射计反演大气温度廓线的精度。54～58 GHz、64～68 GHz 在氧气吸收波段选取80 个通道作为高光谱通道,基于2015 年5～12 月昆明的探空资料进行正、反演仿真实验。选取微波成像仪/ 探测仪(SSMIS)的9 个温度探测通道进行对比实验,评估分析反演效果。实验结果表明:在大气3～10 km 高度范围内,高光谱通道的反演精度较SSMIS 提高了0.3 ～0.6 K;在0～3 km 高度范围内,反演精度提高了1 K。     

高光谱分辨率资料通道选择方法研究

从用经典物理法反演大气参数的误差分析角度出发,利用贝叶斯原理探究了通道特性、背景误差、观测误差和仪器噪声等在反演大气参数时对反演精度的影响,提出了一个定量衡量通道对反演大气参数精度的贡献指标。以此指标为准则,对用高光谱分辨率资料反演大气温度廓线时的通道选择方案进行了设计和论证。以欧洲中心在2012年发射的第二代红外大气探测干涉仪(Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer,IASI)为对象,从8461个通道中选出了300个贡献指标最大的通道,并将它们与AAPP发布的应用通道作了比较。结果证明,本文选用的方法在选择反演大气温度廓线的通道时是有效可行的。     

FY-4A GIIRS数据探测大气水汽和臭氧的垂直空间特性评估

红外高光谱大气垂直探测仪数据的垂直空间特性由探测仪光谱性能指标间接决定,并与所关注的大气参数及其变化有并。本文在剔除大气参数探测信噪比过低的无效通道的基础上,针对FY-4A卫星红外高光谱大气垂直探测仪GIIRS数据对水汽和臭氧变化响应的峰值高度、高度分辨率、垂直不对称性及垂直覆盖范围进行了评估,并与大气温度探测的垂直空间特性评估结果进行对比分析。结果表明:1)和大气温度一样,FY-4A GIIRS对大气水汽具有垂直分布探测能力,水汽探测垂直覆盖12 km以下对流层(探测峰值高度在11 km以下),而大气温度探测覆盖整个对流层和平流层中下层;2)FY-4A GIIRS对臭氧具有10～21km高度范围臭氧总量探测能力,探测峰值高度集中在16.4 km附近。本研究有助于从探测垂直空间特性角度把握FY-4A GIIRS红外高光谱数据应用能力。     

部分云覆盖下红外辐射传输模型及对火山灰云的敏感性研究

针对我国新一代地球同步气象卫星FY-4的预期发射和数据应用,本文借助与FY-4卫星成像仪类似的Meteosat-8卫星的SEVIRI仪器数据资料开展先期研究,建立了一种部分云覆盖条件下红外辐射传输模型,模拟了不同大气条件、火山灰云高度、有效云量和观测天顶角情况下卫星观测的红外通道的亮度温度的变化。美国标准气候态大气廓线和火山灰区实时大气廓线两种模拟结果都表明,模型模拟的8.3~9.1μm,9.8~11.8μm,11~13μm,12.4~14.4μm的入瞳亮度温度对云高度、有效云量较为敏感,基本呈线性相关;卫星天顶角对模拟的辐射亮温的影响相对较小。通过不同大气廓线状态和火山灰云发射率情景下的测试结果表明,只有同时考虑大气条件和火山灰云通道发射率的差异后,模式才能够较好地模拟出火山爆发情景下火山灰云中酸性物质在11μm和12μm的反吸收特性。与大气条件相比,通道的发射率差异对火山灰云的遥感建模更为重要。因此,可在传统的分裂窗通道的基础上,通过热红外多通道亮温及亮温差异信息联合反演火山灰云高度和有效云量等因子,提高部分覆盖下火山灰云的微物理参数的反演精度。本研究为建立基于我国新一代静止气象卫星FY-4数据的火山灰云浓度定量反演模型提供了理论基础。     

基于FY-3C/MWHTS资料的海洋晴空大气温湿廓线反演方法研究

针对搭载于风云三号C星(FY-3C)上的微波湿温探测仪(Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder, MWHTS), 建立了海洋晴空大气条件下温湿廓线同时反演的一维变分反演系统.通过对影响反演精度的各个因素进行分析, 确立了该系统的输入参数.对于FY-3C/MWHTS观测亮温与快速辐射传输(Radiative Transfer Model for TOVS, RTTOV)模型的模拟亮温之间的偏差和角度依赖性, 采用逐像元统计回归校正方法进行校正.选择西北太平洋海域晴空条件下的校正亮温数据进行温湿廓线的反演, 并利用欧洲中期天气预报中心再分析数据集对反演结果进行验证, 结果表明:反演的温度廓线和相对湿度廓线的最大平均偏差分别为1.09 K和5.4%, 最大均方根误差分别为1.48 K和22.69%, 与未校正亮温的反演结果相比, 温度廓线的均方根误差最大可减小1.56 K, 湿度廓线的均方根误差最大可减小14.71%.反演温湿廓线与背景廓线的精度对比表明:反演的温度廓线在10~70 hPa、300~350 hPa和700~850 hPa内的精度高于背景廓线的精度, 而反演湿度廓线的精度除了825~875 hPa, 其他范围均高于背景廓线的精度, 因此FY-3C/MWHTS观测亮温的反演结果可进一步提高预报廓线精度.     

机载大气红外高分辨率光谱的信息量分析

机载红外高分辨率干涉光谱仪（HIS）是遥感大气信息的大气红外背景辐射测量装置。基于HIS红外高光谱大气数据,对大气温度和主要大气吸收气体进行了敏感性分析;并通过引入信息容量的概念,利用一维变分方法,对HIS测量装置遥感探测大气参数的能力进行评估,定量描述了HIS测量的红外光谱反演大气温度和水汽的信息容量、自由度和垂直分辨率等信息,其中温度、水汽的信息容量分别为49.5、25.2;自由度分别为10.5、5.6,温度的平均垂直分辨率为2.2 km,水汽的垂直分辨率为2 km;讨论了HIS的反演精度与仪器测量误差之间的关系,获取了大气温湿廓线的最小可探测精度。     

基于超光谱热红外数据的一氧化碳反演通道选择

一氧化碳(CO)在热红外波段吸收强度弱且吸收区内具有较多的干扰信号,利用热红外数据反演高精度CO廓线的难度大。超光谱红外探测仪的开发和应用,为提升CO廓线的反演精度提供了可能。然而,随着超光谱热红外数据分辨率的上升、通道之间的间隔变窄,这在给数据引入特有可反演信息的同时产生大量冗余信息。为了保证反演精度和效率,有必要对通道进行选择来获取包含最大可反演信息的通道同时剔除冗余信息。提出了一种同时考虑通道灵敏度和权函数特性的峰采样通道选择方法,用于从超光谱红外数据中反演CO廓线。该方法首先通过分析通道对不同气体的灵敏度情况,去除受其他气体干扰较大的通道获得初选通道。然后,分析初选通道的权函数特性后发现,位于CO亮温变化谱线中峰顶和峰底的通道分别包含了不同大气层的CO反演信息,将这些通道选取为最终通道选择结果。以阿拉善沙漠地区、京津地区、长江三角洲及珠江三角洲的冬夏晴空大气为主要研究对象,比较峰采样法与最优灵敏度剖面法(OSP)所得的通道选择结果及相应的CO廓线反演精度。结果表明,该方法选择的通道比OSP方法选择的通道能覆盖更宽的光谱范围且包含更多的CO反演信息。而且,峰采样通道选择方法的应用可以有效提高本文所研究区域和季节的CO廓线反演精度,其中在阿拉善地区冬季大气条件下改善效果最为明显,反演结果的均方根误差(RMSE)由3.23×10~(-8)g/g降至3.07×10~(-8)g/g,平均反演精度提高了10.56%。     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

Technology innovation and process integrations for sub-100nm gate patterning

This paper presents a brief overview of the Applied Centura(R)DPS(R)system,configured with silicon etch DPS Ⅱ chamber, with emphasis on discussing tuning capability for CD uniformity control. It also presents the studies of etch process chemistry and film integration impact for an overall successful gate patterning development. Discussions will focus on resolutions to key issues, such as CD uniformity, line-edge roughness, and multilayer film etching integration.     

White organic light-emitting devices based on fac tris（2- phenylpyridine） iridium sensitized 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnap -hthacene

We have fabricated the white organic light-emitting devices （WOLEDs） based on 4,4＇ -bis（2,2 -diphenyl vinyl）-1,1＇ - biphenyl （DPVBi） and phosphorescence sensitized 5,6,11,12,-tetraphenylnaphthacene （rubrene）. The device structure is ITO/2T-NATA （20 nm）/NPBX （20 nm）/CBP： x%Ir（ppy）3：0.5% rubrene （8 nm）/NPBX （5 nm）/DPVBi （30 nm）/Alq（30 nm）/LiF（0.5 nm）/A1. In the devices, DPVBi acts as a blue light-emitting layer, the rubrene is sensitized by a phosphorescent material, fac tris （2-phenylpyridine） iridium [Ir（ppy）3], acts as a yellow light-emitting layer, and N,N＇ -bis- （1-naphthyl）- N,N＇ -diphenyl -1, 1＇ -biphenyl-4,4＇ -diamine （NPBX） acts as a hole transporting and exciton blocker layer, respectively. When the concentration of Ir （PPY）3 is 6wt%, the maximum luminance is 24960 cd/m^2 at an applied voltage of 15 V, and the maximum luminous efficiency is 5.17 cd/A at an applied voltage of 8 V.     

Complete approach to automatic identification and sub-pixel center location for ellipse feature

To meet the need of automatic image features extraction with high precision in visual inspection, a complete approach to automatic identification and sub-pixel center location for similar-ellipse feature is proposed. In the method, the feature area is identified automatically based on the edge attribute, and the sub-pixel center location is accomplished with the leastsquare algorithm. It shows that the method is valid, practical, and has high precision by experiment. Meanwhile this method can meet the need of instrumentation of visual inspection because of easy realization and without man-machine interaction.     

小角度扩展相关性近似算法分析

本论文提出一种在多天线MIMO信道相关性建模中小角度扩展近似理论算法,并应用于分析MIMO系统性能。分析中分别对三种不同角能量分布情况下的空间相关性研发快速近似计算法,并同时提出双模(Bi-Modal)角能量分布情况下的近似运算。通过分析这些新方法的近似效率,可以得到计算简单、复杂度低、而且符合实际的MIMO相关信道矩阵,对系统级的快速高效计算法的研究和系统级的评估以及误差分析具有重要的意义。     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Propagation of hermite-cosh-gaussian beams passing through ABCD optical system with an annular aperture

By using the expansion of the aperture function into a finte sum of complex Gaussian functions, the corresponding analytical expressions of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian beams passing through annular apertured paraxially and symmetrically optical systems written in terms of ABCD matrix were derived, and they could reduce to the cases with squared aperture. In a similar way, the corresponding analytical expressions of cosh-Gaussian beams through annular apertured ABCD matrix were also given. The method could save more calculation time than that by using the diffraction integral formula directly.