无线通信中的恒模类盲均衡算法研究

在无线通信系统中，码间干扰（ISI）是影响通信质量的重要因素。盲均衡技术不需要发送导频序列便能自适应调节均衡器抽头系数，能够有效去除ISI。文中介绍了盲均衡技术原理，重点研究了恒模类盲均衡算法，通过对恒模算法（CMA）和改进的CMA算法（包括MMA算法和双模式盲均衡算法）的迭代公式分析，得出了恒模类盲均衡算法的性能。计算机仿真表明恒模类盲均衡算法在无线通信中具有良好的均衡性能。     

一种变步长的恒模均衡算法

针对时变信道需进行自适应均衡的要求，介绍了最常用的恒模算法（Constant Modulus Algorithm，CMA），并对该算法进行了改进，提出了一种步长因子μ与误差信号的e（n）之间另一种新的非线性函数，该函数较为简单，且在误差e（n）接近零处具有缓慢变化的特性，克服了CMA在收敛调整过程中的不足。同时给出了改进算法的仿真结果，计算机仿真结果与理论分析相一致，表明该算法提高了恒模算法的收敛速度，同时也保留了恒模算法较为稳定的性能。     

适用于高阶QAM信号的分数间隔混合盲均衡算法

为了提高高阶QAM信号的盲均衡性能,提出一种分数间隔混合盲均衡算法。该算法将恒模盲均衡算法(CMA)与判决引导算法相结合,并充分利用了分数间隔均衡结构在收敛速度、稳态误差方面的优势。均衡器系数更新首先进行时域解相关,为了消除恒模盲均衡算法的相位不敏感特性,在实现上构造载波同步与盲均衡的大环路。仿真结果表明,对方形星座图的高阶QAM信号,该算法可以提供更快的收敛速度和更小的稳态误差。     

修正恒模算法分数间隔盲均衡

分数间隔均衡(FSE)能够降低对时间同步误差的敏感性,本文通过修正恒模算法(CMA)的误差函数,提出了一种分数间隔盲均衡修正恒模算法(MCMA).利用通信信号8PSK,对修正恒模算法和传统恒模算法进行了盲均衡性能比较,在噪声环境下的频率选择性信道中,MCMA比CMA具有更强的鲁棒性.模拟结果显示MCMA能够通过提高收敛速率、降低稳态均方误差和符号间干扰(ISI),有效地改进了信道均衡性能.     

基于最大相关熵准则的恒模盲均衡算法

针对恒模算法(constant modulus algorithm, CMA)在脉冲噪声环境下性能退化的问题,本文基于最大相关熵准则(maximum correntropy criterion, MCC)对恒模算法中基于最小均方误差(mean square error, MSE)准则的代价函数进行修正,推导出适用于脉冲噪声环境的基于MCC准则的恒模盲均衡算法(MCC_CMA)。该算法利用通信信号的恒模特性,首先得到发送信号与均衡器输出信号模值的误差信号,再通过使模值误差信号的相关熵最大来获得其迭代误差调节项,避免了传统高阶统计量算法在脉冲噪声环境下性能退化的问题。对高斯噪声以及α-稳定分布和混合高斯分布两种脉冲噪声环境下的信道均衡问题的仿真实验表明,相对于经典的自适应恒模盲均衡算法,MCC_CMA算法不依赖噪声的先验知识就能获得较快的收敛速度、较低的剩余码间干扰和误码率,并且在不同脉冲强度的脉冲噪声环境下都能够得到较好的均衡结果,表明MCC_CMA算法具有很好的鲁棒性。      

基于改进CMA+MMA的直达波脉冲复包络估计技术

直达波参考信号在传输过程中经常会受到噪声、地杂波和多路径干扰的影响,造成信号失真,从而对非合作双基地雷达的性能产生影响.为了恢复脉冲制非合作双基地雷达中的直达波参考信号,考虑采用盲均衡技术重构直达波参考信号.针对直达波信号脉冲持续期间模值恒定、脉冲间歇期内模值为零的包络特性,讨论了盲均衡算法中的恒模算法(CMA)和多模算法(MMA)的特点及其应用条件,在此基础上提出了改进的CMA+MMA算法,仿真结果表明改进的CMA+MMA算法比CMA算法均衡后的互相关函数尖峰更窄,能进一步提高CMA算法对直达波脉冲的均衡性能.     

光相移键控均衡算法改进

针对光信号传输过程中产生的相位畸变及高误码率,提出了一种改进算法,通过设置误差容限,实现了LMS(最小均方)算法和CMA(恒模算法)在不同阈值条件下的切换应用。改进算法充分利用CMA收敛速度快及LMS算法稳态特性好的优点,使均衡后星座图中的星座点收敛速度快、相位点集中,信噪比高且稳定,其信号误码率为原来的五分之一。     

基于输出信号峰度的时变步长恒模盲均衡算法的研究

本文以均衡器的输出信号峰度作为控制步长的参量,提出了一种新的时变步长恒模(CMA)盲均衡算法.理论分析和计算机仿真均表明该算法与传统的恒模算法相比,具有更快的收敛速度和更小的稳态剩余误差.     

使用差分相位调制解决盲自适应恒模算法相位旋转问题的研究

恒模算法CMA是一种重要的盲均衡自适应算法,但存在相位旋转问题,本文研究把差分相位调制应用到CMA盲均衡系统中,解决恒模算法的相位旋转问题。通过跟MCMA算法比较,证明了这种方法可以补偿信道任意角度的相位失真,能更有效地解决恒模算法的相位旋转问题,并且能够抵抗一定的多普勒频移。仿真结果表明这种方法降低了CMA盲均衡系统的误码率,提高了系统的性能。     

一种盲自适应空时多用户检测技术

空时多用户检测技术是一种有效消除CDMA系统中多址干扰和码间干扰的方法。目前很多此类方法都需要知道一些系统参数,其自适应实现需要训练序列。提出了一种结合恒模算法(CMA)和解扩重扩算法(DRA)的盲自适应空时恒模解扩重扩算法(STCMDRA),他能够有效利用信号的恒模特性以及用户已知的扩频信号信息来较好地抑制多址干扰及码间干扰。仿真结果进一步验证了该方法的性能。     

Spatial and Temporal CM Equalization for Broadband Wireless Indoor Networks at Millimeter Waves

Based on a new multipath channel model, a spatial-temporal combined CM equalization approach is derived at millimeter waves. Computer simulations are presented to testify the theoretical analysis. It is shown that this method can compensate the signal degradation caused by indoor multipath propagation. The convergence behavior of the spatial-temporal CMA is also analyzed.     

Constant modulus algorithm for blind equalization of multipath transmitted video signals in cable networks

In this paper we present an approach to equalize multipath transmitted video signals without any reference signal. This approach takes advantage of the constant envelope feature of the color burst signal, which is transmitted in the blanking interval of each TV line and can be considered as an angle-modulated signal. The constant modulus algorithm (CMA) after Treichler is modified for our purpose. Special attention is given to the equalization of video signals in PAL systems. By making full use of the genuine phase feature of the color burst signal in PAL systems, the Hilbert transform needed by CMA can be saved for equalizing PAL system video signals. In addition to equalize analog TV signal, this paper can also lead to a joint echo cancellation of analog and digital TV signals transmitted in cable network.     

Two Proposed Blind Equalizers Using Different Constellation Matched Error Functions for QAM Signals

Although Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) is effective to equalize non-minimum phase channels blindly, it suffers from residual intersymbol interference (ISI) and large Mean Square Error (MSE) when applied to higher order constellations (QAM). Methods based on cost function matched to the signal constellation namely alphabet matched algorithm (AMA) were previously reported and proves its superiority on CMA concerning the MSE. Thus dual mode algorithms between CMA and AMA were introduced. A hybrid technique combining CMA and AMA using a cosine square function as a constellation matched error (CME) was lately reported. In this paper two different CME functions are introduced. The MSE of the proposed algorithms are calculated using Matlab simulation under multipath slow fading channels for different signal to noise ratios (SNR) and different levels of QAM constellations. A comparison is established among them. Depicted results show the effectiveness of the two proposed CME functions. Hebat-Allah M. Mourad received her B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical communication engineering from Cairo University, Egypt, in 1983, 1987 and 1994 respectively. Since 1983, she has been with the Department of Electronics and Communications, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, and is currently associate professor there. Her research interests include optical fiber communications, mobile and satellite communications.     

Property of the Constant Modulus Algorithm to Capture the Weak Signal

Property of the Constant Modulus Algorithm to Capture the Weak Signal~~     

Dynamically Partitioned Hierarchical Constant Modulus Algorithm for Variable Delay Spread Channels

The Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) adopts the constant modulus (CM) criterion to minimize the deviation of the equalizer output from a fixed value. However it has two drawbacks: (1) slow rate of convergence (2) the likelihood of getting trapped in a local minimum. The problem gets even worse when the channel delay spread varies rapidly as the filter length cannot match the delay spread. If the filter length is significantly longer than the delay spread, the convergence rate can be slow. In this paper, we improve the performance of the standard CMA by using a dynamically partitioned hierarchical structure to organize the taps of a filter. The filter length is dynamically partitioned according to the delay spread such that they are tightly matched. Preferably, the length of a sub-filter is slightly longer than the delay spread of the channel. The performance evaluation is divided into two parts. In Part I, we do simulation runs for both the cost functions and cost surfaces comparing the standard CMA, where the filter length is significantly longer than the delay spread, and the dynamically partitioned CMA, where the filter length matches the delay spread. In Part II, an analysis is provided to show that the proposed partitioned scheme can speed up the convergence rate and reduce the cost function.     

Gain equalization by mitigating self-filtering effect in a chain ofcascaded EDFA's for WDM transmissions

A simple method of alternatively using high-inversion and moderate-inversion erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA's) in an optical amplifier chain is presented to mitigate the self-filtering effect and equalize both signal power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of multiple wavelength channels in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems. The performance of the compensated system with alternatively used high- and moderate-inversion amplifiers is compared with the uncompensated ones where only moderate- or high-inversion amplifiers are employed. The result shows that the compensated system has a flatter gain profile, a lesser signal power spread, and SNR degradation     

CMA算法盲均衡性能分析

由于受多径传输和有限带宽的影响,无线信道不可避免地存在码间干扰和信道间干扰.盲均衡技术是一种不需要训练序列就能补偿信道畸变的新兴自适应均衡技术.文中从Bussgang类盲均衡原理出发,讨论了属于Bussgang类的CMA盲均衡算法,并利用Simulink对算法进行了仿真.从仿真结果可看出步长对算法收敛性能和精度的影响,步长越小,收敛速度越慢,但稳态误差越小;反之亦然.     

Combination of Kalman filter and constant modulus algorithm withvariable stepsize for the equalisation of fast-fading channels

In fast-fading channels, the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) is unable to properly track the time-variations because the magnitude of the received signal changes too rapidly. The Kalman filter (KF), however, works well in time-varying channels but needs a training sequence to operate. Therefore, a combined CMA and KF algorithm is proposed in order to utilise the advantages of both algorithms. The associated step sizes of the CMA and the KF algorithm are also varied in accordance with the magnitude of the output. Simulations are presented to demonstrate the potential of the combination     

The Capture Analysis of Constant Modulus Approach for Blind Multiuser Detection

This paper analyzes the lock/capture behavior of constant modulus approach (CMA) for blind multiuser detection. Conditions under which CMA locks on the desired signal and when it captures the interferer are derived.     

The Capture Analysis of Constant Modulus Approach for Blind Multiuser Detection

1 Introduction Multiple-access interference (MAI) due to many simultaneous users constitutes the main limitation of DS-CDMA systems. Multiuser detection techniques can efficiently suppress MAI and substantially increase the capacity of CDMA systems. Over …