LTE-A中自适应多流波束赋形算法研究

多流波束赋形技术是LTE-Advanced中采用的多天线增强技术。采用单用户多流波束赋形技术,可以使得单个用户在某一时刻可以进行多个数据流传输,在提升系统性能上表现出极大优势。提出一种LTE-Advanced中下行单用户自适应多流波束赋形算法,基站端基于接收模型对下行链路容量进行预估计,在一定信噪比要求的条件下,以信道容量最大化准则选择波束赋形流数。仿真结果表明,自适应算法增加了波束赋形系统的灵活性,能够有效提高LTE-Advanced系统中下行链路性能。     

CDMA系统下行波束赋形算法

未来的移动通信业务需求将导致下行容量远大于上行容量。在基站端采用智能天线下行波束赋形技术可以解决这一问题。本文系统分析了CDMA系统下行波束赋形的两个主要技术难点,即下行信道协方差矩阵的估计和下行波束赋形算法．并简要介绍了几种下行波束赋形算法。     

TD-SCDMA下行波束成形技术研究

讨论了TD-SCDMA系统的下行信号模型,并根据TD-SCDMA系统上行信道估计可以直接用于下行波束赋形的特点,研究了特征值分解方法下的下行波束成形算法的性能并仿真比较了其与基于最大径准则等下行波束形成算法在不同环境下的性能。     

一种基于特征值分布的波束赋形方案

该文分析了在不同角度扩展和DOA情况下的特征值分布，研究了在不同角度扩展环境下不同波束赋形算法的性能。在此基础上，提出了一种基于特征值分布的波束赋形方案。该方案根据信道的特征值分布自适应地采用不同波束赋形算法。仿真表明，该方案与PPPW（Per-PathPer-Weight）波束赋形算法性能相近，同时大大降低计算复杂度。     

TD-SCDMA系统下行波束赋形技术研究

结合TD-SCDMA系统的特点,深入研究了最大信噪比(MSNR)准则和最大信干噪比(MSINR)准则的下行波束赋形算法。理论分析和仿真结果表明,基于MSINR准则的算法性能优于基于MSNR准则的算法,但是计算量有所增加。     

LTE系统中的双流波束赋形技术研究

通过洋细分析波束赋形算法及其在LTE系统甲的实现方式,对波束赋形性能以及发射天线数对波束赋形系统性能的影响进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,双流波束赋形适用于小区中心区域SINR高的区域：增加发射天线的数量能够改蓠波束赋形系统的SINR性能,从而提升系统的容量。最后指出了波束赋形技术进一步的研究方向。     

DS-CDMA系统下行盲多用户接收机

本文研究多径频率选择性衰落信道下，DS－CDMA系统下行盲多用户检测技术，提出了一种新的基于恒模算法的检测方法。利用下行信号的特征构造约束条件并采用投影梯度法求解优化问题，本文方法克服了常规恒模算法无法保证收敛到期望用户的缺点。仿真结果验证了本文方法具有良好的检测性能，可以在克服信道衰落的同时抑制多址干扰。     

基于TD-SCDMA系统下行链路的码复用方案

TD-SCDMA系统是码字受限系统,为使有限的扩频码在高速率数据下行链路中支持更多用户,该文提出了码复用方案.文中采用智能天线技术,充分利用用户空间分割度较大的空间特征,实现若干高速用户共享同一码字,提高了对有限码资源的利用率.该文对使用若干种波束赋型算法的码复用系统进行仿真,结果表明了其性能与非码复用系统性能相近;对传统零限约束赋形算法加以改进,仿真结果表明改进的算法对系统性能的改善较为明显,尤其适用于高速下行链路若干少量用户同时工作的情况.     

基于有限回传链路的小基站网络重叠协作方法研究

采用一种小区间重叠协作的方法,解决了基于有限回传链路的小基站网络中的干扰管理问题。提出了一种新的基于下行协同波束赋形的小区间重叠协作算法,用于消除小基站网络中不同小基站之间的下行干扰,提高系统吞吐量。仿真结果显示,提出的算法能够显著提升以吞吐量为指标的系统性能。     

MISO系统下行波束赋形及仿真

研究了基于TD-SCDMA系统的下行波束赋形,利用最大信干噪比准则计算出天线的加权系数,在发送端进行赋形,并做了仿真,结果表明下行波束赋形能明显降低接收端误码率,进而降低了基站发射功率。     

Distributed Downlink Beamforming With Cooperative Base Stations

In this paper, we consider multicell processing on the downlink of a cellular network to accomplish “macrodiversity” transmit beamforming. The particular downlink beamformer structure we consider allows a recasting of the downlink beamforming problem as a virtual linear mean square error (LMMSE) estimation problem. We exploit the structure of the channel and develop distributed beamforming algorithms using local message passing between neighboring base stations. For 1-D networks, we use the Kalman smoothing framework to obtain a forward–backward beamforming algorithm. We also propose a limited extent version of this algorithm that shows that the delay need not grow with the size of the network in practice. For 2-D cellular networks, we remodel the network as a factor graph and present a distributed beamforming algorithm based on the sum–product algorithm. Despite the presence of loops in the factor graph, the algorithm produces optimal results if convergence occurs.      

Optimal designs of collaborative relay‐assisted multiuser beamforming for cellular systems

With careful calculation of signal forwarding weights, relay nodes can be used to work collaboratively to enhance downlink transmission performance by forming a virtual multiple‐input multiple‐output beamforming system. Although collaborative relay beamforming schemes for single user have been widely investigated for cellular systems in previous literatures, there are few studies on the relay beamforming for multiusers. In this paper, we study the collaborative downlink signal transmission with multiple amplify‐and‐forward relay nodes for multiusers in cellular systems. We propose two new algorithms to determine the beamforming weights with the same objective of minimizing power consumption of the relay nodes. In the first algorithm, we aim to guarantee the received signal‐to‐noise ratio at multiusers for the relay beamforming with orthogonal channels. We prove that the solution obtained by a semidefinite relaxation technology is optimal. In the second algorithm, we propose an iterative algorithm that jointly selects the base station antennas and optimizes the relay beamforming weights to reach the target signal‐to‐interference‐and‐noise ratio at multiusers with nonorthogonal channels. Numerical results validate our theoretical analysis and demonstrate that the proposed optimal schemes can effectively reduce the relay power consumption compared with several other beamforming approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Low Complexity Downlink Beamforming Scheme for DS-CDMA System

The downlink capacity of frequency division duplex (FDD) based DS-CDMA system can be improved if multielement antenna array is equipped at the base station. In this paper, a novel two-path downlink beamforming (TPDB) scheme is proposed to reduce multiple access interference as well as providing two-order path diversity in downlink. An analysis model is presented for the capacity evaluation of multirate DS-CDMA system with base station antenna array, and the capacity performance of the TPDB is compared with other schemes based on this model. The comparison results show that the TPDB would be a promising candidate for the downlink transmission if both performance and implementation complexity are considered. Moreover, a simple algorithm is proposed for the steering vector estimation in the TPDB, and the robustness of this estimation algorithm in the presence of fading and interference is also confirmed by computer simulations.     

Predictive downlink beamforming for wideband CDMA over Rayleigh-fading channels

A new approach to adaptive downlink beamforming to combat fast Rayleigh fading is presented. In this approach, the antennas at the base transceiver station form transmit beam patterns according to the prediction of downlink channels. The channel prediction is a linear prediction based on the autoregressive model, which is downsampled to extend the memory span given fixed model order. For a wideband code-division multiple-access downlink, pre-RAKE transmission is employed to achieve the multipath diversity gain. In particular, we combine pseudoinverse directions of arrival beamforming with pre-RAKE transmission to alleviate self-interference. The beamforming weights are adjusted within a downlink frame to compensate the predicted fading. We give measures of the prediction and beamforming performance and evaluate the impact of prediction errors on the downlink. Ray tracing simulations in a three-dimensional urban physical model show that the predictive downlink beamforming outperforms the conventional beamforming over Rayleigh-fading channels.     

毫米波下行多用户系统安全混合波束成形算法

毫米波混合波束成形结构受到日益广泛的认可,但缺乏以安全性为着眼点的混合波束成形算法研究,特别是当窃听者具有多用户译码能力时,系统安全性能无法得到保障。针对上述问题,该文基于人工噪声辅助的思想提出一种毫米波下行多用户系统安全混合波束成形算法。首先,将混合波束成形矩阵的模拟部分和数字部分解耦合独立求解,在充分考虑信道特性的基础上,通过最大化用户接收信号能量和迫零思想分别设计有用信号的模拟和数字波束成形矩阵;然后,通过SVD分解设计人工噪声的基带数字预编码矩阵,将人工噪声置于合法用户零空间。仿真结果表明,人工噪声辅助的安全混合波束成形算法有效解决了存在具有多用户译码能力窃听者时系统的安全问题。     

基于非理想CSI的下行MU-MIMO鲁棒波束成形

在下行多用户多入多出（MU-MIMO）系统中,基站（BS）所获得的非理想信道状态信息（CSI）会导致频分双工（FDD）系统预编码性能变差.现有的MU-MIMO鲁棒预编码算法虽然可以对抗非理想CSI所导致的系统性能损失,但其只考虑其中一种或两种信道误差的鲁棒性,因此系统性能提升有限.本文通过建立包含信道估计误差、量化误差和延时误差的联合信道误差模型,推导出具有集中式特性的基于最小均方误差（MMSE）的鲁棒波束成形矩阵的闭式解;随后将这种信道条件应用到分布式通信系统,并推导出具有分布式特性的基于信号泄露的MMSE的鲁棒波束成形矩阵的闭式解.数值分析表明,本文所提的集中式和分布式MU-MIMO波束成形算法,与只考虑量化误差的鲁棒MMSE算法相比,具有更优的系统和速率与误码率,补偿了上述三种信道误差所导致的预编码性能损失.     

Experimental studies of direction of arrivals using a smart antenna testbed in wireless communication systems

This paper presents some preliminary results from experimental studies on space‐division‐multiple‐access (SDMA) for wireless communications. A smart antenna system utilizing direction‐of‐arrival (DOA)‐based beamforming techniques can enhance signal quality by reducing co‐channel interference from mobiles located at angles spatially distinct from the base station. Adopting both smart uplink and downlink beamforming, a communication system with an antenna array can increase the cell coverage of a base station and significantly boost capacity compared with conventional antenna systems. However, successful implementation of DOA‐based beamforming techniques depends on the DOA characteristics. This paper presented the feasibility of direction finding and DOA variation with respect to frequency. Furthermore, the angle spread was studied for selected environments. The results demonstrate the feasibility of applying proposed smart antenna system utilizing DOA‐based beamforming algorithm for increasing channel capacity and improving system performance in frequency‐division‐duplex (FDD) wireless communication systems. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种分布式多点协同波束成形和用户调度算法

为了高效实现多点协同下行链路的协同传输,该文基于最大化最小信干噪比准则提出了一种单层迭代分布式协同波束成形算法,并且证明了该算法的全局收敛性;利用该算法中优化波束的特征,进而提出了一种分布式协同用户调度算法。仿真结果表明,所提分布式协同波束成形和用户调度算法可获得明显优于已有算法的最小信干噪比性能,且只需要很少量的基站间信息交互。     

接收矢量估计辅助的协调波束赋形算法简

针对下行蜂窝无线通信系统,提出了一种基于接收矢量估计辅助优化的分布式协调波束赋形方案。该方案通过在发射端间共享少量信息,并基于MVDR准则对接收端的接收矢量进行估计,从而优化发送波束赋形矢量设计。仿真结果和分析表明,该分布式方案能以较低的开销和算法复杂度获得接近于集中式方案的性能。此外,还提出了一种简化方案,该方案可进一步降低系统开销。