共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
薄膜应力测量方法研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
总结了薄膜应力的一些测量方法。将经常使用的方法归纳为激光宏观变形分析法和X射线分析法。介绍了利用测量基片弯曲曲率的激光宏观变形分析法(包括激光干涉法和激光束偏转法)和品格变形的X射线衍射法等测量薄膜应力的理论依据及其测量原理,计算了各种测量方法的测量精度,X射线分析法的精度最高,其次是激光干涉法,而激光束偏转法的精度最低,分析了激光分析法和X射线分析法的优缺点。 相似文献
2.
3.
尺寸在μm或小于μm的微颗粒样品X射线定量分析的困难不仅表现在理论计算方面,要在电子探针或X射线能谱等电子束显微分析仪上做成功微颗粒定量分析实验也不是一件容易的事。由于颗粒尺寸小(甚至小于电子束直径),束斑位置的稳定性、聚焦程度的好坏及仪器的稳定度都对测量精度带来影响,颗粒越小这种影响越大。 相似文献
4.
本文简述了作者对利用X射线作为中间弹道段弹丸速度测量用区截装置所作的验证性试验结果,实验结果表明X射线完全不受火药气体与残余颗粒的影响,能够准确给出弹丸遮断X光带的实时信号,并且有足够的幅度推动目前配合激光光幕靶的测时仪。所费成本将能远低于脉冲X射线摄影方法,并且具有实时性。 相似文献
5.
6.
用磁控溅射法制备了Mnx Ge1-x(x=0.05、0.07、0.11、0.15、0.19、0.23、0.26、0.29)系列薄膜样品.X射线衍射(XRD) 表明所有样品为Ge立方体结构,没有发现第二相存在.晶格常数随Mn摩尔浓度增加而增加,符合Vegard定律.磁力显微镜(MFM)测量表明没有明显的磁畴结构出现,原子力显微镜(AFM)测量表明样品表面颗粒均匀并且呈圆柱状生长.X射线光电谱测量表明Mn原子并不是处于单一的正二价态.电子输运特性测量表明室温电阻率随Mn摩尔浓度增加而增加,Mn原子处于深的受主态,电阻率随温度增加而减小,样品仍表现为典型的半导体特性.物理性质测量仪测量表明样品的铁磁性是固有的长程有序的,通过s、p-d载流子的交换耦合来实现. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
光学表面评价和检测对光学研究, 尤其是短波段光学研究具有重要的意义。介绍了短波段掠入射表面散射线性模型, 并根据这个理论, 建立了软X 射线掠入射表面逆散射模型。利用这个数学模型对由软X 射线反射率计测得的数据进行计算, 得到通过散射测量所获得的样品表面特征值, 所测结果与WYKO 测量结果吻合。测量结果表明: 掠入射软X 射线光学散射法能够较为精确地计算出光滑表面粗糙度和表面自相关函数, 可以很直观地反应出光学表面形貌特征。 相似文献
10.
磷钨酸乙醇染色法在嗜铬颗粒电镜X射线显微分析中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过比较常规透射电镜制样法、快速冷冻固定-冷冻超薄切片法及磷钨酸乙醇(EPTA)染色法在嗜铬颗粒透射电镜X射线显微分析中的应用,发现磷钨酸乙醇染色法能使嗜铬颗粒电子着色,从而较好地显示嗜铬颗粒的超微结构。同时磷钨酸乙醇染色法也以在一定程度上原位保留生物样品中元素,可以应用于检测样品元素含量的变化或比较样品元素含量的组间差别,提示磷钨酸乙醇染色法是一种可应用于透射电镜X射线显微分析的经济简便的生物样品制备方法。 相似文献
11.
Modified JPEG Huffman coding 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
It is a well observed characteristic that when a DCT block is traversed in the zigzag order, the AC coefficients generally decrease in size and the run-length of zero coefficients increase in number. This article presents a minor modification to the Huffman coding of the JPEG baseline compression algorithm to exploit this redundancy. For this purpose, DCT blocks are divided into bands so that each band can be coded using a separate code table. Three implementations are presented, which all move the end-of-block marker up in the middle of DCT block and use it to indicate the band boundaries. Experimental results are presented to compare reduction in the code size obtained by our methods with the JPEG sequential-mode Huffman coding and arithmetic coding methods. The average code reduction to the total image code size of one of our methods is 4%. Our methods can also be used for progressive image transmission and hence, experimental results are also given to compare them with two-, three-, and four-band implementations of the JPEG spectral selection method. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
If there is a mismatch between the assumed steering vector (SV) and the real value, the performance of adaptive beamforming methods is degraded. When the signal SV is known exactly but the sample size is small, the performance degradation can also occur. The second kind of degradation is mainly due to the mismatch between the sample covariance matrix and the real one. Almost all existing robust adaptive beamformers are proposed to improve the robustness against these two types of mismatch. Indeed, most of them are user parameter dependent, and the user parameter-free robust beamformers are scarce. As one of the shrinkage methods, the general linear combination (GLC) based beamformer is a good user parameter-free robust beamformer. However, it is only suitable for the scenarios with low sample size and/or small SV mismatch. In this paper, we propose a new robust beamformer, and it is based on general linear combination in tandem with SV estimation (GLCSVE). The proposed approach is superior to GLC in two aspects. One is that the GLCSVE beamformer performs well not only with small but also with large sample size. The other is that the GLCSVE can effectively deal with a large range of SV mismatch. Moreover, the proposed GLCSVE approach is a user parameter-free robust beamformer, and is more suitable for application than the parameter dependent approaches. The idea of our method can also be used to enhance other shrinkage based beamformers. 相似文献
15.
研究了基于小波分析的车牌图像定位、分割、大小归一化方法,并分析了奇异值分解算法的数学原理和算法。利用奇异值分解作为代数特征提取方法,获得图像的有效特征描述。以Matlab为开发环境,进行车牌字符的奇异值特征提取,得到车牌字符的奇异值特征,计算具有稳定性,并且有利于将得到的奇异值特征结果可视化,便于对车牌图像的奇异值特征进行分析。该特征能够较好地表达字符图像的细节和结构特征,通过数据和曲线分析,证明车牌字符特征具有较好的可分性。 相似文献
16.
17.
归纳了微电子机械系统中多晶体材料微构件在微塑性加工和应用中其力学性能所表现出来的尺度效应及其多种尺寸关联的主要特征,介绍了微构件外形几何尺寸和材料内部微结构尺寸对其弹、塑性力学性能尺度效应耦合影响的实验和模型研究的主要进展。重点总结并分析了多晶体材料微构件越小越强和越小越弱两种类型尺度效应的研究方法以及测试、影响因素及微观机理初步分析的结果。结论是:微构件内、外尺寸的耦合关联影响控制了尺度效应和与其相对应的材料内在特征长度,今后如能进一步探明微构件外形结构尺寸、晶粒尺寸和材料内在特征长度与其性能异变之间的制约关系,基于晶体学和高阶理论建立较全面、系统的力学分析模型,将有可能揭示微构件多晶材料内在特征长度的微结构控制的机理,进而实现通过调控材料的微结构控制微构件的宏观力学性能。 相似文献
18.
19.
The familiar finite-difference time-domain method for discretizing Maxwell's curl equations on orthogonal grids has been extended to nonorthogonal grids by a number of researchers. While it is difficult to determine the dispersion and stability characteristics of these methods when applied on arbitrary grids, analysis of the idealized but representative case of a uniform skewed mesh proves to be quite tractable in 2-D. This analysis demonstrates that numerical dispersion errors are small for well-resolved spatial wavelengths and that these methods converge to the continuous-space solution in the limit as the cell and time step sizes vanish. Grid anisotropy (variations in wave propagation speed as a function of the propagation angle relative to the mesh coordinates) increases as the mesh is skewed. In spite of this, there exist some angles where waves propagate through the skewed mesh with virtually no dispersion. This analysis also provides a stability limit for the time step size in terms of geometrical mesh quantities 相似文献
20.
模式识别常要求识别结果不受目标的平移、旋转和大小等变化的影响,因此通常先对模式进行规—化预处理,得到与图形形状有关但与目标的平移、旋转和放大缩小无关的图象数据,然后对预处理后的图象数据进行识别分类.这样就减少了原始数据量,且有助于区别带有不同特征的区域。为了识别有变形等失真的图形,要求识别系统有程强的容错能力,因此用神经网络是比较适合的。本文介绍了目前最常用的Fourier描绘子和反向传播算法(BP算法),并针对飞机轮廊图的特点对这两种方法分别做了一些必要的讨论、比较和改进。成功地把这两个算法应用到大样本集飞机的分类和识别,网络训练后能识别三维空间中任意姿态的飞机在两维平面上的投影图。 相似文献