基于独立分量分析和小波变换的膈肌肌电信号降噪

提出了一种基于独立分量分析(ICA)和小波变换的处理方法,用于去除膈肌肌电信号中的心电干扰.首先利用独立成份分析法从膈肌肌电信号分解出心电独立成份,并对该心电成份选择合适的高通滤波器加以滤除,其它为膈肌肌电信号的独立分量进行五尺度小波分解以去除含心电的近似分量,再对各层细节分量进行小波重构,然后将处理后的全部独立分量反射投影回原始信号空间,最后,对临床采集的5路膈肌肌电信号进行实验分析,并与传统ICA方法进行对比.结果表明本文方法有更好的降低心电干扰性能.     

小波尺度谱阈值算法在膈肌肌电降噪的应用

为了去除膈肌肌电信号中的心电干扰,提出了一种小波尺度谱阈值的处理方法。首先,对信号进行五尺度的小波分解,并且把小波系数转化为小波尺度谱;其次,针对心电信号在尺度谱上高于周围两边信号的特点,提出尺度谱阈值对心电信号进行滤除;最后,小波尺度谱映射回小波系数,重构小波系数得到降噪后的膈肌肌电信号。对临床采集的膈肌肌电信号进行实验分析,并与小波阈值方法进行对比,结果表明本文方法降低了心电干扰并且保留膈肌肌电信号的特征。      

基于MATLAB的心电信号的数字滤波处理

心电信号是一种基本的人体生理信号,然而体表检测人体心电信号中常带有工频干扰、基线漂移和肌电干扰等各种噪声,为了得到不失真的原始心电信号,在显示信号前要进行必要的滤波预处理。本文在分析数字滤波器设计原理的基础上,介绍了处理心电信号中滤波器的设计。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的胎儿心电信号提取

该文针对胎儿心电信号难以提取的问题,提出一种从母体腹壁混合信号中提取胎儿心电信号的方法。首先利用最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)拟合母体心电信号传导至腹壁所经历的非线性变换,然后将母体心电信号经由所拟合的非线性变换得到腹壁混合信号中的母体心电成分的最优估计,再从腹壁混合信号中减去母体心电成分的最优估计得到含噪声的胎儿心电信号,最后通过经验模式分解(EMD)抑制胎儿心电信号中的基线漂移和噪声,得到清晰的胎儿心电信号。在胎儿心电信号和母体心电信号QRS波完全重叠的情况下,通过该方法能够提取出清晰的胎儿心电信号。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

应用小波变换去除膈肌肌电图信号中的心电干扰

膈肌肌电图信号是微弱的人体生物电信号,该信号往往受到被测对象自身心电图信号的严重干扰.本文应用小波变换的分析方法,提出了一种心电定位和小波阈值相结合的去心电新算法.该方法在对信号各层小波系数分析的基础上,通过小波相关系数法确定心电干扰的位置和范围,并用绝对值均值的阈值算法对该范围内的小波系数进行阈值处理.实验结果表明,该方法能够有效去除膈肌肌电图信号中的心电干扰,并较好地保留了膈肌肌电图信号的信号特征,为膈肌肌电图信号用于呼吸疾病的分析诊断创造良好的条件.     

心电信号处理中的数字滤波器的设计

心电信号是一种基本的人体信号,其中常带有肌电干扰、基线漂移和工频干扰等各种噪声,为了得到不失真的原始心电信号,在显示信号前要进行必要的滤波预处理.介绍了处理ECG信号中滤波器的设计,包括去除噪声的低通、高通和带阻滤波器.     

基于独立分量分析和微粒群算法的胎儿心电提取

胎儿的心电图（FECG）是研究胎儿心脏电生理活动的一项客观指标,但胎儿心电叠加在母体心电（MECG）上,信号十分微弱,并且受到各种噪声干扰的影响。为了清晰地提取出胎儿心电信号,提出一种基于独立分量分析（ICA）与微粒群算法（PSO）的胎儿心电提取方法—PICA算法。研究结果表明,与其他一些传统的胎儿心电提取方法相比,这种方法能够提取出更加准确的胎儿心电信号,具有较强的稳定性和鲁棒性,对基于胎儿心电的生理学、病理学研究有一定意义。     

基于独立分量分析的多通道脑电信号自动去噪算法研究

在脑电信号的采集和处理过程中,经常受到如眼电、心电等各样噪声和伪迹的影响。独立分量分析通过对非高斯分布数据进行有效表示,获得在统计学上独立的各个分量,通过对噪声分量的去除以及信号分量的重构,实现对噪声和伪迹的去除。针对目前信号分解后噪声分量的处理尚停留在目测去除和人工识别阶段,耗时严重以及准确度差的不足,本文提出一种基于独立分量分析的KC复杂度自动阈值算法的提出很好地解决了这个问题,在对含工频噪声的EEG信号进行处理后,取得了良好的实验效果。     

基于集合经验模态分解和信号结构分析的心电信号R波识别算法

R波作为确定心电信号各波段的重要参考,是心电自动分析的前提。针对大多数R波识别算法的预处理过程影响识别准确度和耗时问题,该文提出一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)和信号结构分析的算法对带噪心电信号(ECG)的R波直接进行识别。首先通过EEMD将带噪声的心电信号分解成一系列本征模态分量,然后对分解后的各模态分量作独立成分分析以提取出R波特征最明显的成分,对该成分进行结构分析,从而实现对R波的准确定位。仿真结果表明,该文算法对带噪声心电信号的R波识别具有更优性能,对异常心电信号的R波识别也具有明显效果。     

基于集合经验模态分解和信号结构分析的心电信号R波识别算法

R波作为确定心电信号各波段的重要参考,是心电自动分析的前提.针对大多数R波识别算法的预处理过程影响识别准确度和耗时问题,该文提出一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)和信号结构分析的算法对带噪心电信号(ECG)的R波直接进行识别.首先通过EEMD将带噪声的心电信号分解成一系列本征模态分量,然后对分解后的各模态分量作独立成分分析以提取出R波特征最明显的成分,对该成分进行结构分析,从而实现对R波的准确定位.仿真结果表明,该文算法对带噪声心电信号的R波识别具有更优性能,对异常心电信号的R波识别也具有明显效果.     

Nonstationary harmonic modeling for ECG removal in surface EMG signals

We present a compact approach for mitigating the presence of electrocardiograms (ECG) in surface electromyographic (EMG) signals by means of time-variant harmonic modeling of the cardiac artifact. Heart rate and QRS complex variability, which often account for amplitude and frequency time variations of the ECG, are simultaneously captured by a set of third-order constant-coefficient polynomials modulating a stationary harmonic basis in the analysis window. Such a characterization allows us to significantly suppress ECG from the mixture by preserving most of the EMG signal content at low frequencies (less than 20?Hz). Moreover, the resulting model is linear in parameters and the least-squares solution to the corresponding linear system of equations efficiently provides model parameter estimates. The comparative results suggest that the proposed method outperforms two reference methods in terms of the EMG preservation at low frequencies.     

心电信号检测中滤除肌电干扰的方法

心电信号检测是医生诊断治疗心血管疾病的重要辅助手段,但由于心电信号检测实际条件不理想,心电信号中常混有各种干扰信号,常见有肌电干扰、基线漂移和工频干扰。文中针对肌电干扰,采用数字滤波方法进行了去除噪声的滤波器设计。并通过对心电图信号滤波器的设计,不仅提高了ECG信号滤波器的去噪效果,且提高了工作效率。     

A single-lead ECG enhancement algorithm using a regularized data-driven filter

We presented a novel way of deriving a subspace filter for enhancing a noisy electrocardiogram (ECG) signal contaminated by electromyogram (EMG). The new subspace filter was based on a multiple cycle prediction (MCP) modeling of a single-lead ECG. The adoption of an MCP model resulted in a data matrix more suitable for separating noise and signal subspaces than the linear prediction (LP) model that is implicitly assumed in many existing subspace filters. Alignment of ECG cycles of different length is required for MCP modeling and was handled by a dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm. A run-time procedure was designed for automatically determining the signal space dimension adaptively. To validate the new filter in a quantitative way, 12 clean realistic ECG segments with different degrees of heart rate variability generated using the ECGSyn program were mixed with different realizations of EMG noise in the MIT-BIH Noise Stress Test Database and locally acquired EMG at a typical 10-dB signal-to-noise ratio. The performance of the proposed method was compared to three existing ECG enhancement algorithms and achieved encouraging results. In addition, various ECG recordings from MIT-Arrythmia database were also mixed with EMG noise and subjected to the same four filters resulting in a qualitative comparison of them.     

Microcomputer-based portable long-term spasticity recording system

A device for long-term monitoring of muscle activity (EMG) with surface electrodes and method of its application are described in this paper. This device is called a microcomputer two-channel EMG monitor. The device can be used for up to 24 h monitoring of EMG activity, followed by data transfer to a host computer for signal analysis. This device records amplified, rectified, and integrated EMG activity. Shorter recording time allows shorter sampling periods suitable for different other EMG analysis. Recording of spontaneous EMG in complete spinal cord injured subjects was the original reason for the design of the long-term monitor. These recordings were used for estimation of spasticity in complete spinal cord patients.     

Phase-rectified signal averaging used to estimate the dominant frequencies in ECG signals during atrial fibrillation

Phase-rectified signal averaging (PRSA) is a technique recently introduced to enhance quasi-periodic signal components. An important parameter that can be extracted from surface ECG is the dominant frequency (DF) of atrial fibrillation (AF). AF signal components are always highly contaminated by the ventricular complexes, and the cancellation of these components is never perfect. The remaining artifacts tend to induce erroneous DF estimates. In this paper, we report on the use of PRSA in the context of noninvasive AF classification procedures for improving DF estimation. The potential of PRSA is demonstrated by experiments both on synthetic and clinical ECG signals.     

An improved adaptive power line interference canceller for electrocardiography

Power line interference may severely corrupt a biomedical recording. Notch filters and adaptive cancellers have been suggested to suppress this interference. We propose an improved adaptive canceller for the reduction of the fundamental power line interference component and harmonics in electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. The method tracks. the amplitude, phase, and frequency of all the interference components for power line frequency deviations up to about 4 Hz. A comparison is made between the performance of our method, former adaptive cancellers, and a narrow and a wide notch filter in suppressing the fundamental power line interference component. For this purpose a real ECG signal is corrupted by an artificial power line interference signal. The cleaned signal after applying all methods is compared with the original ECG signal. Our improved adaptive canceller shows a signal-to-power-line-interference ratio for the fundamental component up to 30 dB higher than that produced by the other methods. Moreover, our method is also effective for the suppression of the harmonics of the power line interference.     

Estimation of motor unit conduction velocity from surface EMG recordings by signal-based selection of the spatial filters

Muscle fiber conduction velocity (CV) can be estimated by the application of a pair of spatial filters to surface electromagnetic (EMG) signals and compensation of the spatial filter transfer function with equivalent temporal filters. This method integrates the selection of the spatial filters for signal detection to the estimation of CV. Using this approach, in this paper, we propose a novel technique for signal-based selection of the spatial filter pair that minimizes the effect of nonpropagating signal components (end-of-fiber effects) on CV estimates (optimal filters). The technique is applicable to signals with one propagating and one nonpropagating component, such as single motor unit action potentials. It is shown that the determination of the optimal filters also allows the identification of the propagating and nonpropagating signal components. The new method was applied to simulated and experimental EMG signals. Simulated signals were generated by a cylindrical, layered volume conductor model. Experimental signals were recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis with a linear array of 16 electrodes. In the simulations, the proposed approach provided CV estimates with lower bias due to nonpropagating signal components than previously proposed methods based on the entire signal waveform. In the experimental signals, the technique separated propagating and nonpropagating signal components with an average reconstruction error of 2.9 +/- 0.9% of the signal energy. The technique may find application in single motor unit studies for decreasing the variability and bias of CV estimates due to the presence and different weights of the nonpropagating components.     

Dual slew-rate limiting for reducing gradient field interference in cardiac gated magnetic resonance imaging

A method is presented for minimising gradient field interference on the electrocardiogram (ECG) of a patient undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. A two lead ECG amplifier uses a single slew-rate limiter in the main signal path, this path providing the ECG signal plus slew-rate limited gradient interference from the scanner. A secondary signal path, also containing a slew-rate limiter, is derived from the main path and provides only slew-rate limited gradient interference. This signal can then be subtracted from the main path to cancel the original interference. This simple arrangement operates in real-time, needs no control signals from the scanner and has been successfully employed in a clinical environment.     

Fetal ECG extraction from single-channel maternal ECG usingsingular value decomposition

The extraction of fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) from the composite maternal ECG signal obtained from the abdominal lead is discussed. The proposed method employs singular value decomposition (SVD) and analysis based on the singular value ratio (SVR) spectrum. The maternal ECG (M-ECG) and the fetal ECG (F-ECG) components are identified in terms of the SV-decomposed modes of the appropriately configured data matrices, and elimination of the M-ECG and determination of F-ECG are achieved through selective separation of the SV-decomposed components. The unique feature of the method is that only one composite maternal ECG signal is required to determine the P-ECG component. The method is numerically robust and computationally efficient