激光表面熔凝温度场的二维数值模型

建立了激光表面快速熔凝条件下温度场的二维数值模型,并利用有限差分法对Cu-Mn合金在激光表面快速熔凝条件下的温度场进行了计算。计算结果表明该模型能准确描述激光表面快速凝固条件下熔池的温度场信息,而且在保证计算精度的条件下简化了计算(相对于三维)。计算结果与实验结果相吻合。     

激光激发瑞利波测量铝合金焊接残余应力

根据声弹性原理提出了一种新的测量材料表面焊接应力的激光超声方法.利用Nd:YAG脉冲激光在材料表面激发高频率超声瑞利波,采用非线性激光干涉仪对检测焊接应力的超声瑞利波进行探测.探测点的位置保持不变,通过激发源的扫描来改变激发源和探测点之间的距离,干涉仪探测到一系列超声脉冲波形信号.采用波形相关技术计算相邻超声瑞利波的传播时间延迟,得出瑞利波的传播速度,进而根据声弹性理论计算出相应的应力值.通过激光源在焊缝附近的扫描,得到焊缝周围的应力分布.测量了铝焊接平板表面的残余应力,得到了样品表面的焊接应力分布.实验结果表明,这种方法可以实现样品表面焊接应力的快速扫描测量,使其在材料表面焊接应力分布无损检测领域具有一定的应用价值.     

连续激光表面重熔平面—非平面系合金的数值模拟

本文对连续激光表面重熔铝硅、铁碳合金温度场的变化,及快速凝固的微观组织形态的演绎进行了数值模拟,以期通过对这两种典型的f-nf系合金的研究,得到f-nf系合金在激光表面重熔下微观组织形态演绎的共同特征。数学模型在能量平衡方程的基础上,考虑到激光束空间Gauss分布特性,计算了物体表面温度场三维分布,在此基础上结合枝晶分布KGT模型以及共晶分布经修正的TMK模型,建立起一个完整的从激光重熔到共晶生长的计算模型。利用此模型模拟计算了f-nf合金激光重熔后,快速凝固的微观组织的共晶生长的范围。     

激光脉冲对钢材热处理的计算

将激光作用对象视为热物性参数为常量的均匀介质,介绍材料在激光脉冲列作用下温度场的解析计算方法。基于研究结果及钢材马氏体相变模型,提出一种,激光脉冲列对钢材表面相变硬化处理时硬化带尺寸的计算方法,并通过激光热处理实验对计算方法的可行性作出证明。     

高温下表面波测量亚表面缺陷宽度的数值模拟

为了实现激光超声技术对不同温度下亚表面缺陷宽度的定量检测,本文采用了有限元法模拟了激光激发表面波与亚表面缺陷的作用,并提出了一种利用表面波定量计算亚表面缺陷宽度的方法。首先在亚表面缺陷的一侧产生表面波,然后在另一侧产生表面波,最后分别在两侧检测到来自在亚表面缺陷的入射和反射表面波。当亚表面缺陷处于一个表面波波长的作用范围内时,基于入射和反射表面波的到达时间可实现计算亚表面缺陷宽度。数值结果与理论结果吻合良好,为高温下采用激光超声技术定量计算亚表面缺陷宽度提供了一种十分有效的数值方法。     

纳秒激光诱导铝板表面超疏水微纳结构北大核心CSCD

提出了一种利用纳秒光纤激光快速制备超疏水铝板表面的方法,对样品表面的接触角和粗糙度进行了测量。烘烤处理激光加工后的样品,得到了一系列具有不同润湿性能的铝板表面,增加激光能量密度可得到超疏水表面。研究结果表明,增加激光能量密度除了能提高铝板表面的粗糙度,还会形成明显的微纳二级结构;空气占铝板超疏水复合接触面总面积的90%以上;纳秒激光诱导铝板超疏水表面是微纳结构和化学成分共同作用的结果。     

强激光宽带扫描转镜的傅里叶光学研究

用标量衍射理论对光学系统进行了较详细讨论,并建立了相应的模拟计算软件.对于任意给定的激光及任意给定的输入光束,可以快速计算光束通过光学系统后任意观察区域的瞬时光束功率密度分布;当给定加热工件的运动速度及工件表面对光能的吸收特性后,利用该软件可以模拟给定时间间隔内材料表面吸收的能量分布. 利用任意分布光束作用的激光热处理温度场快速计算方法,可以为光学系统配制相应的热作用计算软件.因此,本研究工作可以作为常用振动镜及各种不同形式扫描转镜光束变换特性深入研究的参考,并为提高宽带扫描转镜及同类光学系统的使用质量提供了方便.(OG8)     

激光冲击波清洗K9玻璃表面SiO2颗粒的研究

光学元件表面的颗粒污染物会影响到光学系统的正常运行,为了解决此污染问题,采用激光等离子体冲击波清洗法移除K9玻璃表面的SiO2颗粒污染物。在激光器扫描模式下,实验研究此方法的清洗效果;在激光单点作用下,理论计算了颗粒位置、激光作用距离及激光能量对清洗效果的影响,并以实验加以验证。结果表明,通过良好地控制激光参量,采用Nd:YAG激光清洗K9玻璃表面的SiO2颗粒具有明显的效果;在激光单点作用下,计算结果与实验结果规律一致。     

不锈钢材料的准分子激光打标

介绍了微机控制准分子激光打标系统并进行了不锈钢表面打标的研究。在不同激光能量密度下不锈钢表面发生不同的变化;通过对激光作用不锈钢表面温度的计算得出打标阈值,即不锈钢熔点温度所对应的激光能量密度;在阈值以上激光作用下不锈钢表面形成镜面,而在阈值以下则出现氧化层。温度计算表明,激光表面相互作用时温度变化（升温或冷却）速率达１０１０℃／ｓ,可形成非晶态。     

激光激发材料中近场声表面波的数值模拟

用有限元方法数值模拟了激光热弹机制下激发材料中的声表面波,分别建立了激光照射无表面缺陷的材料以及含有矩形凹槽缺陷情况下声表面波激发与传播的模型,通过数值计算分别得到了无表面缺陷和存在不同深度表面缺陷的情况下,位于激光光斑辐照半径内固定一点的垂直于材料表面方向的位移曲线.进而计算了固定缺陷尺寸情况下位于入射激光光斑半径之外几百微米范围内各点垂直于材料表面方向的位移.     

广义结点电压法和广义网孔电流法

介绍了如何用广义结点电压法和广义网孔电流法对电路进行分析求解．广义结点法通过引入广义结点来处理结点法中无伴电压源支路,相应地广义网孔法则通过引入广义网孔来处理网孔法中的无伴电流源支路,从而避免引入附加电路变量,使所列方程减少．简化计算。     

光伏电池输出特性与最大功率点跟踪的仿真分析

根据太阳能光伏电池的等效电路特点,建立了相应的光伏电池组件的仿真模型。该模型可以实现在不同光照强度和温度下光伏组件的输出特性,在此模型基础上研究了光伏组件最大功率追踪方法(MPPT)。在众多最大功率追踪方法中,扰动法有着比较优秀的控制效果。针对最常用的最大功率点跟踪方法-扰动观察法,提出一种改进型的扰动法算法,通过仿真结果和实验证明该方法在一定程度上可解决光伏电池输出非线性的问题,有效避免跟踪偏差,提高光伏电池的输出效率,且动态响应速度快,使光伏系统具有良好的动态和稳态性能。     

分布式星载干涉SAR基线设计与性能分析

基于线性化开普勒方程给出了分布式SAR卫星的轨道要素计算公式,分析了分布式星载干涉SAR的高程测量精度、速度测量精度以及改善空间分辨率的性能指标,建立了分布式SAR卫星的空间几何模型,结合编队构形设计进行了极限基线分析;在此基础上提出了一种通用的三维编队飞行分布式星载干涉SAR基线设计方法.基于L波段分布式SAR卫星进行了编队轨道参数设计,给出了干涉基线的仿真结果,并通过系统性能分析验证了基线设计方法的有效性.     

Fusion of magnetometer and gradiometer sensors of MEG in the presence of multiplicative error

Novel neuroimaging techniques have provided unprecedented information on the structure and function of the living human brain. Multimodal fusion of data from different sensors promises to radically improve this understanding, yet optimal methods have not been developed. Here, we demonstrate a novel method for combining multichannel signals. We show how this method can be used to fuse signals from the magnetometer and gradiometer sensors used in magnetoencephalography (MEG), and through extensive experiments using simulation, head phantom and real MEG data, show that it is both robust and accurate. This new approach works by assuming that the lead fields have multiplicative error. The criterion to estimate the error is given within a spatial filter framework such that the estimated power is minimized in the worst case scenario. The method is compared to, and found better than, existing approaches. The closed-form solution and the conditions under which the multiplicative error can be optimally estimated are provided. This novel approach can also be employed for multimodal fusion of other multichannel signals such as MEG and EEG. Although the multiplicative error is estimated based on beamforming, other methods for source analysis can equally be used after the lead-field modification.     

A hybrid technique for analyzing wire antennas in the presence of a plane interface

A hybrid technique which combines the method of moments (MM) with ray methods is employed to analyze the radiation of wires in the presence of a plane interface. In this technique, which is an extension of that proposed for combining the MM with the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD), a piecewise sinusoid (PWS) Galerkin method formulation is used. In this paper the basic assumption is made that a PWS dipole can be replaced by three sources of transverse, spherical waves, so that their fields can be treated separately by standard ray methods. Via this procedure the MM matrix can be easily augmented to account for the wire-interface interactions. Calculations of the field both radiated in the antenna half-space and transmitted through a plane interface are found in very good agreement with those performed by using the rigorous Sommerfeld integral representation. These results show that this technique provides an accuracy which is widely acceptable in most engineering applications, even when the wire is placed very close to the interface. This approach, which employs ray methods to calculate reflected and transmitted field contributions, appears promising to treat the case of curved interfaces.     

指纹采集的数字全息成像方法研究

提出了一种非接触无损测量的指纹采集数字全息方法。构建了一套反射式离轴菲涅耳数字全息系统,研究了重构指纹振幅和相位图像的方法,并对引入的相位畸变用最小二乘曲面拟合法予以校正。实验中,对刑侦现场容易遗留犯罪嫌疑人潜在无色指纹的多种样品进行了指纹采集,同时得到了清晰的振幅像和相位图像。相位图像的获取增强了指纹信息量,充分表明了数字全息指纹采集方法运用于警用领域指纹采集的可行性,特别是对于无色指纹及其他弱强度信息的指纹更有实用意义。     

On the optimality of the gridding reconstruction algorithm

Gridding reconstruction is a method to reconstruct data onto a Cartesian grid from a set of nonuniformly sampled measurements. This method is appreciated for being robust and computationally fast. However, it lacks solid analysis and design tools to quantify or minimize the reconstruction error. Least squares reconstruction (LSR), on the other hand, is another method which is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the reconstruction error. This method is computationally intensive and, in many cases, sensitive to measurement noise. Hence, it is rarely used in practice. Despite their seemingly different approaches, the gridding and LSR methods are shown to be closely related. The similarity between these two methods is accentuated when they are properly expressed in a common matrix form. It is shown that the gridding algorithm can be considered an approximation to the least squares method. The optimal gridding parameters are defined as the ones which yield the minimum approximation error. These parameters are calculated by minimizing the norm of an approximation error matrix. This problem is studied and solved in the general form of approximation using linearly structured matrices. This method not only supports more general forms of the gridding algorithm, it can also be used to accelerate the reconstruction techniques from incomplete data. The application of this method to a case of two-dimensional (2-D) spiral magnetic resonance imaging shows a reduction of more than 4 dB in the average reconstruction error.     

数点法与灰度阈值法在聚合物水泥水化程度定量分析中的应用

本文介绍了背散射电子图像分析技术的两种定量数据处理方法:数点法与灰度阈值法.并对两种方法在聚合物改性水泥浆体水化程度分析中的适应性进行了研究.对比两种方法得到的结果,得到如下结论:若图像的质量不佳,可采用数点法进行分析,但需要增加图像数量以把误差降至最低;灰度阈值法可在图像数量较少时得到较精准的结果,但需要高质量的背散射电子图像以保证结果的准确性.为减小误差,数点法在进行统计之前应试验确定合适的网格点数;而除定量计算面积分数与体积分数外,灰度阈值法还可对颗粒形态、粒径分布等进行分析,是一个更全面的分析方法.本质上数点法与灰度法是同样的方法,在掌握了一定规律之后两种方法都是可靠的数据处理方法,在具体应用中应熟练掌握并扬长避短.     

Spread-Spectrum Despreading Without the Code

A new method for despreading direct-sequence spreadspectrum signals, without use of the spreading code, is evaluated by analysis and simulation. The new method exploits the cyclic autocorrelation in place of the conventional autocorrelation, which was used in a prior method. Both methods require that the period of the code be equal to a multiple of the data symbol interval. Broad-band noise and narrowband interference rejection capabilities of both methods are compared. It is shown that the new method, unlike the prior method, can provide substantial immunity to strong narrow-band interference.     

A method for dynamics identification for haptic display of the operating feel in virtual environments

Realistic dynamics models are important for haptic display for virtual reality systems. Such dynamic models are desirably obtained via experimental identification. However, traditional dynamics identification methods normally require large sized training data sets, which maybe difficult to meet in many practical applications. To obtain the dynamics models, we present, in this paper, an identification method using support vector machines regression algorithm which is more effective than traditional methods for sparse training data. This method can be used as a generic learning machine or as a special learning technique that can make full use of the available knowledge about the dynamics structure. The experimental results show the application of our method for identifying friction models for haptic display.