具有连续相位的8PSK调制

连续相位的QPSK信号具有恒定包络,解决了传统QPSK信号由于相位跳变所带来的包络起伏问题,但其频带利用率没有8PSK高,为提高频带利用率,提出了连续相位8PSK(CP8PSK)调制。本文首先利用差分编码规则来表征8PSK信号一个符号周期的相位变化,进而将其表示为连续相位调制(CPM)的形式,再使用频率脉冲对其相位进行脉冲整形,最终得到具有连续相位的CP8PSK表达式。为了降低系统的整体复杂度,本文还对CP8PSK进行了Laurent分解。根据理论分析CP8PSK信号应当具有恒定包络,而且比连续相位的QPSK调制要有更高的带宽效率和更平滑的频谱,通过MATLAB进行仿真之后,得到的CP8PSK具有恒定包络,且带宽效率在同等情况下要高于整形的交错QPSK(SOQPSK)和8PSK,频谱也更加平滑,抗误码性能与理想8PSK相比损失也不大。      

基于包络信息的BPSK 信号与侦收信道带宽定量关系分析

针对二相编码信号经过数字信道化接收机会产生包络缺口现象,通过改变了信号与接收机相关参数,发现对包络缺口个数正确估计的条件要强于对脉宽的估计,且位于信道边沿的信号不能保证包络缺口个数的正确估计。该研究以包络缺口个数与二相编码相位跳变点相等,脉宽估计相对误差小于10%作为正确接收的条件,得到了信号带宽与信道带宽之间的定量关系:当信号载频与信道中心的距离不大于信道带宽的44. 4% 时,可正确接收的信号带宽为信道带宽的0. 493;当距离不大于信道带宽的37. 2% 时,可正确接收的信号带宽增大至信道带宽的0. 704;该结果对不同的编码方式依然成立。     

Energy separation in signal modulations with application to speechanalysis

An efficient solution to the fundamental problem of estimating the time-varying amplitude envelope and instantaneous frequency of a real-valued signal that has both an AM and FM structure is provided. Nonlinear combinations of instantaneous signal outputs from the energy operator are used to separate its output energy product into its AM and FM components. The theoretical analysis is done first for continuous-time signals. Then several efficient algorithms are developed and compared for estimating the amplitude envelope and instantaneous frequency of discrete-time AM-FM signals. These energy separation algorithms are used to search for modulations in speech resonances, which are modeled using AM-FM signals to account for time-varying amplitude envelopes and instantaneous frequencies. The experimental results provide evidence that bandpass-filtered speech signals around speech formants contain amplitude and frequency modulations within a pitch period     

机载静默射频噪声掩护技术研究

为了规避敌方雷达对于己方战机的探测,该文提出一种战机发射射频掩护信号的方法。针对采用恒虚警类检测器(CFAR)算法的敌方雷达,己方目标发射的一定包络的掩护信号可以提升敌方噪声估计电平,达到使己方战机针对该雷达隐身的效果的同时,避免射频掩护电磁信号被敌方电子侦察设备截获,具体包括敌方雷达信号抵达目标时间估计,敌方探测能力评估,掩护噪声包络功率设计等步骤。基于单元平均恒虚警检测器(CA-CFRA),该文利用数值仿真分析了射频掩护包络和功率对掩护信号被截获概率及目标被探测概率的关系,表明该方法需要恰当的设计掩护包络和平衡信号功率达到更好的射频掩护效果。     

A 24-channel implantable neural recording based on time and frequency-division multiplexing

This paper presents a novel approach to encapsulate prerecorded neural signals in implantable neural recording microsystems. We have increased the number of channels and the reconstructed neural signal quality in the receiver by combining time-division-multiplexing (TDM) and frequency-division-multiplexing (FDM) method. Reducing the number of channels in each TDM module is the fundamental advantage of this method that leads to reduced crosstalk noise. We evaluate some possible configurations and propose an optimized system that has less power dissipation and area occupation than other configurations. A 24-channel implantable neural recording based on the optimized system is designed in both system and circuit level. In this system, first, channels are divided into three 8-channel groups then after multiplexing in the time domain, they are combined together by FDM method. Finally, a frequency modulator wirelessly transmits neural signals to an external setup. In addition, we adjust local carrier frequencies and the bandwidth of TDM to synchronize detection without transmitting pilot carrier. To justify the system operation, using 0.18 μm CMOS technology, we design the system in circuit level. The designed circuit consumes a power of 1.39 mW at a supply voltage of 1.8 V. This leads to a power consumption of 58 μW per channel.     

三相四线制有源电力滤波器的设计与仿真

三相四线制有源电力滤波器能够很好地提高滤波器的滤波性能,实现在大功率场合下的谐波抑制和无功补偿。通过研究主电路拓扑结构,给出了主电路设计方法,包括触发电路的设计,IPM驱动电路的设计和同步信号电路的设计。综合运用瞬时无功理论中的p-q法和ip—iq法,提出了一种新的基于瞬时无功理论的有效的三相四线制谐波检测新方法,此方法能将三相电流中的零序电流剔除。最后文章利用Matlab／Simulink构建了仿真模型,设定了仿真模型中各部分的参数,仿真结果验证了该方法的准确性和有效性。     

高效率包络跟踪电源设计

包络跟踪技术是提高射频功率放大器的一项核心技术,该技术利用功放的供电跟随输入信号的包络幅度变化,使功放管子始终工作在临界饱和点,从而大大提高功放系统的效率。本文在开关电源技术的基础上,提出一种新型包络跟踪电源电路拓扑,为现代通信系统基站提供了一种高效的供电方案。然后,从理论和实验上论证了这种拓扑的可行性。最后,通过实验测试了该系统在实际应用中的一些性能指标,测试结果再次验证这种拓扑的实用价值。     

APD前置放大模块电路建模与仿真分析

采用SACM—APD电路模型以及对前置放大电路的分析，建立了APD前置放大模块电路模型，并对模型进行瞬态特性和交流特性仿真分析。模拟得到响应度约为400kV／W；信号沿上升下降时间为6ns，-3dB带宽约为73MHz，与研制的APD前置放大模块实际试验测试值相吻合。     

S 波段连续波速调管宽带输出电路的设计与测试

本文开展了一种用于通信系统的4.6%带宽的S 波段连续波宽带速调管KS4158 的研制工作,重点研究了该速调管的宽带输出电路,详细介绍了宽带输出电路的两种设计方案：滤波器加载重叠模双间隙耦合腔宽带输出电路和三节滤波器加载宽带输出电路。文中还介绍了基于矢量网络分析仪的宽带输出电路的扫频测量法,给出了这两种宽带输出电路的测试结果。最后,给出了分别采用上述两种宽带输出电路方案的两只速调管的测试结果,并对这两种方案进行了分析和比较,其中采用三节滤波器加载宽带输出电路方案的样管的连续波输出功率大于17kW,瞬时带宽大于4.6%。     

A novel ultra low power ASK demodulator for a passive UHF RFID tag compatible with C1 G2 EPC standard protocol

In order to reduce the power consumption of RFID tags and increase the reading range of RFID systems, this paper proposes an ASK demodulator that uses a new approach to reduce the threshold voltage of diode connected MOS transistors as an obstacle in the design of the envelope detector. Also, an ultra low power comparator is used for further power reduction. This circuit has been simulated in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology to satisfy EPC Class 1 Generation 2 standard protocol emphasizing on the reduction of power consumption. The proposed circuit can correctly demodulate the minimum input RF signal amplitude of 180 mV for modulation depths of 55–100 % with 40–160 kb/s data rates. A total power consumption of less than 290 nW is achieved at a 1.2 V power supply. Effects of the input signal additive white noise as well as the process and temperature variations on the signal demodulation is also investigated in this paper.     

新型电容式MEMS加速度计数字接口电路设计

MEMS加速度计接口电路主要采用传统sigma-delta架构实现,但这种方式中的电路失调电压很容易产生积分饱和现象．为解决这个问题,本文设计了一种可以用于钻井、石油勘探等微弱信号检测的新型数字电容接口电路．该设计在电容式MEMS加速度传感器基础上,采用FPGA实现数字三阶环路滤波器,构成5阶sigma-delta系统．采用数字环路滤波器降低了ASIC模拟电路版图设计与芯片测试难度,利于快速优化环路滤波器设计参数,改善系统稳定性和优化系统噪声性能．前置放大器采用一种相对简单的相关双采样技术,能够有效减小前置放大器的失调电压．根据MEMS加速度计前置放大器输出信号符合正态分布的特点,设计了带有一定预测功能的8-bit瞬时浮点ADC,实现模拟与数字环路滤波器互联．在200Hz带宽内,该接口电路系统噪声基底达到53．09ng／rt（Hz）,满足系统噪声设计要求．前置放大器与ADC采用XFAB XH018混合信号CMOS工艺流片,开环测试表明,前置放大器的灵敏度和噪声分别为0．69V／pF和3．20μV／rt（Hz）．     

激光窄脉冲信号探测电路的设计与接收

在激光反射层析成像雷达系统中,激光脉宽越窄,系统的成像分辨率越高。而高带宽、无失真的探测接收电路设计起来较为困难。详细分析了雪崩光电二极管(Avalanche Photodiode,APD)模型及其主要性能参数,并选择了合适的探测器。然后对前置放大电路、主放大电路和可控增益放大电路进行了较为详细的分析,并设计了合适的电路结构。GHz级微弱光电信号在被接收时很容易受到外部噪声的干扰,这会导致接收波形产生畸变。采用电磁辐射屏蔽方法消除了干扰,最终无失真地探测和接收到了1 ns窄脉冲激光信号,满足了激光反射层析成像雷达系统的0.15 m成像精度要求。     

二相编码信号性能分析

二相编码信号应用于低截获自导声纳波形设计,具有较好的性能。本文着重研究了二相编码信号的模糊函数及频谱,仿真实验表明二相编码信号距离分辨力及速度分辨力与信号带宽和信号时宽分别对应相关。信号带宽越大则距离分辨力越高,信号时宽越长则速度分辨力越高。同时信号带宽亦与信号频谱幅度成反比关系。信号带宽越大,信号频谱幅度越低,功率谱密度亦越低。因此,选择适当的时宽、带宽,二相编码信号具有较好的低截获性能。     

一种宽动态范围跨阻放大器的设计

针对光电探测器的光电流信号弱、变化范围大的特点,设计了一种全新的检测光电流信号的跨阻放大器(TIA)电路结构,其检测电流信号范围为1.6 μ上A～1.6 mA,动态电流检测范围达到60 dB.通过在电路内部设计出两个增益可调、增益段不同的TIA,分别处理光电流的小电流段(1.6～50 μA)和大电流段(50 μA～1.6 mA),增益可调范围为56～96 dBΩ;通过外置输出电压饱和检测信号,选择所需工作的TIA及其增益段.该电路采用0.18 μm标准CMOS工艺的PDK进行电路设计、版图设计和仿真验证等.测试结果表明:在检测电流为1.6 μA时,输出电压为95 mV;检测电流为1.6mA时,输出电压为915 mV,与仿真结果相一致.电路瞬态特性良好,上升时间为5～10 ns,3.3V电压下功耗小于2 mW,各指标满足设计要求.     

Analysis of the feedback envelope tracking linear class E power amplifier

Feedback envelope tracking amplifier is one technology to realize linear amplification for nonlinear class E power amplifier. In this paper, the basic architecture and frequency response of the feedback envelope tracking amplifier are analyzed in detail. And the analysis shows that the feedback envelope tracking loop can be implemented to satisfy the system’s specifications of linearity and stability, if the bandwidth and the other design parameters are properly selected. The limited bandwidth and different time delay between the envelope path and the phase path can cause intermodulation distortions which deteriorate the linearity of the feedback envelope tracking amplifier, the model for the intermodulation distortions of the feedback envelope tracking class E power amplifier is analyzed compared to the envelope elimination and restoration transmitter. In order to evaluate the broadband performance of the feedback envelope tracking class E power amplifier, the error vector magnitude (EVM) specification is also analyzed, and the simulation results on EVM for WCDMA signal is given.     

水声扩频信号发射机的研究

设计了大功率水声扩频信号发射机,该发射机具有调制方式多样,效率高,功率大,体积小等特点,并给出了发射机硬件的电路设计和软件控制程序实现过程。本扩频信号发射机采用ARM7 LPC2378作为主控芯片进行编码计算后输出扩频基带信号,采用直接数字式频率合成器(DDS)完成扩频信号的调制输出。根据全桥拓扑功率电路和绝缘栅双极性晶体管(IGBT)功率管的特点,设计了扩频信号发射机的功放输出电路。最后,对该扩频信号发射机的输出功率进行了实验验证,结果表明整机电路设计完全达到设计要求。     

Low-voltage, high-speed CMOS analog latched voltage comparator using the “flipped voltage follower” as input stage

The design and characterization of a low-voltage, high-speed CMOS analog latched voltage comparator based on the flipped voltage follower (FVF) cell and input signal regeneration is presented. The proposed circuit consists of a differential input stage with a common-mode signal detector, followed by a regenerative latch and a Set-Reset (S-R) latch. It is suitable for successive-approximation type’s analog-to-digital converters (ADC), but can also be adapted for use in flash-type ADCs. The circuit was fabricated using 0.18 μm CMOS technology, and its measured performance shows 12-bit resolution at 20 MHz comparison rate and 1 V single supply voltage, with a total power consumption of 63.5 μW.     

一种低功耗高频CMOS峰值检测电路

给出了一个低功耗、高频CMOS峰值检测电路,可以用于检测射频信号和基带信号的峰值.该电路的设计基于中芯国际0.35μm标准CMOS工艺.理论分析和后仿真结果都表明,在工艺偏差以及温度变化条件下,当输入信号幅度在400mV以上时检测的误差小于2%,检测带宽可达10GHz以上,整个检测电路的静态电流消耗低于20μA.     

Robust Voice Activity Detection Based on Concept of Modulation Transfer Function in Noisy Reverberant Environments

Voice activity detection (VAD) is used to detect speech and non-speech periods from observed speech signals. It is an important front-end technique for many speech technology applications. Many VAD methods have been proposed. However most of them have been applied under clean or noisy conditions. Only a few methods have been proposed for reverberant conditions, particularly under noisy reverberant conditions. We therefore need to understand the ill effects of noise and reverberation on speech to design an accurate and robust method of VAD under noisy reverberant conditions. The ill effects of noise and reverberation for speech can be regarded as the modulation transfer function (MTF) under noisy and reverberant conditions. Therefore, our study is based on the MTF concept to reduce the ill effects of noise and reverberation on speech, and propose a robust VAD method that we obtained in this study. Noise reduction and dereverberation were first applied to the temporal power envelope of the speech signal to restore the temporal power envelope with this method. Then, power thresholding as a VAD decision was designed based on the restored temporal power envelope. A method of estimating the signal to noise ratio (SNR) was proposed to accurately estimate the SNR in the noise reduction stage. Experiments under both artificial and realistic noisy reverberant conditions were carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method of VAD and it was compared with conventional VAD methods. The results revealed that the proposed method significantly outperformed the conventional methods under artificial and realistic noisy reverberant conditions.     

基于光电倍增管的低噪声前置放大器的设计及其信号处理

利用低噪声前置运算放大器把光电倍增管的输出信号尽可能无噪声的放大。从运放的选择,多级放大电路的设计要点,放大电路的噪声估算,PCB板布局连线和屏蔽等方面,提出了实用化的带宽达10 MHz的电路设计形式,以及注意事项及其信号调理方法。仿真结果显示了所设计电路的信号放大情况,此电路设计形式可以很好的放大并处理光电倍增管的输出信号。