湍流大气中光波闪烁的斜程问题研究

根据光波斜程传输理论以及随高度变化的ITU－R湍流大气结构常数模型，将水平传输的修正Rytov方法扩展到了斜程传输问题中。在零内尺度湍流谱模型下，得到了平面波入射时从弱起伏湍流区到强起伏湍流区闪烁指数随斜程Rytov方差的变化规律，最后讨论了闪烁指数随天顶角的变化情况。     

中国北方大气湍流中微波传播闪烁问题研究

从分析影响微波段大气折射率结构常数的因素人手,考虑了温度和相对湿度对这一波段大气折射率结构常数的影响,建立了我国北方地区微波段大气折射率结构常数C2n模型,并以此模型为基础分析和推导了K-Ka波段的平面波在湍流大气中水平和斜程传输时的闪烁指数.研究表明:温度和相对湿度对微波段大气折射率结构常数有一定的影响,但湿度影响相对较小;同时在其它条件不变的情况下,和光波段一样,湍流的内尺度、传播高度、路径天顶角对微波段闪烁指数均有一定的影响.     

大气闪烁对无线激光通信效能的影响

由于大气湍流的存在,使激光信号在大气传输中产生振幅的随机起伏,称为大气闪烁。大气闪烁将引起激光通信误码率的增加。由光强起伏大小的统计规律和通信基本原理推导出了弱湍流条件下由光强闪烁引起的误码率计算公式,分别建立了地面水平链路和地-空斜向链路中的大气闪烁误码率模型,对模型进行了仿真,分析了湍流强弱、信号调制方式、链路距离、激光波长及地面发射仰角对闪烁误码率的影响,得到了闪烁误码率的变化规律。结果表明,通过合理选择信号调制方式、激光波长、站址位置及地面发射仰角等方式能够有效地降低大气闪烁误码率,提高通信可靠性。     

大气折射率结构常数Cn^2高度分布统计特性分析

大气折射率结构常数Cn^2是表示大气光学湍流强度的一个重要参数,利用温度脉动探空仪对合肥地区大气折射率结构常数进行了长期连续的实地探空测量,对大量探空实验数据的统计分析得出合肥地区（0-25km）折射率结构常数随高度的分布廓线,并对其进行统计矩和概率分布的分析,研究表明合肥地区大气湍流随高度分布基本符合对数正态分布,昼夜变化量约为0．8个量级,大气折射率结构常数Cn^2的概率分布存在昼夜差异,白天的Cn^2比夜间的Cn^2峰值要大2个数量级。     

太赫兹波在Kolmogorov湍流大气中的水平传输特性研究

太赫兹的大气传输特性对太赫兹的空间应用非常重要.对太赫兹波在Kolmogorov湍流大气中的水平传输特性展开了研究.分析了太赫兹平面波在湍流大气中传输时其闪烁指数、饱和距离等参数随频率、空间传输距离和湍流强弱程度等因素的变化.以高斯波束为例,研究了太赫兹波束在湍流大气中传输时闪烁指数、束宽等参数随传输距离等物理量的演化规律.研究结果表明,在太赫兹波段,频率越高,闪烁指数越大,饱和距离就越小.总体上看,太赫兹波在大气中传输时受大气湍流的影响程度介于光波和微波之间;对于太赫兹大气通信和成像等短程应用,太赫兹波在湍流大气中传输时一般都处于弱起伏状态;但对于太赫兹雷达和遥感等应用,由于传输距离较远,可能会出现强起伏.     

ITU-R修正模式建立大气剖面

无线电波大气折射修正的关键是在于获取实时有效的大气剖面。本文参照ITU—R给出的大气参考模型，提出了修正的大气模式算法。在此基础上，结合国内某站点五年的实测探空剖面数据，统计出适合该地大气环境特性的气象参数，并与ITU—R参考值进行了比较。     

基于WRF模式预报的微波湍流特性研究

大气湍流对对流层内微波的传播具有重要影响,正确认识大气湍流的特性有助于提高电波传播模型预测的准确性和可靠性. 本文利用天气数值预报（weather research and forecasting,WRF）模式预测气象要素,计算微波波段大气折射率结构常数,研究对流层内大气湍流的时空分布特性,并探讨其与温度、相对湿度和修正大气折射率的变化关系. 研究表明:近海面微波湍流强度具有明显的日变化特征;对流层内微波湍流的垂向结构具有较为明显的分层;大气环境出现逆温减湿现象,湍流活动较强. 这些研究成果可为微波在大气环境中传播的准确预测提供理论支持.     

激光大气传输特性的数值模拟

介绍了激光信号通过大气时的湍流谱模型,分析了考虑湍流内尺度条件下激光在大气中传输时的光强闪烁效应和光束展宽效应.探讨了基于修正Rytov方法的光强闪烁理论,主要是考虑湍流内尺度效应的条件下湍流内尺度、传输激光的波长以及大气结构常数对光强闪烁的影响.用MATLAB对其影响进行了数值模拟,并对结果进行了具体分析.结果表明:湍流内尺度对激光大气水平传输过程中的光强闪烁效应具有重要的影响,同时闪烁指数还随着传输激光的波长和大气结构常数等的变化而变化.     

湍流大气对无线光通信影响分析及解决方案

分析了湍流大气光传输特性,讨论了光信号闪烁对宽带光无线通信误码率的影响及解决方案。从湍流大气的经典功率谱模型与修正功率谱模型出发,分析了Rytov指数与光场波长的变化关系,讨论了其对传输光场强度起伏的影响,以及分别在球面波与平面波时的差异。从实验上模拟考察了湍流大气对宽带光通信的影响,提出了一种新的从光链路上矫正波前畸变、减弱信号闪烁进而降低通信系统误码率的技术方案。该方案基于遗传算法和无模型盲优化的方式,以Zernike多项式系数为向量,对波前畸变进行编码,根据畸变波前的Zernike多项式的系数实现波前重构。其特点是没有预先测量波前相位畸变信息,而是采用施特列耳比作为遗传算法的适应度评判标准,通过优化达到最佳的波前畸变补偿效果。分析结果表明,该方案对中等强度以下的湍流大气光传输具有明显改善效果。     

利用双Gamma大气闪烁模型分析激光告警探测概率

针对激光告警系统属于小孔径、远距离弱信号和高探测概率探测的特点,分析和研究了大气湍流造成的激光信号的闪烁影响模型,探讨了大气闪烁效应对激光告警探测概率的影响规律.结合激光告警探测器的信号探测原理和探测器噪声分析,基于Andrews双随机起伏调制理论推导了适用于中、强大气闪烁双Gamma模型的激光信号大气传输和信号探测理论模型.根据仿真计算和结果分析指出,激光告警系统的探测概率不但是与探测器功率信噪比、探测器噪声、环境背景噪声和系统功率阈值等因素密切相关的综合函数,而且大气路径的闪烁效应也对激光告警系统的探测概率有明显影响.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Noise character analysis and the restraint of self-pulsation laser diodes

We calculate the Langevin noise sources of self-pulsation laser diodes, analyze the effects of active region noise and saturable-absorption region noise on the power fluctuation as well as period fluctuation, and propose a novel method to restrain the noise effects. A visible SIMULINK model is established to simulate the system, The results indicate that the effects of noise in absorption region can be ignored; that with the increase of DC injecting current, the noise effects enhance power jitter, and nevertheless, the period jitter is decreased; and that with external sinusoidal current modulating the self-pulsation laser diode, the noise-induced power jitter and period jitter can be suppressed greatly. This work is valuable for clock recovery in all-optical network.     

High-quality single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons and their optical properties

Large-scale synthesis of single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons is achieved by a modified thermal evaporation method, in which two-step-thermal-evaporation is used to control CdSe sources＇ evaporation. The synthesized CdSe nanoribbons are usually several micrometers in width, 50 nm in thickness, and tens to several hundred micrometers in length. Studies have shown that high-quality CdSe nanoribbons with regular shapes can be obtained by this method. Room-temperature photolumines-cence indicates that the lasing emission at 710 nm has been observed under optical pumping （266 nm） at power densities of 25-153 kW/cm^2. The full width half maximum （FWHM） of the lasing mode is 0.67 nm     

Propagation of hermite-cosh-gaussian beams passing through ABCD optical system with an annular aperture

By using the expansion of the aperture function into a finte sum of complex Gaussian functions, the corresponding analytical expressions of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian beams passing through annular apertured paraxially and symmetrically optical systems written in terms of ABCD matrix were derived, and they could reduce to the cases with squared aperture. In a similar way, the corresponding analytical expressions of cosh-Gaussian beams through annular apertured ABCD matrix were also given. The method could save more calculation time than that by using the diffraction integral formula directly.     

Influence of polarization extinction ratio on distributed polarization coupling detection

Distributed polarization coupling in polarization-maintaining fibers can be detected by using a white light Michelson interferometer. This technique usually requires that only one polarization mode is excited. However, in practical measurement, the injection polarization direction could not be exactly aligned to one of the principal axes of the PMF, so the influence of the polarization extinction ratio should be considered. Based on the polarization coupling theory, the influence of the incident polarization extinction on the measurement result is evaluated and analyzed, and a method for distributed polarization coupling detection is developed when both two orthogonal eigenmodes are excited.     

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正Communications—VLSI Researches and industries of telecommunications have been growing rapidly in the last 20 years and will keep their high growing pace in the next decade.The involved researches and developments cover mobile communications,highway and last-mile broadband communication,domain specific communications,and emerging D2D M2M communications.Radio communication steps into its