移动通信微分集系统中MRC技术的性能分析

移动通信中的天线微分集技术能有效地改善由于电波多径传播所造成的衰落的影响。而最大比例合成技术（MRC）是最有效的分集信号的合并技术,能最大限度地提高接收信号的信噪比。本文通过对MRC算法性能的分析、及比较在MRC分集接收系统中分集距离d、系统误码率BER与信噪比SNR之间的关系来得出如何获得最佳的MRC分集合并效果的结论。     

自适应算法在DSSS信号分集接收中的应用

分集接收技术由于能够获得分集增益,可提高多径信号的接收质量,因此在直接序列扩频系统中被广泛采用。常用的信号分集合并方法主要有选择性合并、等增益合并和最大比合并三种,其中最大比合并效果最佳,但需要准确地计算每路信号的信噪比,而采用自适应算法有效解决了准确计算信噪比的问题。因此,提出一种将RLS自适应算法与多径信号分集接收相结合的方法,它首先将接收到的多径信号分离为多路不同延时的信号,然后应用RLS自适应算法根据最小方差准则计算每一路信号的加权系数,通过对加权系数的更新获得最大分集增益,通过对不同的信号合并方式在多径信道下的性能进行仿真比较可知,采用RLS自适应算法的信号合并方式取得的性能最好。     

基于最大似然估计的分集信号中频合成方法

为了降低分集信号合成时输入信号的信噪比要求,提出了一种分集信号的中频合成方法.该方法利用最大似然估计和迭代算法,通过计算输出合成信号和输入分集信号的相关值获得合成权值,在中频实现信号合成.仿真和实验结果表明,该方法放宽了输入信号信噪比要高于解调捕获门限这一要求,能自动实现最大合成增益.     

时变衰落信道中同步时间扩展信号的分集接收技术

扩频通信可以区分多径信号进行RAKE分集接收,是一种有效处理多径效应的手段。与此对应,时间扩展通信也可以在频域上进行类似RAKE的分集接收,有效处理时变衰落带来的影响。时间扩展会带来严重的符号间干扰,同步时间扩展可以有效控制和处理符号间干扰。基于信道分解的分集接收技术保证了同步时间扩展在时变衰落信道下的性能。获得10-4误码率,本文分集算法(扩展长度1024)在时变衰落信道中所需的信噪比与AWGN信道不分集处理所需的信噪比只相差1.4dB。     

RAKE接收机的设计实现

在移动通信中,由于城市建筑物和地形地貌的影响,电波在传播过程中必然会出现不同路径和时延,即移动通信信道是一种多径衰落信道,这使接收信号将会出现起伏和衰落,影响移动通信系统的通信质量。在CDMA系统中,RAKE接收是一种十分有效的抗多径衰落的技术。所谓的RAKE接收技术就是分别对接收的每一径信号进行解调,然后通过一定的规则进行叠加输出,以达到改善接收性能,增强接收效果的目的。在这种接收模式下,多径信号不仅不是一个不利因素,反而在CDMA系统中变成了一个可供利用的有利因素。本文研究了RAKE接收技术理论,并借助MATLAB软件设计和实现了RAKE接收机仿真程序,接着对不同分集重数、不同分集合并方式下RAKE接收机的性能进行仿真分析。通过仿真可以发现仿真结果与理论分析相符,RAKE接收机在采取多径合并后,能更有效的收集信号能量,恢复出原始信号。三种合并方式中,最大比值合并方式对接收信号信噪比的改善效果最好。     

一种新的基于特征向量合并的超宽带系统分集方案

针对超宽带系统在室内环境中面临严重的多径衰落问题,通常在接收端需使用RAKE接收机来收集多径能量改善性能。该文提出了一种新的分集方案,在发送端信号进行预处理,在接收端使用RAKE合并收集多径能量,同时给出了基于信道矩阵特征值估计的最佳合并权重和时延参数估计算法。理论分析和仿真结果都表明,该算法得到的输出信噪比总是大于传统的RAKE接收机输出信噪比。     

低信噪比下短波数传系统Rake接收机设计

在信噪比较低的条件下,短波数据传输系统必须具备抵抗多径衰落的能力。Rake接收技术是抗多径衰落的有效手段之一。这里在直扩-八进制移相键控（DS-8PSK）短波数传系统的基础上,设计了一种改进型Rake接收机,通过在接收端对信号进行相关搜索、多径分离和多径合并,实现了有用信号的分集接收。仿真结果表明,设计的Rake接收机能有效解决短波信道中多径衰落的难题,保证低信噪比条件下短波数据传输的可靠性。     

低莱斯因子信道分集接收技术研究

由于低莱斯因子信道存在着多径传播,在信道上经多径传播后的接收信号是衰减和时延都随时间变化的各路径信号的合成,所以接收信号会发生衰落和产生码间干扰。针对低莱斯因子信道中衰落和码间干扰的影响,提出了带内三重频率分集接收实现方式,给出了采用带内三重频率分集的调制器和解调器的原理框图。最后对调制解调器进行了性能测试,并得到了比较理想的实验结果。     

基于STBC和MRC的多天线分集算法及其性能分析

分集技术是对抗多径衰落的一种有效方法,而空时分组码(SpaceTime Block Code,STBC)和最大比合并算法(Maximum Ratio Combining,MRC)是两种常用的分集技术。提出了一种采用STBC和MRC相结合的算法,在已知信道矩阵H的前提下,计算出两种算法可达到的信噪比,动态选择信噪比较高的方法进行传输,从而提高整个系统的接收信噪比。通过仿真可以得到,当误比特率为10-3时,混合算法的性能比两种独立算法提高了3~4 dB。     

一种基于STBC的SC-FDE系统双天线联合检测算法

针对双发双收的基于空时分组编码的单载波频域均衡(STBC-SC-FDE)系统,研究了一种双天线联合检测算法,通过信道估计、导频干扰消除、加权联合均衡等过程重构发送的信息。并根据信噪比对频域信号与均衡矩阵进行加权处理,使联合检测算法适用于2路接收信号信噪比不同的情况。仿真结果表明,所提出的双天线联合检测算法在SUI-3信道下最大可获得约8dB的接收分集增益。与时域最大比合并(MRC)算法相比,由于采用联合检测,该算法能有效改善系统在多径衰落信道下的误码率。     

Pre-Coding for MIMO Systems in Frequency-Selective Fading Channels

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems showed good utilization of channel characteristics. In MIMO systems multiple signals are transmitted using multiple antenna system. This provides each receiver the combined signals and hence, array processing techniques helps in reducing the effects of interference among them. In this paper we devise the use of pre-coded MIMO system to reduce the effects of frequency selectivity and hence, enhance the systems capacity and/or reduce the bit error rate. In this technique we introduce a temporal pre-coder on each antenna signal; this creates a deterministic multi-path signals similar to signals received when the channel is multi-path fading channel. The same antenna signal will arrive at each receiver forming orthogonal sub-space and the receiver will be simple add and delay of the received signals. Ant colony optimization is used in this paper to select the best pre-code. Results showed that we can diagonalize the channel matrix and practically eliminate the interference for frequency selective fading channel. Simulation of two transmitting two receiving antennas pre-coded MIMO system showed that the capacity can be doubled.     

Optimum combining in digital mobile radio with cochannel interference

This paper studies optimum signal combining for space diversity reception in cellular mobile radio systems. With optimum combining, the signals received by the antennas are weighted and combined to maximize the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. Thus, with cochannel interference, space diversity is used not only to combat Rayleigh fading of the desired signal (as with maximal ratio combining) but also to reduce the power of interfering signals at the receiver. We use analytical and computer simulation techniques to determine the performance of optimum combining when the received desired and interfering signals are subject to Rayleigh fading. Results show that optimum combining is significantly better than maximal ratio combining even when the number of interferers is greater than the number of antennas. Results for typical cellular mobile radio systems show that optimum combining increases the output signal-to-interference ratio at the receiver by several decibels. Thus, systems can require fewer base station antennas and/or achieve increased channel capacity through greater frequency reuse. We also describe techniques for implementing optimum combining with least mean square (LMS) adaptive arrays.     

Optimum Combining in Digital Mobile Radio with Cochannel Interference

This paper studies optimum signal combining for space diversity reception in cellular mobile radio systems. With optimum combining, the signals received by the antennas are weighted and combined to maximize the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. Thus, with cochannel interference, space diversity is used not only to combat Rayleigh fading of the desired signal (as with maximal ratio combining) but also to reduce the power of interfering signals at the receiver. We use analytical and computer simulation techniques to determine the performance of optimum combining when the received desired and interfering signals are subject to Rayleigh fading. Results show that optimum combining is significantly better than maximal ratio combining even when the number of interferers is greater than the number of antennas. Results for typical cellular mobile radio systems show that optimum combining increases the output signalto-interference ratio at the receiver by several decibels. Thus, systems can require fewer base station antennas and/or achieve increased channel capacity through greater frequency reuse. We also describe techniques for implementing optimum combining with least mean square (LMS) adaptive arrays.     

Comparative performance of multi-antenna decode and forward relay network

Cooperative relaying is an effective technique to combat multi-path fading, improves system capacity and enhances the coverage. In this paper, three different types of operations of infrastructure-based multi-antenna cooperative relay network have been investigated. Closed form expressions of outage probability and average error rate for each type of operation have been derived, when the relay and destination perform maximum ratio combining (MRC) of signals. The effect of antennas installed on relay and its placement has also been studied in this work.     

MRC分集接收的MQAM在Nakagami信道上的性能分析

Nakagami信道是一种适应性较强的信道模型，MQAM(M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation)是一种频谱利用率较高的调制方式。在存在多径影响的无线通信环境中，最大比合并(maximum ratio combining)方式的分集接收是克服衰落的有效方法。本文利用适用范围更广的Nakagami信道模型，在多径衰落的情况下对最大比合并分集接收的MQAM系统误符号率性能作了分析。仿真结果对分析实际信道下具体系统的性能具有一定的参考价值。     

Maritime cognitive radio spectrum sensing based on multi-antenna cyclostationary feature detection

ABSTRACT

With the development of the maritime transportation industry, the number of ships is increasing and the ships are becoming more intelligent. Due to the rapid development of maritime communication, the demand for communication spectrum is increasing. Therefore, the maritime cognitive radio (CR) system is an effective solution. Because of the multipath fading caused by sea surface and atmosphere has a more serious influence on communication signals, which increases the instability of the signal reception, the spectrum sensing technology in maritime cognitive radio is more challenging than the spectrum sensing on land. In order to solve this problem, a cyclostationary detection algorithm for multiple antennas in fading model is proposed. A maximum ratio combining algorithm based on optimal weight correlation value (OWCV-MRC) is proposed for the diversity gain and system performance degradation caused by diversity technology on multipath fading channels. The algorithm uses the correlation values of the attenuation gains on the two different branches as the weighting coefficients of each branch, thus improving the coefficient matrix in the maximum ratio combining (MRC) algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively detect the target signal in the fading channel with ultra-low signal to noise ratio (SNR).     

分布式多通道信号同步与分集合并算法

分集接收技术主要用于解决无线传输过程中的信号衰落,无线接收时的邻频干扰、同频干扰等问题,能够有效改善接收信号的质量。针对分布式平台上多通道接收信号同步与分集合并算法进行研究,提出一种适用于不同调制类型的多通道信号合并前同频同相调整方法,并对合并前各通道信号进行信噪比估计,以确定最大比合并时的权重。经理论分析可知,N通道信号最多可获得10lgN dB的合并增益。仿真验证结果与理论分析一致,证明了算法的有效性和可行性。     

Performance of partially coherent selection combining receiver in α-μ fading channel

In this paper the impact of the imperfect reference signal extraction is investigated, the bit error rate (BER) performance of multibranch selection combining (SC) receiver for binary and quaternary phase-shift keying (BPSK and QPSK) signals in a generalized α-μ fading channel are shown. The combined effects of imperfect phase estimation of the received signal, diversity order, fading severity and average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per bit on BER values are examined. The analytical results are verified by Monte Carlo simulations.     

多媒体传感网中的频率同步研究

文中针对基于OFDM传输体制的多媒体传感网节点，提出了一种新的频偏估计算法。在频域，可以方便去除虚拟子载波上噪声的影响，提高性能，同时根据每个子载波的解调信噪比对各个子载波的估计结果，进行最大比加权平均，可以有效的克服频率选择性衰落的影响．采用信道的统计信息，本文提出了一种低复杂度，可实现的方法。算法的仿真结果表明本文提出的算法能有效的克服多径的影响，并且在性能上比时域估计和等增益平均的方法有较大的改进。     

采用分集接收的MQAM在Rician信道上的性能分析

 M-QAM是一种频谱利用率较高的调制方式,但是在多径环境下其性能的恶化限制了它在无线通信中的应用.本文结合Rician衰落特性,提出了采用最大比合并和选择式合并以有效改善M-QAM系统性能的方法.这种方法在实际中有着广泛的应用前景.