单级与双级Boost变换器微能量收集电路的对比研究

随着物联网技术和无线传感技术的快速发展,低功耗设备的自供能技术得到了广泛研究和关注。针对传统微能量收集系统存在的电路结构复杂、效率低、电压传输比受限等问题,提出了双级Boost变换器微能量存储方案,并与传统单级Boost升压方案进行了对比分析。通过Matlab仿真进行理论验证,结果表明,双级Boost变换器微能量收集方式极大地提高了同等电压高变比传输下的效率,使设备的组网供能更易于实现,为低电压微能量收集系统的设计提供了一种新方案。     

基于射频供能的无线传感网络数据收集系统设计

随着现代信息技术、嵌入式系统以及植入式电子设备的发展,小型化、低功耗的无线传感网络已融入人们的日常生活影响着方方面面.传统的能量供电方式,生命周期有限更换需要耗费大量的人力财力,维护成本高.针对这一情况,设计了一款基于射频供能的无线传感网络数据传输系统.通过构建相应的天线模块、整流模块以及能量管理模块对环境中的射频电磁...     

三轴电磁式振动能量采集器设计与验证

针对传统化学电池需定期更换并进行周期性充电、在户外环境无法长期稳定供电的问题,设计了一种悬浮式电磁振动能量采集器。基于电磁感应原理对能量采集器进行了理论分析,制作了三轴电磁式振动能量采集器,分别在X、Y、Z三个方向布置振动能量采集器单体,设计了能量转换电路,将收集到的电能转变为3.3 V直流电。开展了台架测试和应用场景测试,结果表明,振动能量采集器单体在振动幅度为10 mm、振动频率为9 Hz时输出性能最高,最大输出功率为43.11 mW。探究了振动能量采集器单体在不同振动幅度和振动频率下的直流输出性能,在振动幅度大于10 mm、振动频率为4～8 Hz时可为LIS3DH加速度传感器稳定供电。通过沿X、Y、Z轴布置的振动能量采集器单体阵列,使振动能量采集器具备全方向收集振动能量的能力,大大提高了收集振动能量的效率与适应性。该采集器可应用于诸如机器振动、波浪、人体运动等多种场景的振动能量收集,实现为无线传感网络节点等低功耗用电器供能,具有一定应用价值,可为研究低功耗电子元器件的自供电技术提供参考。     

一种基于缝隙结构的小型双频段射频能量接收天线

随着超低功耗芯片技术的发展,无线传感器节点的功耗已进入微瓦（μW）级范围,使低功耗传感器利用周围环境中的射频无线能量为自身供电成为可能。提出了一种用于无线传感器节点的小型射频能量接收天线。该天线采用微带缝隙结构,基于缝隙天线设计理论,应用全波电磁场工具对其进行了设计及仿真优化,并获得了该结构谐振点随尺寸变化的一般规律。在常用FR4材料的小尺寸双面PCB板上,通过开槽加载和微带线馈电方法使天线可以同时工作在GSM和ISM两个频段。在1．9GHz和2．4CHz频率点上,天线的回波损耗分别为-39．4dB和-20．8dB,最大增益分别达到1．4dBi和2．9dBi,测试与仿真结果基本吻合。该天线含地平面在内的尺寸为5cm×5cm,实现成本低,可同时接收两个频段的射频能量,有效地扩展了频率适应范围,提高了能量接收效率。     

无线射频能量收集与存储系统设计

对空间中广泛覆盖的各类无线射频信号进行能量收集与存储利用,可为各类负载终端提供电力支持。因此,如何对无线射频能量进行有效收集及存储再利用成为一个研究热点问题。针对上述问题,文章设计实现了一套无线射频能量收集与存储系统,利用倍压检波电路将无线射频能量转换成可供负载使用的直流电,基于电源管理芯片BQ25504设计并实现了能量存储与管理电路。实验结果表明,本设计将倍压检波电路与能量管理电路相结合,可以为物联网低功耗设备进行持续稳定的供电,从而减少对传统电池的依赖,具有广泛的应用前景。     

智能手机和可穿戴设备能量收集技术

随着智能手机和可穿戴设备的普及,有限的电池容量限制了它们的进一步发展。降低功耗以"节流"不能从根本上解决问题,应从开源的角度来考虑。能量收集技术从外界环境或者人体收集能量为电池充电,为此问题提供了可行的解决方案。主要分析了能量收集系统中能量来源、调压电路、存储模块和最大功率点追踪算法几个方面的技术,指出提高转换效率是未来能量收集技术的主要发展方向。     

射频微系统冷却技术综述

雷达、电子战等射频电子装备向高集成度和大功率方向发展,有力牵引了射频微系统技术的进步,同时给冷却设计带来三大挑战:高面热流度、热堆叠和高体热流密度。冷却技术成为制约射频微系统应用的关键瓶颈之一。文中综述了国内外当前射频微系统冷却技术的发展现状,传统的远程散热架构因界面多与传热路径远已难以为继,高集成度的近结冷却技术显著提升芯片散热能力;以有源相控阵雷达为例,提出了射频微系统冷却的三代技术路线,指出了射频微系统热设计的主要发展方向。     

成都锐成芯微科技有限责任公司 公司简介

正成都锐成芯微科技有限责任公司是一家专业的模拟IP和应用方案供应商。2011年,创立于"天府之城,财富之都"的四川成都。公司以前瞻的市场眼光、深厚的设计积累、创新的技术研发、和硅谷专业的技术团队合作,飞速发展。公司以超低功耗设计、eFlash工艺平台模拟方案、射频电路和传感器电子为主要发展方向,并提供模拟IP和一站式的设计服务,同时提供定制以及设计咨询服务。锐成芯微与晶圆厂紧密合作,在eFlash工艺基础上,成功开发了多个产品线的模拟平台,包括     

一种用于电磁能量收集的可扩展宽频超表面能量收集器

设计了一种用于X波段和Ku波段电磁能量收集的可扩展宽频超表面能量收集器,其由周期性结构单元、整流器和负载组成。通过结构单元相互连接构建能量传输通道,实现入射能量的传输和聚集,进而增强了超表面能量收集器捕获能量的能力。通过超表面阵列和整流器的共面集成设计,减少了能量传输中的功率损耗,并简化了结构。仿真结果表明,该超表面能量收集器在6.5～19 GHz频带下具有良好的吸收,在12.75 GHz谐振频率下具有98%的半功率带宽。对制备的10×9的超表面有限阵列进行测试,结果表明,在可用输入功率为16 dBm时,超表面能量收集器的射频-直流转换效率最高可达56.2%。设计的超表面能量收集器具有宽带吸收、阵列数量可扩展的特点,能够在不同环境下高效地收集电磁能量。     

多方向压电振动能量收集技术研究与进展

煤矿井下综采设备工作时会产生较大振动,利用压电振动能量收集系统实现煤矿综采设备无线监测节点自供电,有望解决传统化学电池使用寿命有限,更换困难,污染环境等问题。传统线性能量收集装置的谐振频率难以满足外界振动复杂多变的要求,导致俘能效率低下。如何提高压电振动系统俘能效率是一个亟待解决的问题。多方向是提高复杂振动环境压电俘能效率的有效途径。该文从击打式和悬臂梁式两种能量转换方式总结分析国内外学者在多方向振动能量收集方面的研究,从阵列式、自调谐、非线性、频率泵浦、弹性放大器等方面分析多方向振动能量收集系统的效率提升技术;最后,从采用新型压电材料提升俘能效率、考虑非线性和多场耦合动力学优化俘能结构、工程应用研究等方面对多方向压电能量收集技术进行了展望。     

Statistical analysis on ambient RF energy harvesting for low‐power wireless applications

Renewable energy sources from the earth constitute another option apart from the available ones for wellspring of energy for economizing on cost of power supply. The energy obtained from ambient sources is called energy harvesting. Energy‐harvesting low‐power systems have acquired a remarkable consideration as a viable hotspot for expanding both energy efficiency and spectral efficiency. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting from ambient source is a promising technique for fulfilling the irreplaceable power prerequisites for powering the low‐power devices. Hence, it requires the development of an antenna for harvesting RF energy. In this paper, a coplanar waveguide (CPW) antenna has been designed and fabricated using FR4 lossy substrate. This CPW antenna covers frequency bands from the most important RF patrons (GSM 900, GSM 1800, 3G, and Wi‐Fi) within the frequency range from (0.58 to 3 GHz) with a percentage fractional bandwidth of 116% with the center frequency of 1.65 GHz. The fabricated antenna then has been experimentally validated at SSN College of Engineering campus. The effects on the RF power density level for CPW antenna are examined by statistical approach known as Taguchi method. The L9 and L8 orthogonal arrays and analysis of variance are implemented to analyze the execution qualities. The CPW antenna control factors are distance, time, and number of receivers. Then, statistical test (P) are used to determine the significant factors on RF power density.     

All‐Printed Porous Carbon Film for Electricity Generation from Evaporation‐Driven Water Flow

Converting environmental “waste energies” into electricity via a natural process is an ideal strategy for environmental energy harvesting and supplying power for distributed energy‐consuming devices. This paper reports that evaporation‐driven water flow within an all‐printed porous carbon film can reliably generate sustainable voltage up to 1 V with a power density of ≈8.1 µW cm^?3 under ambient conditions. The output performance of the device can be easily scaled up and used to power low‐power consumption electronic devices or for energy storage. Furthermore, the device is successfully used without electric storage as a direct power source for electrodeposition of silver microstructures. Because of the ubiquity of water evaporation in nature and the low cost of materials involved, the study presents a novel avenue to harvest ambient energy and has potential applications in low‐cost, green, self‐powered devices and systems.     

Ambient RF energy harvesting system: a review on integrated circuit design

This paper presents a comprehensive review of ambient RF energy harvester circuitry working on integrated circuits. The review covers 3 main blocks in an RF energy harvesting system implemented on chip. The blocks are the rectifier, impedance matching circuit and power management unit. The review of each block includes its operational principle, reported state-of-the-art circuit enhancement techniques, and design trade-offs. We compare the circuits in each block with respect to the techniques adopted to improve the performances for RF energy harvesting. To identify the benefits and limitations associated with the architecture we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the circuit topologies in each block of an ambient RF energy harvester.     

Efficient Maximum Power Tracking of Energy Harvesting Using a μController for Power Savings

This letter describes an efficient technique for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of an energy harvesting device. It is based on controlling the device voltage at the point of maximum power. Using a microcontroller with a power saving technique, the MPPT algorithm maintains the maximum power with low power consumption. An experiment shows that the algorithm maximizes the energy transfer power using an energy management IC fabricated in a 0.18‐μm process. Compared to direct energy transfer to a battery, the proposed technique is more efficient for low‐energy harvesting under variable conditions.     

Modeling and design of 3-D MPPT for ultra low power RF energy harvesters

Radio-Frequency (RF) energy harvesting must cope with the limited availability and high variability of the energy source. In this paper, the modeling of an RF harvester for ultra low power environments is presented. A mathematical model based on theoretical analysis is developed. The model demonstrates that the maximum transferred power point is located in a three-dimensional space defined by the input capacitance, the output voltage, and the load resistance of the rectifier circuit. Moreover, the mathematical model returns results in substantial agreement with the SPICE simulation results, while guaranteeing a remarkable reduction of the required computation time. Furthermore, the paper reports the implementation of a mixed signal system for the 3-D MPPT, to be embedded in an RF harvester, in a 65 nm CMOS technology. The circuit exhibits a simulated power consumption lower than 100 nW, making this solution suitable for ultra low power harvesting.     

A battery-less BLE smart sensor for room occupancy tracking supplied by 2.45-GHz wireless power transfer

Wireless power transfer (WPT) has emerged as a solution for supplying smart sensors for long-term battery-less deployment. Because the amount of power harvested by the smart sensor is limited due to WPT path loss, the optimization objective is twofold: achieving ultra-low-power operation for the sensing task and improving the harvesting efficiency even at low incident power. In this paper, we focus on the use case of a Bluetooth LE-connected motion detection system supplied by 2.45-GHz RF power. The full system (RF energy harvester, power management, sensor transducer and interface, control, data processing and wireless transmission) is implemented using low-power off-the-shelf components. In the sensing sub-system, ultra-low-power operation is achieved by the duty-cycling of the sensor interface and by an event-driven scheme for communication. In the harvesting sub-system, the design of the matching network and rectifier, combined with maximum power point tracking (MPPT), is optimized for increasing the power harvesting efficiency (PHE) at low incident power. Measurements show a total reduction in the power consumption for the sensing sub-system by a factor 20. When using custom WPT waveform with high peak-to-average power ratio, the RF energy harvester is functional with an incident RF power starting from −20 dBm. The smart sensor is able to perform its motion-detection task with an incident power as low as −17.3 dBm.     

基于PN与OFDM技术的射频隐身雷达信号设计

飞机必须具有良好的射频隐身性能,以降低无源探测系统对飞机的探测距离及识别效果,从而使飞机及其机载雷达等电子设备减少被截获、被干扰甚至被摧毁的可能性。提出了机载雷达射频隐身信号的设计原Ⅻ,根据此原则设计和研究了基于伪随机码调制与正交频分复用技术的雷达信号。所设计的雷达信号具有较低的峰均功率比,通过基于数字信道化接收机无源探测系统的仿真实验,验证了该雷达信号相对常用的线性调频雷达信号具有更好的射频隐身性能。     

Design Technologies for Silicon-Based High-Efficiency RF Power Amplifiers： A Brief Overview

This paper presents a brief overview of several promising design technologies for high efficiency silicon-based radio frequency （RF） power amplifiers （PAs） as well as the use of these technologies in mobile broadband wireless communications. Four important aspects of PA design are addressed in this paper. First, we look at class-E PA design equations and provide an example of a class-E PA that achieves efficiency of 65-70% at 2.4 GHz. Then, we discuss state-of-the-art envelope tracking （ET） design for monolithic wideband RF mobile transmitter applications. A brief overview of Doherty PA design for the next-generation wireless handset applications is then given. Towards the end of the paper, we discuss an inherently broadband and highly efficient class-J PA design targeting future multi-band multi-standard wireless communication protocols.     

医疗内窥检查超低功耗电感复用射频前端芯片设计

本文阐述了一种应用于医疗探测的工作在407～425MHz频段的电感复用射频前端芯片。本射频前端芯片由超低功耗电流复用LNA、Mixer和高发射效率PA构成。本文提出了一种新型的电感复用射频前端结构,通过接收机和发射机输入输出共用电感,不仅有效避免了双工器的使用降低了芯片成本,而且节省了片外元件的数量,满足了高集成度的应用要求。该射频前端芯片在0.18μm标准CMOS工艺下进行了流片,芯片面积0.43mm2。作为接收机和发射机使用时,射频前端功耗分别为0.45mA和1.53mA,是一款超低功耗、高集成度的射频前端芯片。