基于线性光谱混合模型的光谱解混改进模型

传统的基于线性光谱混合模型(LSMM)的解混方法采用迭代求解方式,复杂度较高,为此提出一种基于几何方式的模型求解方法。另一方面,LSMM采用固定谱形固定数量的光谱端元进行解混,影响了光谱解混精度,为此提出端元谱形的区域修正方法和端元子集的局域确定方法,从而建立基于柔性端元的新解混方式。实验表明了所提出的几何求解方法及柔性光谱端元方式的有效性。     

基于几何估计的光谱解混方法

光谱解混是高光谱数据分析的重要技术之一.全约束(即非负性约束和归一化约束)最小二乘线性光谱混合模型(FCLS-LSMM)具有模型简单和物理意义明确等优点而得以广泛使用.然而,FCLS-LSMM的传统优化求解方法的迭代过程非常复杂.近年提出的几何方法为降低LSMM的求解复杂度提供了新思路,但是所获得的结果并非真正意义上的全约束最小二乘解.为此,建立了一种完全符合FCLS要求的LSMM几何求解方法,具有复杂度低和可以获得理论最优解等优点.实验表明了所提出方法的有效性.     

基于几何估计的光谱解混方法

光谱解混是高光谱数据分析的重要技术之一。全约束(即非负性约束和归一化约束)最小二乘线性光谱混合模型(FCLS-LSMM)具有模型简单和物理意义明确等优点而得以广泛使用。然而,FCLS-LSMM的传统优化求解方法的迭代过程非常复杂。近年提出的几何方法为降低LSMM的求解复杂度提供了新思路,但是所获得的结果并非真正意义上的全约束最小二乘解。为此,建立一种完全符合FCLS要求的LSMM几何求解方法,具有复杂度低和可以获得理论最优解等优点。实验表明了所提出方法的有效性。     

DSC的超光谱图像无损压缩算法

有效的星载超光谱图像压缩技术对于解决超光谱图像实时传输极为重要。针对超光谱图像传统的联合编解码算法的不足,提出了一种基于分布式信源编码(Distributed Source Coding,DSC)的超光谱图像无损压缩算法。为利用超光谱图像的局部空间相关性,将超光谱图像进行分块处理;引入多元线性回归模型构建编码块的边信息,并为每个编码块选取最优的预测阶数,以有效利用超光谱图像的局部谱间相关性。根据(n,k)线性分组码的原理,通过多元陪集码实现超光谱图像的分布式无损压缩。实验结果表明:该算法能够取得较好的无损压缩性能,同时具有较低的编码复杂度,适合星载超光谱图像的压缩实现。     

基于光谱融合的油漆分类方法比较

为了实现对油漆物证的快速、无损以及准确分类,实验收集了犯罪现场常见的5个油漆品牌共计50个油漆样本的红外原始光谱数据和导数光谱数据,结合光谱融合技术,建立了基于KNN、SVM以及逐步判别分析的油漆分类模型.实验结果表明:3种分类模型对于融合光谱的识别率要高于单一光谱;KNN以及SVM分类模型对于其中的3种油漆样本识别率高,但对其余2种样本的分类效果并不好,而逐步判别分析模型对5种油漆样本的各种光谱数据识别率均高于KNN和SVM模型,其中采用逐步判别分析中的Smallest F ratio判别模型对一阶导数光谱和三阶导数光谱融合数据的训练集和测试集实现了完全识别.本文方法的检验效率高,定性能力强,满足公安机关对于相关物证的快速检验要求,为刑事技术人员快速识别油漆物证提供了一种有效的手段.     

基于线性光谱混合模型的地表温度像元分解方法

以北京市Landsat TM为数据源,提出了一种新的地表温度光谱分解模型(Temperature Unmixing with Spectral,TUS),以期将地表温度的空间分辨率提高到30 m.首先,基于线性光谱混合模型获得地表组分的丰度值.然后,基于温度/植被指数选取典型端元的地表温度.最后,综合地表组分的比辐射率数据实现地表温度的分解.结果表明,TUS模型能够有效地提高地表温度的空间分辨率,反映不同地表组分地表温度的空间差异性,平均绝对误差(MAE)和均方根误差(RMSE)分别为1.25 K和2.27 K,非常适合于复杂地表覆盖地区的地表温度降尺度处理.     

高光谱图像分类的全面加权方法研究

像元分类是高光谱数据分析的最基本、最重要内容之一,而基于支持向量机(SVM)的分类方法以其高效性得以广泛使用.原始的SVM分类模型中并没有体现出样本、特征、类别对于分类或分析的不同重要性,从而影响了处理效果.为此,将各样本偏离其类中心的距离映射为样本加权系数;将类内散度矩阵应用于特征加权方法;将SVM方程系统中的单位矩阵对角元素加以调整来完成类别加权.不同加权方法既可以单独使用也可以联合使用.实验表明,所提出的加权方法有助于进一步提高高光谱图像的分类效果.     

广东省主要人工林树种光谱分类

为了探索不同树种叶片光谱区分的最佳特征波段以及不同树种光谱分类的 性能,利用地物光谱仪对广东省10个主要人工林树种的叶片光谱数进行了采集。采用遗 传算法(Genetic Algorithm, GA)和连续投影变换算法(Successive Projections Algorithm, SPA) 进行了高光谱数据降维处理,然后结合支持向量机(Support Vector Machine, SVM)和随机森林(Random Forest, RF) 两种方法进行了树种分类。研究发现,通过两种变量选择方式筛选的用于树种分类的光谱范围 主要位于近红外波段。其中,经GA算法筛选的变量建模和预测精度与基于全波段光谱数据的分类精 度较为接近,且比经SPA算法变量筛选的分类结果好。通过比较可知,RF算法所建模型的性能比SVM算 法更稳定,且GA-RF算法在几种分类处理中的性能最好。结果表明,GA-RF算法 可用于基于光谱数据的树种分类研究。     

一种改进的小波基线校正方法的研究

通过对小波变换基线校正中最佳分解尺度方法的研究,提出了一种新的基于小波变换的最佳分解尺度确定方法,不但有效地提高了基线校正效果,而且具有简单、快速的优点.将该方法应用于血糖光谱数据预处理中进行基线校正,取得了较好的效果.通过人体口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)得到人体无创检测近红外光谱和对应血糖浓度值,然后采用该方法对上述光谱进行基线校正并建立多元回归模型,采用交互验证的方式对模型及基线校正的效果进行了评价.实验结果表明,血糖浓度预测值和参考值间的相关系数为0.75,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为1.36 mmol/L,与原始光谱预测结果和其他小波分解尺度下的预测结果相比,RMSEP降低了将近39%,相关系数提高了0.64,预测精度得到较大幅度提高.     

多尺度超像素纹理特征保持与融合的高光谱图像分类

高光谱图像的低空间分辨率特性往往导致全局纹理提取技术难以获取地物要素的精准纹理信息,同时,单一尺度的局部纹理提取技术难以达到有效识别地物的目的。基于此,该文设计了一种多尺度超像素纹理保持与融合(MSuTPF)的高光谱图像分类方法,主要架构如下:首先,利用2D Gabor滤波器对高光谱图像进行多方向与尺度的全局纹理提取,并通过融合各尺度的纹理特征,增强纹理结构表征能力;其次,融合纹理与光谱主成分特征以形成光谱-纹理联合判别特征;再次,采用形状自适应的超分割方法,作用至光谱-纹理联合特征进行局部纹理信息保持与融合,尤其是,为克服超像素邻域像元的隐性不相关问题,该文定义了基于密度最近邻相似性评价准则,使超像素纹理进一步趋于一致性;最后,将各更新的光谱-纹理联合特征输入像素级分类器获取其对应的类标签,并采用多数表决的决策融合机制取得最终分类结果。Indian Pines和Pavia University真实数据集的实验表明,该方法在小样本条件下的分类精度优于基准分类器(SVM)、深度学习方法(GFDN)以及最新的空-谱分类方法(S3-PCA)等8个对比方法,充分证明了该文所提方法的实用性和有效性。     

Technology innovation and process integrations for sub-100nm gate patterning

This paper presents a brief overview of the Applied Centura(R)DPS(R)system,configured with silicon etch DPS Ⅱ chamber, with emphasis on discussing tuning capability for CD uniformity control. It also presents the studies of etch process chemistry and film integration impact for an overall successful gate patterning development. Discussions will focus on resolutions to key issues, such as CD uniformity, line-edge roughness, and multilayer film etching integration.     

White organic light-emitting devices based on fac tris（2- phenylpyridine） iridium sensitized 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnap -hthacene

We have fabricated the white organic light-emitting devices （WOLEDs） based on 4,4＇ -bis（2,2 -diphenyl vinyl）-1,1＇ - biphenyl （DPVBi） and phosphorescence sensitized 5,6,11,12,-tetraphenylnaphthacene （rubrene）. The device structure is ITO/2T-NATA （20 nm）/NPBX （20 nm）/CBP： x%Ir（ppy）3：0.5% rubrene （8 nm）/NPBX （5 nm）/DPVBi （30 nm）/Alq（30 nm）/LiF（0.5 nm）/A1. In the devices, DPVBi acts as a blue light-emitting layer, the rubrene is sensitized by a phosphorescent material, fac tris （2-phenylpyridine） iridium [Ir（ppy）3], acts as a yellow light-emitting layer, and N,N＇ -bis- （1-naphthyl）- N,N＇ -diphenyl -1, 1＇ -biphenyl-4,4＇ -diamine （NPBX） acts as a hole transporting and exciton blocker layer, respectively. When the concentration of Ir （PPY）3 is 6wt%, the maximum luminance is 24960 cd/m^2 at an applied voltage of 15 V, and the maximum luminous efficiency is 5.17 cd/A at an applied voltage of 8 V.     

Complete approach to automatic identification and subpixel center location for ellipse feature

To meet the need of automatic image features extraction with high precision in visual inspection, a complete approach to automatic identification and sub-pixel center location for similar-ellipse feature is proposed. In the method, the feature area is identified automatically based on the edge attribute, and the sub-pixel center location is accomplished with the leastsquare algorithm. It shows that the method is valid, practical, and has high precision by experiment. Meanwhile this method can meet the need of instrumentation of visual inspection because of easy realization and without man-machine interaction.     

小角度扩展相关性近似算法分析

本论文提出一种在多天线MIMO信道相关性建模中小角度扩展近似理论算法,并应用于分析MIMO系统性能。分析中分别对三种不同角能量分布情况下的空间相关性研发快速近似计算法,并同时提出双模(Bi-Modal)角能量分布情况下的近似运算。通过分析这些新方法的近似效率,可以得到计算简单、复杂度低、而且符合实际的MIMO相关信道矩阵,对系统级的快速高效计算法的研究和系统级的评估以及误差分析具有重要的意义。     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

A Versatile Mixed-Signal Pin Approach for Cost-Effective Test of Automotive ICs

Integrated circuits (ICs) intended for increasingly sophisticated automotive applications bring unique test demands. Advanced ICs for applications such as highly integrated automatic braking system (ABS) and airbag controllers combine high voltage digital channels, significant VI demands and precise timing capability. Along with continued missioncritical reliability concerns, the trend toward higher voltage operation and increased device integration requires specialized test capabilities able to extend across the wide operating ranges found in automotive applications. Among these capabilities, automotive test requirements increasingly dictate a need for a cost-effective versatile mixed-signal pin electronics with very high data rates reaching up to 50MHz with a voltage swing of-2 V to +28 V.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

Optical vibration and deviation measurement of rotating machine parts

It is of interest to get appropriate information about the dynamic behaviour of rotating machinery parts in service. This paper presents an approach of optical vibration and deviation measurement of such parts. Essential of this method is an image derotator combined with a high speed camera or a laser doppler vibrometer （LDV）.