光子晶体波导与微腔耦合的三通道波分复用器

为了实现对光波有效的选择输出,并且使光波的带宽很小,设计了微腔耦合的三通道波分复用器。对该器件采用时域有限差分法和微腔与波导间耦合模进行研究。首先,根据微腔选择不同频率的光波,设计光子晶体滤波器模型。然后,基于光子晶体耦合模理论,由定向耦合波导和一个高品质因子微腔构成的波分复用器。最后,为了提高输出光的透射效率,在波分复用结构的主波导的输出端,增加五个介质柱,形成一个反射层。实验结果表明:此结构能够通过微腔选择不同频率的光波,经过优化设计后的波分复用模型,光波的透射率得到了提高,波长λ=1.763μm的光波达到透射率将近90%。在光子晶体中取多个微腔可以选择输出更多波长的光波,所以这种结构在光子晶体集成器件的制作上有很好的应用前景。     

2维组合宽带隙光子晶体的研究

为了研究由两种不同的介质柱组合成的2维光子晶体的传输特性,对包层介质柱/基质光子晶体与空气柱/基质光子晶体组合的三角晶格光子晶体进行研究,采用时域有限差分法,对其进行模拟计算,得到多种情况下光子晶体的透射系数与入射光频率的关系曲线.结果表明,在这种组合结构的光子晶体中,可以得到从低频到高频的组合宽带隙,从而达到在更宽范围内控制电磁波传播的目的;包层介质柱外半径的变化对带隙的宽度影响较大;包层介质柱的内半径的大小、内柱和中间夹层的介电常数对带隙宽度没有影响,但是对带隙内的缺陷模有明显的影响.由此可以根据实际需要,通过调节此种光子晶体的结构参量制作极窄带通的滤波器和光开关等.     

Investigation of response time of small footprint photonic crystal AND logic gate

In this paper, the response time of all-optical AND logic gate using the triangular photonic crystal lattice is investigated. The proposed logic gate consists of a photonic crystal nano-resonator formed by changing the size of the dielectric rods. The structure benefits the interference effect mechanism. The contrast ratio of the photonic crystal AND logic gate is obtained as 6 dB. In addition to simplicity, the designed nano-resonator increases the bit rate of logic gate. The delay time and footprint of logic gate are respectively 0.32 ps and 146 µm2. The proposed photonic crystal AND logic gate can operate at a bit rate of 3.12 Tbit/s     

利用转移矩阵法和频域块迭代法分析点缺陷二维光子晶体

本文介绍了广泛用于分析光子晶体的两种方法；转移矩阵法和频域块迭代法。运用这两种方法，我们研究了一个5行5列在空气中呈正方排列的二维介质柱晶体，改变中心介质柱的半律和介电常数，分别得到各自对应不同的透射和色散关系曲线，对于同一参数结构的光子晶体，不同算法得到的带隙和缺陷态频率是一致的。同时根据透射和色散曲线所体现出来的晶体特性，我们分析了将光子晶体用作激光谐振腔以提高Q值的机理。     

用平面波展开法计算二维方形光子晶体的带隙结构

用平面波展开法计算二维正方晶格光子晶体的带隙结构，对二维光子晶体的电磁波理论及周期介质中的Bloch波解进行了详细的推导，得出TE模和TM模下无缺陷时光子晶体的色散曲线，并设计了低频区域内具有较大带隙宽度的两种二维光子晶体的空间周期结构. 经过大量的计算，发现硅中的空气柱型光子晶体在红外波段TE模和TM模存在重叠的绝对光子带隙，并分别研究了空气中的硅介质柱和硅中的空气柱的TM模带隙宽度随空气柱半径和填充比变化的规律.     

二维正方柱结构光子晶体禁带的研究

利用平面波展开法通过计算机模拟仿真对二维正方排列介质方柱和空气方柱结构以及三角排列介质方柱和空气方柱结构进行了禁带研究。研究发现：这四种二维光子晶体结构都存在完全禁带。介质方柱结构具有较大的TM禁带,而空气方柱结构具有较大的TE禁带。当介质方柱宽度增大时,禁带中心频率均向低频移动,而当空气方柱宽度增加时,禁带中心频率均向高频移动。当增大材料折射率时,禁带中心频率均向低频移动。对于空气方柱结构,应该选取高折射率材料,以提高完全禁带的带隙率。     

3维函数光子晶体的特性研究

为了研究3维函数光子晶体的光子禁带特性,采用平面波展开法计算得到色散曲线,推导了平面波展开法的相关计算公式以及介质球介电常数的函数关系式,探讨了可调参量函数系数I和介质球半径R₁对光子禁带特性的影响。结果表明,3维函数光子晶体呈立方体晶格分布,由介质球填充空气背景;与常规3维介质光子晶体相比,3维函数光子晶体不仅能得到可调谐的光子禁带,而且可以拓展禁带带宽,并增加光子禁带的数量;改变函数系数I的大小可以实现对光子禁带数量、位置和带宽的调谐;改变介质球半径R₁可以对光子禁带带宽实现展宽,并改变光子禁带的位置。该研究对设计新型可调谐器件是有帮助的。     

复合结构光子晶体耦合腔波导慢光特性研究

为了设计能够传输宽带低色散慢光的光子晶体波导,以三角晶格圆形介质柱光子晶体结构为基础,使用圆形散射元和椭圆形散射元进行周期性排列,采用平面波展开法对所设计的耦合腔波导进行了仿真分析。结果表明,调整缺陷行椭圆形散射元长轴R_a可以使导模最大群速度从0.035c降低到0.01c,调节缺陷行短轴R_b的值,可以再次降低导模群速度;通过改变微腔周围第1排两种散射元的面积比,能够得到最大群速度0.0065c,波长范围为3.25nm的低色散慢光;将所设计的耦合腔应用于光缓存中,计算得出缓存时间为76.82ps,存储容量达到了15.56bit。这项研究对新型光子晶体慢光器件的设计和应用具有参考意义。     

Analysis of butt coupling in photonic Crystals

We present a detailed analysis of butt coupling from conventional dielectric waveguides into photonic crystal waveguides. Closed-form expressions for the reflection and transmission matrices based on an eigenmode expansion technique are derived and validated by means of simulations. We use them to investigate butt-coupling losses in two kinds of photonic crystal structures: one formed by rods with a higher refractive index than the surrounding medium and the other formed by air holes inserted in a high-refractive-index medium. The origin and difference of coupling losses between the two photonic crystal structures is analyzed and discussed. We show that, although the coupling efficiency is much worse in the former structure, it can be significantly improved by choosing the optimum interface position that minimizes the mode impedance mismatch. Furthermore, the dependence of coupling efficiency on frequency is also analyzed. Finally, we also relate some traditionally used approximate formulas to our rigorous expressions.     

Toward controllable photonic crystals for centimeter- andmillimeter-wave devices

In this paper, we present several experimental and theoretical studies showing the feasibility of active photonic crystal controlled either by electrical elements or by light. The controllability of photonic crystals at centimeter wavelengths is proposed with the periodic insertion of diodes along the wires of a two-dimensional (2-D) metallic structure. For only three crystal periods with commercially available devices, more than 30 dB variations of the crystal transmission are predicted over a multigigahertz range by switching the diodes. From calculation models, a tight analogy is shown between these crystals and those consisting of discontinuous metallic rods with dielectric inserts. The numerical models as well as the proposed technology are validated by experimental measurements on 2-D crystals with either continuous or discontinuous metallic rods. The partial control of a 3-D layer-by-layer dielectric structure at millimeter wavelengths is also demonstrated in the second part of the work. A laser light is used to modulate the transmission level of defect modes by photo-induced free carrier absorption. The overall results are expected to contribute to further developments of switchable electromagnetic windows as well as to tunable waveguide structures in the microwave and millimeter wave domains     

混合柱形二维光子晶体禁带特性研究

研究了正方形和圆形介质柱混合排列的二维光子晶体的能带特性.运用平面波展开法在正方形和正三角形晶格下将混合柱形与统一柱形光子晶体的禁带特性进行计算比较.仿真结果表明:对于正方形晶格,混合柱形使光子晶体的TM模高阶能带向低频方向移动,禁带的宽度和位置介于正方形柱体和圆形柱体之间.在正三角形晶格中,混合柱形光子晶体出现了明显...     

Design of novel power splitters by directional coupling between photonic crystal waveguides

The design of a novel photonic crystal waveguide power splitter is presented. The proposed power splitter has three output ports, the coupling among three parallel photonic crystal waveguides can be considered as a multimode interference (MMI), and the positions of output waveguides are determined by those of twofold images which are formed by the self-imaging effect of multimode interference. The transmission characteristics of the splitter are investigated by using the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) and the plane wave expansion method. The output optical power in each port can be controlled by adjusting the radius of the dielectric rods in the coupling region, and the coupling effect among output ports is decreased by using the T-shaped output port. The results indicate that 1× 1, 1×2 and 1×3 type power splitters can be realized when the normalized radius of dielectric rods in the coupling region is 0.130, 0.180, 0.152 or 0.221, respectively.     

大带隙2维正方晶格光子晶体的优化设计

为了研究2维正方晶格光子晶体的完全带隙特性,采用平面波展开方法模拟了两种结构2维光子晶体,在固定光子晶体周期常数a的前提下,研究了2维正方晶格光子晶体的完全禁带随柱半径和折射率的变化规律。结果表明,以空气为背景的锗介质柱组成的光子晶体,随着半径的增大,完全带隙宽度先增大后减小最后消失,填充比为38.3%时,同时增大介质柱的介电常数,在介质柱折射率为4.2处,完全带隙最大,带宽是0.02754(ωa/(2πc));以锗为背景的空气柱组成的光子晶体,光子禁带对应的无量纲频率随半径的增大而增大,填充比为48.3%时,同时增大背景介质的介电常数,出现多个完全带隙,在背景折射率为6.2处,完全禁带最大,带宽为0.02922(ωa/(2πc))。光子晶体带隙的频谱响应也表明了完全带隙的范围。这为大带隙2维正方晶格光子晶体的设计和制备提供了依据。     

Multi-channel WDM based on coupling between waveguide and micro-cavity

Based on the coupling between photonic crystals(PCs) waveguide and micro-cavity,a new method to design wavelength division multiplexing(WDM) is proposed.By changing the position of border dielectric rods of micro-cavity and adopting the output waveguide with a 60o bend,the property of micro-cavity is optimized.The new WDM is designed based on the model.And by modulating the border dielectric rods,different wavelengths can be coupled into the micro-cavity,and then are output from the load waveguide selective...     

掺杂非线性吸收介质的光子晶体的双稳态特性

从光子晶体的传输矩阵理论出发，推导了掺杂饱和吸收非线性介质的光子晶体的缺陷模的透射率，以及缺陷层中局域光的增强因子。计算表明，基于非线性介质透过率的感应变化和透过率的正反馈作用，掺杂非线性吸收介质的一维光子晶体具有双稳态特性；实现双稳态所需的入射光强阈值决定于光子晶体的折射率参数、掺杂介质的饱和吸收光强，并随光子晶体的周期数N的增大而指数减小。     

DOUBLE PERIODIC PHOTONIC CRYSTAL WITH METAMATERIAL

In this paper, the reflection and transmission coefficients of multi-layer dielectric and metamaterial media are derived by transmission-line method. Then, it is applied to double periodic photonic crystal structure, which is composed of two thin dielectric layers sandwiched by two thin metamaterial layers. The results show the structure has a large passband and a monotonous symmetric rising band edges compared with that for a conventional photonic crystal structure. If a defect layer is introduced, the localized modes appear. Furthermore, the number of transmission peaks in the photonic crystal structure can be tuned by changing the thickness of the defect in the structure. This photonic crystal may find application to broadband reflectors and the multi-wavelength narrow band optical filters.     

Slow Light Transmission in Chalcogenide Photonic Crystal Waveguide

The slow light propagation in a line defect waveguide in chalcogenide photonic crystal of As2S3 rods in air medium has been investigated.It is found that the filling factor of the chalcogenide photonic crystal and the size of defect rods decide the propagation of the guided mode.An increase in the filling factor results in a sharp decrease of the group velocity in the photonic crystal waveguide.It has been demonstrated that,by tuning the filling factor and size of defect rods,the group velocity will be redu...     

A new design of optical add/drop filters and multi-channel filters based on hexagonal PhCRR for WDM systems

Photonic Network Communications - In this research, using photonic crystal dielectric rods with a triangular lattice constant, a photonic crystal ring resonator (PhCRR) has been designed in order...     

基于Y缺陷的改进型光子晶体光分路器

提出一种Y缺陷的改进型光子晶体光分路器,以提高输出端的透射率。在完整的二维光子晶体中引入线缺陷,构成1×4的Y型光子晶体光分路器。通过调节第一分支处的4个介质柱的半径,使其每个输出端口具有更高的透射率。同时,通过改变第二分支处的1个介质柱的半径,可以实现输出端口的高透射率和输出光能量的灵活调节。Y缺陷光子晶体光分路器可以广泛应用于未来的光路集成、集成光学、微光信息处理和光通信领域。     

完全禁带二维光子晶体的研究

利用平面波展开法,对存在完全禁带的正三角排列的气柱型二维光子晶体和蜂窝状排列的介质柱型二维光子晶体进行了研究,分析了柱的半径和介质折射率对完全禁带大小的影响,结果表明,正三角排列气柱型比蜂窝状排列介质柱型具有更大的最大带隙率,而且最大带隙率还可以通过介质折射率的改变来优化;蜂窝状排列介质柱型二维光子晶体最容易加工的结构刚好适合常见材料硅或砷化镓,具有更大的实用价值.