Comparitive Study of Coaxial Bragg Resonators

A coaxial Bragg resonator can be performed in four kinds of structures: it is constructed by inserting a regular waveguide between two selective Bragg reflectors (being called the upstream reflector and downstream reflector, respectively), or it consists of only two Bragg reflectors without regular waveguide section between them, where connection of these two reflectors is smooth with phase difference Δ??=?0 or is step-changed with corrugation phase difference Δ? = +π or ?π, respectively. The present paper is devoted to a comparative study for the response of reflectivity and quality factor on frequency in these four kinds of coaxial Bragg resonators, including the influences of the location and corrugation-phase difference of the step-changed connection of the two reflectors. Results show that a coaxial Bragg resonator possesses most attractive properties when the corrugation-phase difference is Δ? = +π at the point of connection and the upstream reflector is longer than the downstream reflector.     

Analysis of Excitations for a Groove Guide Resonator at 10 GHz by means of the FDTD Method

Various excitations of a new groove guide resonator working in the X-band (8 GHz – 12 GHz) are investigated by means of numerical simulations. For the numerical simulations the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method is used. The groove guide resonator, modelled both with and without excitation structures, is discretised in space. The results in the time domain are then transformed into the frequency domain in order to obtain the resonance frequency spectrum. Comparison between simulations with and without excitations shows the effect of the excitations on the resonance frequency spectrum. The results are compared with those of previous analytical methods.     

高Q Ba(Zn_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3介质谐振器材料及其在毫米波系统中的应用

叙述了Ｂａ（Ｚｎ１／３Ｔａ２／３）Ｏ３介质谐振器材料的制备、结构、微波性能及典型应用。Ｂａ（Ｚｎ１／３Ｔａ２／３）Ｏ３介质材料介电常数εｒ为２９．５，频率温度系数τ≈０（－５５～＋８５℃），１０ＧＨｚ下最大无载Ｑ值１４７００，在２８ＧＨｚ测得Ｑ值约为４８００。这种材料具有高Ｑ值，特别适用于Ｘ以上波段作为振荡器电路中频率稳定元件。用这种介质谐振器已研制出８ｍｍ介质稳频微带耿氏振荡器，频率稳定度小于１０×１０－６／℃，最大输出功率达１８０ｍＷ。     

L/S双频段圆形阵列单脉冲抛物面天线

该文研究了一种以六单元圆形阵列作为照射器的单脉冲抛物面天线,这种天线具有实现宽频带跟踪的独特优点,其输出信号类似于圆波导单口径多模馈源,具有一个和波束,一个锥形差波束,并给出了没有接收机参与的情况下,将宽频带的和差两个通道变成单通道的途径。研制了一套L(1#61485;2GHz),S(2.2#61485;2.3GHz)宽频带双圆极化单通道单脉冲天线,对该天线的照射器、分波器、波束形成网络、单通道变换器等组件和馈源结构集成化设计进行比较详细的介绍。该馈源安装到一个3.2m的抛物面上,频率为1.1GHz,2.2GHz时,和波束增益分别为22.9dB,30.1dB;差波束零深为35dB,40dB。在L/S两个频段内跟踪稳定。     

Théorie asymptotique de la diffraction en optique physique appliquée aux antennes à réflecteur

In physical optics approximation, the high frequency asymptotic analysis is used to obtain the scattered field from a given reflector. The results for a circular flat reflector are compared with numerical exact solution. The derived physical optics diffraction coefficientsare found to be numerically in good agreement with those of the geometrical theory of diffraction (GID).Transition functions are introduced in those coefficients to remove the singularities at stradow and reflection boundaries. This asymptotic analysis is generalized for reflectors of arbitrary shape. The derived formal expression of diffraction dyadic is shown to be similar to the one of GTD only for axially symmetric reflectors. In this case, the diffracted field has a simple practical formula. Results for a paraboloid reflector fed by a short dipole are compared to physical optics solution.     

Compact ultra-wideband bandpass filter using harmonic-suppressed multiple-mode resonator

A compact ultra-wideband bandpass filter with good upper-stopband performance is presented. A wide stopband above the desired passband is realised relying on three transmission zeros of capacitive-ended parallel coupled lines. A modified multiple-mode resonator is formed with a self-contained stopband. By linking this resonator with two interdigital coupled lines, an ultra-wideband bandpass filter is constituted. Predicted results are verified by experiment in a frequency range of DC to 25 GHz.     

Microstrip circuit applications of high-Q open microwaveresonators

An open microwave resonator can be formed above a planar microstrip substrate by suspending a spherical reflector above it. A theory is developed to account for the coupling between such an open resonator mode and a microstrip line. The open resonator is shown to have useful circuit properties similar to a dielectric resonator, but with the potential of efficient operation well into the millimeter-wave range. Experimental confirmation of the theory is demonstrated by a scale model of a microstrip-based single-pole bandpass filter, which shows a loaded Q of 860 and a minimum loss of 0.8 dB±0.4 dB at 10 GHz     

A compact, highly stable CW CO2 laser without brewster windows

We describe an open resonator, quasi sealed-off; 70cm cavity length CO₂ laser with very high stability of power and frequency, which lases on 96 lines from 9R42 (2W) to 10P52 (5W) with a power of >11W on 9R20, 9P20, 10R20 and 10P20, plus on 18 hotband lines with ≈2W. This laser was used successfully to pump an FIR ring laser [1] enabling an FIR power stability of ΔP/P ≈ 10^?4 by use of a simple PI control loop, thus demonstrating its superb frequency stability.     

Compact range reflector analysis using the plane wave spectrumapproach with an adjustable sampling rate

An improved method for determining the test zone field of compact range reflectors is presented. The plane wave spectrum (PWS) approach is used to obtain the test zone field from knowledge of the reflector aperture field distribution. The method is particularly well suited to the analysis of reflectors with a linearly serrated rim for reduced edge diffraction. Computation of the PWS of the reflector aperture field is facilitated by a closed-form expression for the Fourier transform of a polygonal window function. Inverse transformation in the test zone region is accomplished using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm with a properly adjusted sampling rate (which is a function of both the reflector size and the distance from the reflector). The method is validated by comparison with results obtained using surface current and aperture field integration techniques. The performance of several serrated reflectors is evaluated in order to observe the effects of edge diffraction on the test zone fields     

1～12GHz单通道单脉冲跟踪天线

介绍了以六单元圆形阵列天线作为照射器的超宽频带双圆极化单脉冲抛物面天线的工作机理,并给出了通过数字移相器和耦合器将宽频带的和差两个通道变成单通道的途径.成功研制了一套超宽频带单通道单脉冲天线系统,天线系统由大、小两个抛物面天线组成,小天线置于大天线的边缘.进行了试验研究,给出了和差方向图的测试结果.该天线系统具有同时左右旋圆极化、十二倍频程自跟踪、单通道、馈源体积小等特点.     

Jacobi-Bessel analysis of reflector antennas with elliptical apertures

Although many reflector antennas possess circular projected apertures, there are recent satellite and ground antenna applications for which it is desirable to employ reflectors with elliptical apertures. Here a modification of the Jacobi-Bessel expansion is presented for the diffraction analysis of reflectors with elliptical apertures. A comparative study is also performed between this modified Jacobi-Bessel algorithm and the one which uses the Jacobi-Bessel expansion over a circumscribing circular region. Numerical results are presented for offset reflectors with elliptical and circular apertures and the improved convergence properties of the modified algorithm are highlighted.     

Hybrid Narrow-Band Tunable Bandpass Filter Based on Varactor Loaded Electromagnetic-Bandgap Coplanar Waveguides

A varactor-loaded resonator inserted between two Bragg reflectors has been implemented to design high-selectivity tunable bandpass filters. First, a mechanical tuning method is demonstrated. A varactor tunable bandpass filter is then implemented at 9 GHz, yielding good agreement between computational and experimental results. The tuning range reaches 3.5% with a loaded quality factor$Q_L =40$, a maximum insertion loss of 4.75 dB, and a return loss exceeding 20 dB. The theory is carefully explained, showing the importance of the parameters of the Bragg reflectors and of the resonator, in particular, the effect of diode-case parasitics and varactor position with respect to the resonator. A large-signal experimental analysis is done, showing a maximum allowable input power of a few dBm. Finally, possible filter improvements are discussed, and simulations with a microelectromechanical systems varactor are shown.     

1GHz裂环谐振腔的设计和制作

本文用等效电路的方法,推导了腔的谐振频率及Q值表达式,并用螺线管的磁场等效腔的磁场,进一步得出了Q值与腔的尺寸、屏蔽壳及耦合环之间的关系。用计算机作出了关系曲线,从曲线可以得到腔的最佳设计方案。 在1到1.4GHz频率范围内的实验表明:Q值容易达到900～1000。这种腔具有结构简单、体积小、调谐范围宽及Q值高等优点。     

Design of microstrip wide stopband quad-band bandpass filters for multi-service communication systems

This paper presents two planar high performance quad-channel bandpass filters, which are designed based on a novel circular multi-mode resonator. In this paper and for the first time, the proposed resonator is utilized to achieve quad passbands. It consists of diverged feeding lines that are coupled to etched circular cells. The first filter has quite close channels at 2.62, 2.88, 4.34 and 4.67 GHz, which make it appropriate for frequency division duplex (FDD) scheme. Meanwhile, the second filter is designed for WCDMA and WiMAX applications. Both filters are able to attenuate the harmonics up to 19 GHz with a maximum harmonic level of −20 dB. The insertion losses and return losses of both filters at all channels are better than 1.2 dB and 17.5 dB, respectively. The harmonic attenuation method is presented employing a LC equivalent circuit of the proposed resonator. In order to verify the designing methodology, the proposed filters are fabricated and measured where there are good agreements between the simulation and measurement results.     

Design and Fabrication of ZnO-Based FBAR Microwave Devices for Mobile WiMAX Applications

In this letter, we present the design and fabrication of a novel ZnO-based film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) microwave devices. The novel FBAR devices employ a new-type of Bragg reflector with very thin chromium (Cr) layer formed between SiO₂ and W films. The Cr layer seems to enhance the adhesion between SiO₂ and W layers. The novel FBAR devices show good return losses (S₁₁) and high Q-factors at the frequency range of 2.7-3.0 GHz. This approach will be very helpful for mobile worldwide interoperability for microwave access applications.     

Spectrum of the Ferromagnetic Resonance of a Lattice of Orthogonal Permalloy Microwaveguides

The ferromagnetic resonance spectrum at a frequency of ~9.85 GHz for an in-plane magnetized 2D square lattice with the unit cell parameter а ≈ 15 μm consisting of orthogonal microwaveguides with a width of w ≈ 5 μm on the basis of a permalloy film with thickness of d ≈ 90 nm has been experimentally and numerically investigated. It is shown that upon variation in the angle θ between the magnetic field direction and the unit cell axis, the total spectrum of spin-wave excitations of the lattice can be presented as a superposition of the spectra of separate permalloy microstrips magnetized at angles θ and π/2–θ and regions corresponding to the lattice nodes. It has been found that, in the case of magnetization along the lattice diagonal (θ ≈ 45о), excitations localized at the lattice nodes dominate in the spectrum, whereas, at θ ≈ 0 and 90°, the main contribution is made by excitations localized mainly on the microwaveguide segments between the lattice nodes; at θ ≈ 10°–13° and 18–20°, “repulsion” of absorption lines in the spectrum is observed.     

S波段低相噪同轴介质压控振荡器设计

运用串联反馈振荡器理论设计了一个工作于S波段的低相噪同轴介质压控振荡器。首先分析了同轴介质谐振器的理论以及串联反馈振荡器的工作原理,然后在高频电磁仿真软件HFSS和ADS中进行仿真和设计。为了实现电调谐,将变容管合理地加入振荡器,最终设计完成了一个S波段的低相噪同轴介质压控振荡器。通过对实物成品的测量和调试表明,此压控振荡器达到了预定的技术指标,各项性能良好。测试结果:工作频率为2.075~2.250 GHz,调谐范围为1.75 GHz,输出功率≥11 dBm,谐波抑制度≥23 dBc,相位噪声优于-133 dBc/Hz@100kHz。     

A wideband stepped-impedance rectangular-ring resonator bandpass filter with multiple notched bands

A configuration of wideband bandpass filter (BPF) with multiple notched bands is presented. Proposed BPF is based on stepped-impedance resonator. By utilising dual stepped-impedance resonators in folded topology a rectangular-ring resonator is formed. Two notched bands in the passband are achieved without using asymmetrical coupled lines. In other words, the filter configuration is capable of producing notched bands. It should be noted that additional information on filter performance and design is presented. Measurement results are presented to approve propounded filter characteristics. The measured passband of the second proposed filter is from 3.68 to 10.2 GHz with insertion loss of –1.76 dB in the first passband at the centre frequency of 4.45 GHz. The measured notched band frequencies are about 5.45 and 7.95 GHz with rejection of –21.77 and –20.82 dB, respectively. The return loss in the passband is better than –11.4 dB.     

Design and manufacture of a 1GHz split ring resonator

TheQ value and the resonant frequency for split ring resonator are derived by the method of equivalent circuit. The relationship betweenQ and dimensions of split ring resonator is obtained by taking the resonator as a solenoid. A series of curves for optimum design is plotted. In our experiments, a highQ value of 900 to 1000 in the frequency range of 1 to 1.4 GHz is easily obtained; the resonator has the merits of small dimension, wide frequency range and simplicity in construction.     

Broadband electronically tunable planar active radiating elementsand spatial power combiners using notch antennas

A Gunn device has been integrated with two types of active planar notch antennas. The first types uses a coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator an a stepped-notched antenna with bias tuning to achieve a bandwidth of 275 MHz centered at 9.33 GHz with a power output of 14.2±1.5 dBm. The second type uses a CPW resonator with a varactor for frequency tuning to achieve a bandwidth of over 1.3 GHz centered at 9.6 GHz with a power output of 14.5±0.8 dBm. This is equivalent to over 14% electronic tuning bandwidth. Both configurations exhibit a very clean and stable output signal. A theoretical circuit model was developed to facilitate the design. The model agrees well with experimental results. Injection-locking experiments on the second configuration show a locking gain of 30 dB with a locking bandwidth of 30 MHz at 10.2 GHz. Power combining experiments of two-varactor-tuned CPW active notch antenna elements in a broadside configuration have achieved well over 70% combining efficiency throughout the wide tuning range. The circuits have advantages of small size, low cost, and excellent performance