子空间算法在OFDM信道时延估计中的应用

到达时延(TOA)和到达时延差(TDOA)定位算法是无线定位中应用最广泛的2种方法,TOA测量值的准确获取将影响定位的精确度。正交频分复用(OFDM)是实现无线多媒体通信的关键技术,利用OFDM信号的导频子载波所携带的信息,参考均匀线列阵的DOA估计过程,提出将MUSIC子空间法应用到OFDM信道的时延估计上。给出了OFDM符号内导频子载波分布的相关条件,对提出算法进行仿真实验,可以看出,导频子载波个数的增加和导频子载波间隔的扩大都可以提高估计精确度。     

The phasor representation of the OFDM signal in the SFN networks

The multipath is a cause of frequency notches leading to signal fading. In order to get insight into this effect the connections between individual path parameters and frequency envelope of the OFDM signal are needed. To this aim the phasor representation of the OFDM signal is proposed. The phasor representation exposes the regularity related within different paths of the signal allowing for insight into the structure of multipath OFDM channel. In this work we analyze paths with time delays also accessing OFDM symbol guard interval.     

一种应用于OFDM系统的MUSIC改进算法

根据OFDM信号在频域由多个子载波构成的特点,提出了适用于OFDM系统的阵列信号处理模型。并利用子载波的正交性,推导出一种可以应用于OFDM系统的MUSIC改进算法。该算法将MUSIC空间谱表示为各子载波空间谱的叠加,并可在不同信道特性下,选择不同的子载波数量,以在较小的运算量下达到较佳的性能。在此基础上,提出实用方案,并通过仿真验证了该算法的性能。     

Subspace-based approach for DOA estimation using pilot symbol channel identification

In the paper, antenna processing is applied in the radio localisation frame. For a source of interest, the multipath directions of arrival (DOA) are estimated and the shortest/direct propagation path is identified. First, an unstructured estimate of the sampled channel impulse response is derived by use of pilot symbols. The channel response samples are then separately processed to recover the DOA of the relative paths. For stationary channels, it is suggested that smoothing be used in the case of a uniform and linear antenna array (ULA) to recover the source subspace. For fast fading channels, which is typically the case for high speed mobiles, it is shown that using a MUSIC like algorithm allows source subspace recovery by exploiting the gain diversity over a reduced number of slots with unchanged DOA and time delays. Separate processing of channel response samples reduces the constraint on antenna array size and allows comparison of the path lengths.     

Pilot-Aided OFDM Channel Estimation in the Presence of the Guard Band

In this letter, pilot design and channel estimation are discussed for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with guard subcarriers. First, we investigate the effects of guard band on channel estimation errors. From this, we propose pilot placement having a maximum distance between adjacent pilots except for the guard band, and show that it achieves minimum channel estimation errors among partially equispaced pilots using equivalence of the Toeplitz and circulant matrices. Also, an efficient channel estimator is developed by introducing an extended channel and its finite impulse response (FIR) approximation to overcome high numerical complexity caused by the presence of guard subcarriers and the use of a large number of subcarriers. Simulation results are presented for OFDM and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems consistent with IEEE 802.16a standards.     

基于相关处理的OFDM信号循环前缀盲估计方法

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)监测系统无法预先得知循环前缀(CP)长度的问题,提出了一种基于循环相关处理技术的CP参数估计方法,该方法充分利用了OFDM信号的时域准周期性,实现了FFT时间长度、保护间隔周期和符号同步时刻等参数的精确估计。对该方法的信号参数适应能力进行了理论分析和计算机仿真,结果表明新方法无需任何先验信息,运算量小、精度高,适于硬件实现。     

柱面共形阵列高性能低复杂度DOA估计算法

针对柱面共形阵列的波达方向(DOA)估计问题,从信号子空间的角度分析了在阵元遮挡下应用多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法的性能缺陷。在此基础上提出通过偏置常数的方法克服经典MUSIC算法的阵元遮挡问题。进一步提出一种基于数据自适应子阵分割的快速DOA估计算法,该方法先利用稀疏采样的偏置MUSIC算法进行DOA预估,依此确定所需要的子阵及二维搜索区域,确定MUSIC算法的搜索范围,进而得到高精确度的DOA估计。利用子阵分割的方法进行DOA估计,避免了经典MUSIC算法因阵元遮挡导致运算量大、精确度低等问题。仿真结果表明,该方法能大幅度降低运算复杂度,同时提高DOA估计精确度。     

用一种新的空时导向矢量联合估计CDMA信号波达方向与多径时延

本文针对CDMA系统提出了一种不需要训练信号而直接对接收的正常通信信号进行处理,实现感兴趣用户的波达方向(DOA)与多径时延联合估计的新方法.该方法是一种基于空时二维的MUSIC方法,首先建立了一种新的数据结构,并对其形成的相关矩阵进行特征分解,然后采用构造的新导向矢量对特征空间进行搜索.这种方法克服了要求接收信号数小于阵元数的局限,能有效估计时延不同、波达方向相差很小的多径信号的参数.     

OFDM系统中宽带干扰的差分检测算法的研究

提出了一种基于导频辅助的宽带干扰(WBJ)差分检测算法,不但能判断干扰出现的位置,而且还能计算出每个子载波的SINR(包括干扰和噪声的信噪比).通过理论的分析和仿真,验证了本文提出的算法能够比较准确地检测出宽带干扰的位置和每个子载波的信干噪比(SINR).     

短波OFDM系统中基于迭代插值的信道估计

经典的线性插值算法具有实现简单的优点,但短波信道是靠电离层反射进行通信,而电离层的分布是随机变化的,导致短波信道随机变化.所以数据子载波的频域响应与相邻导频子载波频域响应之间不再满足线性关系,即线性插值算法不适用于短波OFDM系统中.基于此提出了一种迭代的插值算法,该算法利用了两个距离最近的子载波的信道响应的相关性越大的原理,利用信号的相关性进行迭代,从而得出频域的信道估计.仿真表明,该插值算法有效拟合了短波信道特性曲线,降低了系统的误比特率和均方误差.     

Improved Channel Estimation Based on Parametric Channel Approximation Modeling for OFDM Systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) together with high order modulation scheme requires accurate channel estimation to perform coherent demodulation. In this paper, improved channel estimation methods based on a parametric channel approximation model are proposed for the OFDM system using pilot subcarriers. This channel model is called fraction taps channel approximation (FTCA) model, which is defined as a finite impulse response (FIR) on some definitive delay taps that have a fraction tap delay spacing relative to the sampling interval. Then, based on the FTCA channel model, the minimum mean square error (MMSE) and least square (LS) estimators are derived. Simulations over non-sample-spaced channels prove that the use of the FTCA channel model can effectively eliminate the problem of multi-path delay estimation and reduce the signal subspace dimension of the channel correlation matrix, where the full-rank estimators using pilot subcarriers can be adopted, and consequently, improve the channel estimation performance.     

A Novel Channel Estimation Scheme for OFDM/OQAM‐IOTA System

An OFDM/offset QAM (OQAM)‐IOTA system uses the isotropic orthogonal transform algorithm (IOTA) function, which has good localization properties in the time and frequency domains. This is employed instead of the guard interval used in a conventional OFDM/QAM system in order to be robust for multi‐path channels. However, the conventional channel estimation scheme is not valid for an OFDM/OQAM‐IOTA system due to the intrinsic inter‐symbol interference of the IOTA function. In this paper, a condition is derived to reduce the intrinsic interference of the IOTA function. This condition is obtained with the proposed pilot structure used for perfect channel estimation. We also derive the preamble structure appropriate for practical channel estimation of the OFDM/OQAM‐IOTA system. Simulation results show that the OFDM/OQAM‐IOTA system with the proposed preamble structure performs better than the conventional OFDM system, and it has the additional advantage of an increased data transmission rate which corresponds to the guard interval retrieval.     

OFDM中改进的基于循环前缀的ML迭代同步算法

利用多个OFDM符号中相同位置的连续多个抽样点相关求均值的方法,提高了估计精度。根据信噪比的高低和多径时延的大小,动态调整参与相关运算的循环前缀长度,提出了以长度D=Ng作为迭代间隔,降低了算法复杂度。在4径衰落信道模型,子载波数为1024,循环前缀Ng为256,子载波调制方式为QPSK,M取值为6,仿真结果表明,该算法在多径衰落信道下都具有良好的定时和频率偏差估计性能。     

Cyclic delay diversity with bit-interleaved coded modulation in orthogonal frequency division multiple access

We consider cyclic delay diversity in OFDMA. Cyclic delay diversity is an elegant way to obtain spatial diversity in an FEC coded OFDM system without exceeding the guard interval. We first address the problem of choosing the cyclic delays and propose a new robust design rule which enables to pick up the full spatial and frequency diversity which is inherent in a frequency-selective MIMO channel. Our choice of cyclic delays has consequences for the interleaving and multiple access scheme since the spatial diversity appears to be transformed into frequency diversity between neighbouring subcarriers. Therefore, a system with a conventional block frequency interleaver will fail to exploit the spatial diversity. We propose an interleaving and multiple access strategy which guarantees that all users obtain the maximum possible diversity advantage using FEC codes with a limited constraint length. Furthermore, we provide a performance comparison to transmit diversity from orthogonal designs.     

TST-MUSIC for joint DOA-delay estimation

A multiple signal classification (MUSIC)-based approach known as the time-space-time MUSIC (TST-MUSIC) is proposed to jointly estimate the directions of arrival (DOAs) and the propagation delays of a wireless multiray channel. The MUSIC algorithm for the DOA estimation is referred to as the spatial-MUSIC (S-MUSIC) algorithm. On the other hand, the temporal-MUSIC (T-MUSIC), which estimates the propagation delays, is introduced as well. Making use of the space-time characteristics of the multiray channel, the proposed algorithm-in a tree structure-combines the techniques of temporal filtering and of spatial beamforming with three one-dimensional (1-D) MUSIC algorithms, i.e., one S-MUSIC and two T-MUSIC algorithms. The incoming rays are thus grouped, isolated, and estimated. At the same time, the pairing of the estimated DOAs and delays is automatically determined. Furthermore, the proposed approach can resolve the incoming rays with very close DOAs or delays, and the number of antennas required by the TST-MUSIC algorithm can be made less than that of the incoming rays     

Performance of radial-basis function networks for direction ofarrival estimation with antenna arrays

The problem of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of mobile users using linear antenna arrays is addressed. To reduce the computational complexity of superresolution algorithms, e.g. multiple signal classification (MUSIC), the DOA problem is approached as a mapping which can be modeled using a suitable artificial neural network trained with input output pairs. This paper discusses the application of a three-layer radial-basis function neural network (RBFNN), which can learn multiple source-direction findings of a six-element array. The network weights are modified using the normalized cumulative delta rule. The performance of this network is compared to that of the MUSIC algorithm for both uncorrelated and correlated signals. It is also shown that the RBFNN substantially reduced the CPU time for the DOA estimation computations     

基于降维处理的MUSIC二维DOA估计算法

针对 MUSIC(多重信号分类法)估计方法实现二维 DOA(波达方向)估计的计算量大且遍历搜索耗时的问题,给出了一种基于降维处理的 MUSIC 算法。该算法无需进行二维谱峰值搜索。该算法利用二次优化方法将二维 DOA 估计分解为一维 DOA 估计,先通过一维 MUSIC 估计获得信号与 x 轴夹角,再利用最小二乘算法估计获得信号与 y 轴夹角。最后利用角度关系式得到信号的二维 DOA 估计值。该算法的复杂和搜索范围都大大降低,仿真表明,该算法具有较好的角度估计效果。     

基于空间平滑多重信号分类算法的低角目标探测

基于阵列信号处理的目标回波到达方向（DOA）估计算法具有分辨力强、估计精度高、抗干扰能力强的特点，是目标测向的研究热点。多重信号分类（MUSIC）算法就是基于阵列信号处理的目标测向算法之一，传统的多重信号分类算法假设目标回波是互不相关的，这导致其应用效果受到较大的限制。在传统多重信号分类算法的基础上，采用空间平滑多重信号分类算法进行目标回波解相干处理，推导给出了估计目标回波到达角度的表达式以及该算法的实现流程框图，并结合数值模拟结果以及实际应用场景对该算法的优缺点进行了对比分析。空间平滑多重信号分类算法在低角目标探测、单目标多径问题、多目标到达角度与多目标数量估计等方面具有一定优势。     

Non-cooperative signal modulation recognition algorithm based on joint feature parameter extraction

Aiming at the problem that in the current electromagnetic environment,the modulation method is complicated,the frequency-consuming equipment increases,the spectrum is congested,and the electromagnetic environment interference increases,the algorithm of OFDM signal detection and subcarrier identification in the background of non-cooperative communication were deeply studied.Using the different distribution states of OFDM signals and single carrier signals in the time domain,a joint characteristic parameter was proposed to solve the existence problem of OFDM in the received signal.For the phase shift and frequency offset problems caused by the channel transmission to the signal,by using the periodic stability the blind parameter estimation was performed to obtain the signal prior information.On the basis of the obtained signal prior information,a multi-level classification and recognition method for non-cooperative OFDM signal sub-carrier signals was proposed.Therefore,a model based on non-cooperative communication system OFDM signal detection and subcarrier modulation identification was designed,and finally modulation identification of unknown signals was completed.Simulation experiments show that in non-cooperative communication systems,OFDM signals and single-carrier signals can be accurately identified,and ideal modulation recognition effects can be achieved on empty subcarriers,QPSK,and 16QAM in the receiver OFDM signal subcarriers,overcoming the channel transmission band The problems of phase shift and frequency offset have improved the accuracy of modulation mode identification.     

一种改进的OFDM系统盲信道估计算法

在OFDM通信系统中,信道参数估计一直是个备受关注的问题。本文利用接收端分集,提出了一种改进的盲信道估计算法,它适用于有无虚拟子载波,有无循环前缀的各种情况,在一定的信道精度要求条件下,可以在一个OFDM 符号内进行信道估计。计算机仿真显示,在积累相同的接收符号时,本算法也比同类的盲信道估计算法的性能好。