基于小波变换和改进SVD的红外图像去噪

针对小波变换红外图像去噪需要已知噪声先验知识的缺点,提出了一种基于分块奇异值分解的正交小波变换红外图像去噪新算法。首先对红外图像进行离散正交小波变换,并对高频图像采用改进的分块奇异值分解估计小波系数,其中对奇异向量采用傅里叶变换进行了修正;最后将低频图像与估计的高频图像通过小波反变换得到去噪图像。仿真结果表明,该图像去噪算法能在无噪声先验知识条件下有效去除图像噪声,信噪比有了明显提高,并获得了良好的主观视觉效果。     

基于最优小波基函数的语音增强研究

小波分析具有时频局部化和多分辨率特性,而小波包分析是在小波分析的基础上对信号高频部分的更精细地分解,选取合适的小波基一直是小波包去噪分析中的关键问题。将熵函数作为选取最优小波基的评价标准,通过计算语音信号小波包分解系数的熵值来确定合适的分解方式,同时采用小波包阈值去噪算法对三种小波基进行小波包去噪仿真实验,并进行对比分析。仿真实验表明,两种熵函数选取的最优小波基都能较好地消除强噪声背景下的噪声,得到信噪比较高的语音信号。     

Enhancement of bowel sounds by wavelet-based filtering

This paper evaluates the performance of an automatic method for structural decomposition, noise removal and enhancement of bowel sounds (BS), based on the wavelet transform. The proposed method combines multiresolution analysis with hard thresholding to compose a wavelet transform-based stationary-nonstationary (WTST-NST) filter, for enhanced separation of bowel sounds (BS) from superimposed noise. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the experimental results, when applying the WTST-NST filter to BS recorded from controls and patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction, prove that the ability of the WTST-NST filter to remove noise and reveal the authentic structure of BS is excellent. By eliminating the need to record a noise reference signal, this method reduces hardware overhead when analysis of BS is the primary aim. The method is independent of subjective human judgement for selection of noise reference templates, is robust to different levels of signal interference, and, due to its simplicity, can easily be used in clinical medicine.     

一种基于自适应滤波的语音降噪方法研究

分析和研究自适应滤波和小波变换法的原理及方法,提出了一种新的综合使用自适应滤波和小波变换法的语音降噪方法。该方法首先用仿生小波变换法对带噪声的语音信号进行小波分解,将小渡变换法分离出来的噪声信号作为自适应滤波器的输入。最后选择用最小均方误差（LMS）的自适应算法对带噪声语音信号进行降噪处理,实现了信噪分离,去除语音信号中的噪声信号。实验结果表明,该方法对语音信号有较为明显的降噪效果。     

基于小波变换的在役管线漏磁信号的去噪

采用漏磁法对在役管线进行无损检测时,所采集的信号中含有大量的噪声需要去除。文中介绍了小波变换的基本理论及检测信号和噪声信号在小波变换下的特性,说明了去除漏磁信号噪声的原理。在仿真试验中采用二阶双正交样条小波为小波函数,选用软硬阈值折中法和自适应阈值处理小波系数,结果表明将小波变换应用于在役管线漏磁检测中,能很好地去除噪声,提取出有用信号。     

混沌信号的自适应阈值同步挤压小波变换消噪

针对同步挤压小波变换（SST）消噪过程中仅使用单一阈值的不足,对SST消噪时的幅度阈值进行了改进,提出了一种基于SST分层阈值的混沌信号消噪方法.首先,根据信号和噪声经SST分解后系数的分布模型,推导SST混沌去噪时幅度阈值权系数的均方误差计算公式;进而,根据均方误差最小准则,计算幅度阈值权系数的最优取值;最后,根据最优阈值权系数和噪声标准差,确定SST混沌去噪时的分层阈值.利用模拟混沌信号和实测月太阳黑子信号对所提方法进行了实验分析,实验结果表明,本文方法可较好地滤除混沌信号中的噪声,同时原始信号的内在混沌特性也能得到较大程度的恢复.与小波阈值法和集合经验模态分解（EEMD）消噪法相比,可获得更好的消噪效果.     

Wavelet-based enhancement of lung and bowel sounds using fractal dimension thresholding--Part I: methodology

An efficient method for the enhancement of lung sounds (LS) and bowel sounds (BS), based on wavelet transform (WT), and fractal dimension (FD) analysis is presented in this paper. The proposed method combines multiresolution analysis with FD-based thresholding to compose a WT-FD filter, for enhanced separation of explosive LS (ELS) and BS (EBS) from the background noise. In particular, the WT-FD filter incorporates the WT-based multiresolution decomposition to initially decompose the recorded bioacoustic signal into approximation and detail space in the WT domain. Next, the FD of the derived WT coefficients is estimated within a sliding window and used to infer where the thresholding of the WT coefficients has to happen. This is achieved through a self-adjusted procedure that iteratively "peels" the estimated FD signal and isolates its peaks produced by the WT coefficients corresponding to ELS or EBS. In this way, two new signals are constructed containing the useful and the undesired WT coefficients, respectively. By applying WT-based multiresolution reconstruction to these two signals, a first version of the desired signal and the background noise is provided, accordingly. This procedure is repeated until a stopping criterion is met, finally resulting in efficient separation of the ELS or EBS from the background noise. The proposed WT-FD filter introduces an alternative way to the enhancement of bioacoustic signals, applicable to any separation problem involving nonstationary transient signals mixed with uncorrelated stationary background noise. The results from the application of the WT-FD filter to real bioacoustic data are presented and discussed in an accompanying paper.     

脉搏信号滤波方法研究

为了降低噪声对人体脉搏信号的干扰、提高采集精度,提出了一种改进的滤波算法。从脉搏信号及其噪声特点出发,采用与经验模态分解法结合的方法,选择适当的小波基并改进小波阈值函数,构造模态系数对脉搏信号进行滤波。经过理论分析与实验验证,取得了理想的实验数据。结果表明,改进的阈值算法不仅克服了软、硬阈值的局限性,并能有效克服傅里叶变换后产生的边缘效应问题;同时,与经验模态分解法相结合,削弱了低频噪声滤除的误差,增强了小波变换的自适应性,较传统的滤波方法能更好地抑制噪声,有助于提高信噪比。     

基于小波变换与深度残差融合的图像增强算法

针对目前基于小波变换图像融合增强算法原始图 像中的多尺度细节信息的不足,提 出了一种改进的多尺度小波变换与深度残差选择相结合的图像增强算法。利用小波变换对原 始图像进行分解提取得到它的多级分解系数后,再利用不同规则对不同层次的小波系数进行 重构,与此同时引入深度残差算法的思想对子带系数做残差。对于高频子带系数,计算子带 残差的系数与梯度特征融合方法的系数,选用两者最大值进行融合增强;而对于低频子带系 数则采用梯度特征融合增强系数与子带残差系数取平均值的算法进行融合。通过在MATLAB 平台上的实验对所提出算法进行验证,峰值信噪比相较于对比的方法都有所提高,且均方根 误差也得到减小,结构相似度都得到提高,结果表明该算法能增强图像的多尺度细节信息, 提高图像的信噪比,且具有更好的图像增强效果。     

傅里叶变换与小波变换在信号去噪中的应用

对于高频信号和高频噪声干扰相混叠的信号,采用小波变换去除噪声可以避免用傅里叶变换去噪带来的信号折损。对于噪声频率固定的平稳信号,在对信号进行傅里叶变换后使用滤波器滤除噪声。对高频含噪信号则采用正交小波函数sym4对信号分解到第4层,利用极大极小值原则选择合适的阈值进行软阈值处理,最后利用处理后的小波系数进行重构。实验结果表明,对于高频含噪信号傅里叶去噪会出现严重的信号丢失现象,使用极大极小值原则选择阈值进行小波去噪可以有效地保留高频部分的有用信号。