降低NC-OFDM信号PAPR的自适应算法研究

NC-OFDM(非连续正交频分复用)是认知无线电的主要数据传输方式,PAPR(峰均比)过高是OFDM(正交频分复用)和NC-OFDM共同的缺点。文章主要研究了NC-OFDM信号的PAPR降低的算法,提出了一种基于PTS(部分序列传输)和交织方法相结合的自适应算法,并将此算法嵌入到NC-OFDM系统中。仿真结果表明,此自适应算法能够大大减少信号的PAPR。     

CR中多用户NC—OFDM系统的设计与仿真

为了解决认知无线电中多个用户充分利用空闲频谱的问题,设计带有频谱感知和动态资源分配功能的多用户NC-OFDM系统.该系统首先根据频谱感知的资源状况,结合认知用户信道估计获得的信道衰落情况,对系统的子载波、比特和功率进行分配,然后以NC-OFDM为调制技术传送数据.仿真结果表明,该系统比静态资源分配系统具有更好的误码性能和归一化信道容量.     

NC-OFDM系统性能的仿真分析

研究NC-OFDM系统独特的频谱利用方法,探讨其在认知无线电中的应用,对其提高频谱利用率和避免对授权用户造成干扰的特点进行分析。设计NC-OFDM系统的实现方法,给出系统部分模块的仿真结果。对NC-OFDM系统在关闭不同比例子载波时的误码性能进行仿真,并与OFDM系统进行比较。在不同的信道环境中,分别针对不同的调制方式和不同的多普勒频移对NC-OFDM和OFDM系统的误码性能进行仿真比较。仿真结果表明:NC-OFDM系统在避免对授权用户造成干扰的前提下,提高了频谱的利用率,而且具有良好的误码性能。     

认知无线电动态频谱分配新算法

动态频谱分配技术是认知无线电的一项关键技术,本文针对以OFDM为传输技术的认知无线电系统,提出了固定速率认知用户和变速率认知用户并存情况下的动态频谱分配新算法。本文算法以最小化每比特发射功率为目标,运用最小最大准则与分步求解的方法,对系统目标函数予以简化,在最大公平意义上对认知小区的空闲频谱资源进行动态分配。仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好的公平性,在固定速率用户功率最小化需求和变速率用户吞吐量最大化的需求之间取得了比较好的平衡,适用于两种需求用户并存环境下的认知无线电系统。      

认知无线电对通信对抗装备建设的启示

认知无线电(Cognitive Radio,CR)技术的提出,为解决不断增长的无线通信应用需求与日益紧张的无线频谱资源之间的矛盾提供了一种有效的解决途径。在较详细地阐述了认知无线电基本原理的基础上,分析了认知无线通信系统的技术特点、关键技术、应用前景,以及对抗难点和思路,探讨并给出了认知无线电通信系统对抗装备的设计、验证、试验等方面的技术支持和启示。     

基于认知无线电的NC-OFDM系统HPA非线性的研究

研究了高功率放大器(HPA)非线性对非连续OFDM(NC-OFDM)信号的影响,给出了基于认知无线电的NC-OFDM系统模型,并仿真分析了主用户(PU)频带干扰温度与NC-OFDM系统HPA参数、频带占用率、子信道间隔、保护载波数量等系统参数的关系,结果表明,HPA的IBO参数和PU频带占用率是决定PU频带干扰的主要因素,而且单纯依靠增加保护载波和子信道间隔对PU频带干扰温度的改善是有限的.所得结论可为NC-OFDM系统中预失真、旁瓣抑制及功率分配等算法的研究提供参考.     

基于多小区OFDMA网络的动态频谱分配算法

为了提高频谱效率,给二级认知用户提供更多的频谱接入机会,同时保证用户的服务质量(QoS),该文章基于传统的频率复用方法在多小区正交频分多址接入(OFDMA)系统的场景中提出了一种动态频谱分配(DSA)算法。该算法使得持有频谱执照者在认知无线电环境中在很大的区域内释放频谱给其他的二级市场,还建立了一个分配花费矩阵,使得小区间的干扰达到最小,保证了用户的服务质量(QoS)。与传统的频率复用方法相比,该算法有更好的频谱效率,并给二级市场的使用创造了更多的机会。     

基于OFDM的认知无线电功率分配方法研究

针对认知无线电(Cognitive Radio,CR)需要提高频谱利用率,而正交频分复用(Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing,OFDM)技术系统中针对子载波的功率分配算法计算复杂度高的缺点,对认知无线电中的频谱资源和功率分配方法进行了研究。提出了一种将整个信道分为多个子载波块进行功率分配的算法,该算法结合频谱检测和信道估计的结果,选取可用的通信频段并采用注水算法为每一个子载波段分配功率,并通过自适应调制实现吞吐量最大化。仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效提高频谱利用效率。     

一种面向CR-NOMA系统的动态功率分配算法

在密集小区的认知无线电非正交多址（cognitive radio non-orthogonal multiple access, CR-NOMA）网络场景下,针对用户采取Underlay方式复用时信道频带利用率低的问题,提出了一种基于能效的组合用户动态功率分配算法. 该算法在保证主用户服务质量前提下,基于用户之间的干扰和信干噪比,优化了组合多用户的接入方案,使信道接入用户数量最大且提高了频带利用率. 同时,根据增益排序下的功率差额配比改进了剩余功率再分配方案,使空闲功率重新利用更加合理和有效. 仿真结果表明,本文算法可以有效实现接入用户数量最大化的同时提高了频谱利用率.     

基于压缩感知的MIMO NC-OFDM系统信道估计算法北大核心

多输入多输出不连续正交频分复用(MIMO NC-OFDM)系统是认知无线电(CR)系统的常用体制,由于授权用户占用而导致的载波不连续情况下的信道估计是影响该系统性能的关键技术问题。提出一种基于压缩感知(CS)的MIMO NC-OFDM系统的信道估计方法——稀疏自适应匹配追踪(SAMP)算法。SAMP算法在重构过程中先对信号稀疏度进行初始估计,然后自适应调整步长逐步逼近信号,相较于其他贪婪算法,能够在稀疏度未知的情况下准确重建稀疏信号。仿真结果表明,SAMP算法提高了重构精度,在实际应用中易于实现。     

An optimization technique for simultaneous reduction of PAPR and out-of-band power in NC-OFDM-based cognitive radio systems

Noncontiguous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (NC-OFDM)-based cognitive radio (CR) systems achieve highly efficient spectrum utilization by transmitting unlicensed users' data on subcarriers of licensed users’ data when they are free. However, there are two disadvantages to the NC-OFDM system: out-of-band power (OBP) and a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). OBP arises due to side lobes of an NC-OFDM signal in the frequency domain, and it interferes with the spectrum for unlicensed users. A high PAPR occurs due to the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block used in an NC-OFDM system, and it induces nonlinear effects in power amplifiers. In this study, we propose an algorithm called “Alternative Projections onto Convex and Non-Convex Sets” that reduces the OBP and PAPR simultaneously. The alternate projections are performed onto these sets to form an iteration, and it converges to the specified limits of in-band-power, peak amplitude, and OBP. Furthermore, simulations show that the bit error rate performance is not degraded while reducing OBP and PAPR.     

Array‐based reader anti‐collision scheme for highly efficient RFID network applications

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a technology for identifying objects by radio signal. The reader collision problem is caused by the interrogation zones overlap of multiple readers, and leading to incorrect and unreliable data. This study proposes an array‐based reader anti‐collision scheme (ARCS) for solving the reader‐to‐tag interference problem. This mechanism uses array and grouping techniques to schedule the active readers to reduce the read cycle (RC) time. The ‘RC’ and ‘collision ratio (CR)’ measures serve as performance indexes in the proposed scheme. From ‘RC’ comparison, the ARCS mechanism has the maximum improvement of 55 per cent as compared with the existing mechanisms. Furthermore, take ‘CR’ index, ARCS has the maximum improvement of 42 per cent as compared to the others. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Robust Cognitive‐Radio‐Based OFDM Architecture with Adaptive Traffic Allocation in Time and Frequency

Cognitive radio (CR) has been proposed as an effective technology for flexible use of the radio spectrum. The interference between primary users and CR users, however, becomes a critical problem when they are using adjacent frequency channels with different transmission power levels. In this paper, a robust CR orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) architecture, which can effectively suppress interference to nearby primary users and overcome adjacent channel interference (ACI) to the CR user, is proposed. This new approach is characterized by adaptive data repetition for subcarriers under heavy ACI, and adaptive time spreading for subcarriers near the borders of the CR user's spectrum. The data repetition scheme provides extra power gain against the ACI coming from primary users. Time spreading guarantees an acceptable interference level to nearby primary users. By computer simulation, we demonstrate that, under a CR environment, the proposed CR OFDM architecture outperforms conventional OFDM systems in terms of throughput and BER performance.     

NC-OFDM系统旁瓣抑制中的可变干扰抵消基函数设计

在抑制非连续载波正交频分复用(Non-contiguous Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing,NC-OFDM)系统旁瓣的方法中,使用固定长度和矩形形状干扰抵消子载波的主动干扰抵消方法(Active Interference Cancellation,AIC)抑制深度不够,而其改进方法扩展AIC (Extended AIC)对数据子载波干扰又太大.本文发现插入在不同频段的干扰抵消子载波对旁瓣抑制的效果不同,并在此基础上提出对干扰抵消子载波按频率分组,不同组的干扰抵消子载波使用不同的长度与波形,从而提高对NC-OFDM信号旁瓣的抑制效果,同时减小了所引入的载波间干扰.仿真结果表明:采用本文提出的可变基函数方案,在达到-60dB的旁瓣抑制深度时,即使采用高阶的64-QAM符号映射(实验条件是误符号率为10^-5),干扰抵消信号对数据子载波造成的载波间干扰也几乎可以忽略.     

Novel Construction and Optimization of LDPC Codes for NC-OFDM Cognitive Radio Systems

In this paper, a random Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code is proposed for Noncontiguous Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (NC-OFDM) Cognitive Radio (CR) systems. Unlike other encoding schemes which achieve a system code rate of only 1/4 when half of the subcarriers are active, the proposed scheme achieves a system code rate of 1/2. The LDPC code is used to enhance the data transmission rate. A new channel model comprised of a binary erasure channel concatenated with an uncorrelated fading channel and an AWGN channel is adopted for NC-OFDM CR systems. Moreover, the adopted channel model is employed with density evolution algorithm to obtain good degree distribution pairs for the LDPC code. Thereafter, a modified shortest-path algorithm is used to construct the parity-check matrix for the LDPC code. Simulation results show that the proposed LDPC code performs well in terms of both error rate and data transmission rate.     

基于生存系统模型的认知无线电网络频谱管理自治系统设计

针对动态频谱接入和认知无线电技术对频谱管理的新要求,采用分层的频谱管理理念,基于生存系统模型(Viable System Model,VSM)设计适合认知无线电网络的频谱管理自治系统,该系统通过节点参与频谱管理,网络自我约束等措施,实现认知无线电网络对频谱的自治。最后,将该系统应用于一种异构网络共存的频管案例设计中,仿真分析表明:本文提出的基于VSM的频谱管理自治系统响应时间大幅度降低;认证效率为O(1),较传统方式性能有很大提升。     

Novel scheme for interference avoidance in cognitive radio based cellular networks

The cognitive radio (CR) technology is believed to improve the spectrum efficiency.However,the interference problem has become a critical issue due to the coexistence of primary systems and CR systems....     

A collaborative spectrum sensing scheme using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in cognitive radio

Cognitive Radio (CR) is a promising technology to solve the challenging spectrum scarcity problem.However,to implement CR,spectrum sensing is the groundwork and the precondition.In this paper,a collaborative spectrum sensing scheme using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is proposed.The final sensing decision of the proposed scheme is based on the combination of distributed sensing results of different Secondary Users (SUs).To improve the reliability of the sensing decision,the combination procedure takes into account the credibility of each SU,which is evaluated using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation.The effect of the presence of malicious SUs and malfunctioning SUs on the performance of the proposed scheme is also investigated.The efficiency of the scheme is validated through analysis and simulation.     

A novel PAPR reduction with trellis shaping for NC-OFDM in cognitive radio

In this paper,trellis shaping is applied to reducing the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of NC-OFDM signals due to the fact that the total number of active subcarriers and their locations might change continuously in a dynamic spectrum access network.A new branch metric of trellis shaping is proposed which reduces the PAPR of OFDM signals through minimizing the variance of the power by VA decoder.The overall performance considerably depends on the type of signal mapping,and therefore a new type of 64QAM mapping method is designed.Simulation results show that this scheme significantly reduces the PAPR.Finally,a significant phenomenon is demonstrated that the PAPR of NC-OFDM signals in which the deactivated carriers is distributed in the Bernoulli distribution has better performance than that of OFDM signals.     

无线通信领域的“下一个大事件”——认知无线电

认知无线电是在软件无线电基础上发展而来的能够自适应外界环境变化的智能无线通信系统,其核心思想是使无线通信设备具有发现"频谱空穴"并合理利用所发现的"频谱空穴"的能力。认知无线电的提出为从根本上解决日益增长的无线通信需求与有限的无线频谱资源之间的矛盾开辟了一条行之有效的新途径。从认知无线电技术的研究背景入手,综合阐述了认知无线电的定义及其特点、实现认知无线电的关键技术以及超宽带与认知无线电相结合的认知超宽带通信技术。