基于 VO2的温控可调谐极化无关超材料吸波体设计

基于二氧化钒（VO2）薄膜的绝缘-金属相变特性,提出了一种温控可调谐的极化无关超材料吸波体,研究了单环、双环和三环结构超材料吸波体对电磁波的吸收特性和温控可调谐特性。当电磁波垂直入射时,单环、双环和三环结构超材料吸波体在 2~20 GHz 范围内分别出现了 1 个、2 个和 3 个吸收峰,随着结构单元环数增加,吸收峰逐步增加;由于超材料吸波体是二维全向对称的,故其吸收特性是电磁波极化无关的;当温度从 40 ℃ 至 80 ℃变化时, 吸收特性发生明显的变化,实现了极化无关超材料吸波体的可调谐效果。     

Thue-Morse序列对光子带隙的影响

众所周知,在光子带隙材料/结构中电磁波存在两种传播模式。一种模式是,在不考虑材料/结构的吸收效应情况下,电磁波不随传播距离增大而衰减,人们称这种电磁波为正常传播模式的电磁波（简记为OPM EM waves,Ordinary-Propagation-Mode electromagnetic waves）。另一种模式是,电磁波随传播距离增大而衰减,人们称这种电磁波为衰减传播模式的电磁。     

新型纳米吸波涂层的研究

雷达吸波材料吸收电磁波的能力主要靠材料自身的电性能和磁性能业吸收一定频率范围内的电磁波。作者主要研制纳米材料作为新型的吸波材料的损耗介质，测量了β-Ni(OH)2、β-Ni(OH)2-Co、β-FeOOH和混合纳米粉末的频率反射特性。结果表明制备的纳米粉末不仅可以吸收电磁波，而且吸收性能优于其他一些常用的吸收材料，其最大吸收值可达40dB。     

屏蔽人体模型对电磁波吸收的数值模拟研究

本文用时域有限差分法计算了三类电磁特性不同的材料屏蔽下三层无限长椭圆柱人体模型对电磁波的吸收。结果表明 ,功率密度相同 ,频率在 0 .2～ 6GHz之间的平面电磁波照射下 ,模型吸收的能量、能量在体内的分布及两者对入射电磁波频率的敏感程度严重地受到外加屏蔽的影响。考察了屏蔽材料的电磁特性与其屏蔽效能之间的关系。三类材料的比较显示 ,对人体电磁辐射防护 ,耗散材料优于非耗散材料 ,导电材料优于非导电材料。     

基于电磁超材料的微波单向传输圆波导设计

微波隔离器是微波系统中不可或缺的器件,常见的隔离器都采用了铁氧体旋磁材料配合吸收负载实现电磁波的单向传输。这种器件虽然可以使电磁波单向传输,但是并不能改善能量的浪费问题,还增加了系统的复杂度。针对上述问题,本文基于电磁超材料设计了一种微波单向传输的圆波导,使用波导内壁涂覆折射率逐渐变化的材料来影响电磁波的传输特性,从而实现电磁波单向传输。本文给出了微波单向传输的电磁计算模型和超材料结构及属性,并通过简化这种超材料使其易于实现;最后通过电磁仿真分析了这种材料的电磁特性并给出了这种材料的实现方法。     

电磁防护材料专题

纳米Ni粉的表面改性及电磁波吸收性能研究；射频吸波材料波导测试法装置转换接头的仿真分析；非连续体吸波平板的设计制备及吸收机理分析；射频吸波材料测试的时域及频域分析。     

电磁防护材料专题

氧化铁-石墨／ABS复合材料制备及电磁屏蔽性能;碳纳米管负载纳米TiO2复合材料的制备及组织结构表征;正交排布碳纤维材料的电磁防护性能研究;电磁波屏蔽复合材料的研究进展;导电聚苯胺／羰基铁粉复合吸收效能的研究.     

楔体周期结构电磁波衰减的理论计算及数值模拟

微波吸收材料抑制表面对电磁波的反射有两种主要方法:一是根据传输线理论,通过材料配方改变材料电磁参数实现材料和空气的阻抗匹配;另一种是采用表面设计方法,包括复合结构层设计和将吸收表面设计成某种特殊的结构,实现对电磁波的回波衰减。本文采用等效传输线理论和几何光学原理分别对表面周期结构中的棱楔周期结构及其微波耗散机理进行了理论计算和数值模拟,得出了几点重要结论:(1)应使楔体周期宽度尽可能等于或接近电磁波波长,以实现良好的阻抗匹配;(2)楔体深度越大,阻抗匹配越好;(3)减小楔体夹角可增强回波衰减。以上结论对指导微波吸收材料的设计具有十分重要的意义。     

滤波线滤波作用机理的概述

介绍了电线可以通过屏蔽、滤波等方式实现电磁兼容,并进一步详述了电磁屏蔽衰减电磁波的机理及缺点。为了克服电磁屏蔽的缺点,在电线的表面加工一层吸波材料,这样的电线就是滤波线。滤波线的滤波机理是在阻抗匹配的前提下,电磁波能最大限度地进入滤波材料内部,在滤波材料内部电磁波衰减主要有电损耗和磁损耗,其中磁损耗主要由磁滞损耗、涡流损耗和剩余损耗引起。通过组合不同吸收特性的滤波材料,可以使滤波线将高频波段的电磁波滤掉,只允许低频波段的电磁波通过。     

纳米吸波材料的物理实质及研究进展

吸波材料是隐身技术的关键材料,纳米材料由于其特殊的量子尺寸效应和隧道效应等产生的优良的电磁波吸收性能而受到世界各国的重视．本文简单介绍了吸波材料的工作原理,进而阐述了纳米吸波材料吸收电磁波的物理实质．详细介绍了纳米涂敷型吸波材料和纳米结构型吸波材料的研究现状,并对纳米吸波材料的发展趋势进行了展望．     

高性能中空截头角锥复合型EMC吸波材料设计

CISPR 22和ANSIC 63．4规定的归一化场地衰减（NSA）不大于±4dB,从EMC半电波暗室本征特性要求出发,精心计算和设计,NSA可以达到±2dB,由此可求出达到此目的的吸波材料吸波性能的目标值,从而设计和制造出满足此要求的中空截头角锥复合型吸波材料。     

Investigation of substrate materials for graphene oxide absorber loaded antenna array increased ambient temperature

Photonic Network Communications - Integration of electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber with patch antenna array on single substrate provides a very efficient way to improve the radiation pattern of...     

Design and analysis of an ultrathin triple-band polarization independent metamaterial absorber

In this paper, an ultrathin triple-band polarization insensitive metamaterial (MTM) absorber has been presented for C-band applications. The proposed structure is explained as a combination of two absorbers, named as Absorber-I and Absorber-II. It exhibit 91%, 98.9% and 99.5% absorptivity at 4.2 GHz, 7 GHz and 7.4 GHz frequencies respectively. Absorber-I and Absorber-II are individually responsible for the origin of two separate frequency bands at 4.2 GHz and 7 GHz respectively. Further, mutual coupling between Absorber-I and Absorber-II is responsible to generate one more absorption band at the frequency of 7.4 GHz. The fourfold symmetric nature of the proposed unit cell provides polarization insensitivity phenomena. The absorbing mechanism of the designed absorber has been explained by two methods. One is by plotting input impedance of the absorber. Another one is by analyzing the EM wave propagation inside the structure. The proposed absorber has been fabricated and simulation results are experimentally verified.     

An Electrical Switch‐Driven Flexible Electromagnetic Absorber

The development of a thin, tunable, and high‐performance flexible electromagnetic (EM) absorbing device that aims to solve signal interference or EM pollution is highly desirable but remains a great challenge. Herein, demonstrated is a flexible electrical‐driven device constructed by an insulated organic‐polymer substrate, carrier transmission layer, and core–shell structured absorber, enabling a narrow and tunable effective absorption region (f_E < 2.0 GHz) by controlling the external voltage toward this challenge. As a key design element, the selected absorber consists of an Sn/SnS/SnO₂ core and C shell, which exhibits an exceptional dielectric‐response ability at a small voltage, which is attributed to desirable carrier mobility and excitable carriers. Multiple f_E‐tuning regions (maximum up to 7.0), covering 90% of C‐band can be achieved for Sn/SnS/SnO₂@C‐based flexible device by selecting a low voltage (2–12 V). The strategy developed here may open a new avenue toward the design of flexible intelligent EM device for practical applications.     

Lightweight Ni Foam-Based Ultra-Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorber

Skin effect and high density are the main reasons that restrict the search of lightweight and high-performance metal-based electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing materials. Although nanostructured metal materials have been fabricated to solve above problems, poor dispersibility and chemical stability issues brought about by high surface energy due to existing nano-size effect. In this work, lightweight Ni foam with NiO/NiFe₂O₄ in situ growth composites are fabricated by a facile and universal route as an effective alternative to high-performance metal-based EM wave absorber. Impressively, it is found that the foam structure and NiO/NiFe₂O₄/Ni components can synergistically boost EM wave absorption capacity. In detail, impedance matching from foam structure and energy dissipation from interfacial polarization and defect induced polarization provided by NiO/NiFe₂O₄ mainly contributes to its ultra-broadband EM wave absorption performance. As a result, the as-prepared sample (0.06 g·cm⁻³) delivers a wide absorption bandwidth of 14.24 GHz and thin thickness of 0.6 mm, as well as, high specific effective absorption bandwidth of 19444.4 GHz·g⁻¹·cm⁻². This work sheds light on the novel view on the synergistic effect of structure and components on EM wave absorption behaviors and demonstrates a new pathway for preparation of lightweight and high-performance metal-based EM wave absorbers.     

Propagation of EM pulses excited by an electric dipole in aconducting medium

Exact solutions are given for the transient electromagnetic (EM) fields excited by an electric dipole antenna with an impulsive current in a conducting medium. There exists an optimum waveform for the antenna current which can generate an EM pulse with a maximum intensity at a particular distance from the antenna. It is found that the EM fields of an EM pulse excited by an antenna in a conducting medium can be divided into two parts. The first part is an impulse wave which propagates with the speed of light (1/√(μϵ)) and decays exponentially. The second part builds up gradually and propagates slowly, and more importantly this part attenuates as an inverse power of distance which is a much slower rate than an exponential decay     

Improved performance of perovskite solar cells through using (FA)x(MA)1-xPbI3 optical absorber layer

In this work, the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated with the bandgap-tunable (FA)x(MA)1-xPbI3 absorber layers through a facile two-stage deposition route. The doping was realized by adding the formamidinium iodide (FAI) into a precursor MAI solution. Both the surface morphology and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) were conducted to evaluate the absorber layers or solar cells. After the optimization, the best PSC performance of 14.73% was achieved at a nominal FAI content of 12.5 at.%. The performance enhancement was attributed to both the enhancement of visible light harvesting and carrier transport capability. Besides, the stability of a PSC device based on the single MAPbI3 absorber layer was also investigated, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.27 % remained even after laying in vacuum for 10 days.     

Large Annular Dipoles Bounded between Single-Atom Co and Co Cluster for Clarifying Electromagnetic Wave Absorbing Mechanism

It is very challenging to demonstrate the intrinsic feature and absorption mechanism for electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber since dipole polarization loss is always discussed together with magnetic loss, conductive loss, defects/interfacial polarization, and so on. To address this issue, here, a kind of atomic composites is reported, including single-atom Co and Co cluster with controllable atom dipole to tune the polarization and establish the link between dipole polarization and the EM wave absorption. Using a chemical synthesis route, the atomic composites are fabricated, including Co single-atom (SA) sites and cluster (Cs) on nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon (Co_1+Cs/NGC). Due to the special design, the effect of magnetic loss, conductive loss, and interfacial polarization on EM wave dissipation can be ignored so that it can only highlight dielectric loss caused by dipole polarization. And, by controlling the Co atoms concentration, it can tune the valence state of Co atoms between 0 to +2 to control dipole polarization and relaxation. As a result, the Co_1+Cs/NGC-2 with Co concentration of 6.0 wt% exhibits optimized dipole moments and thus excellent absorption performance (the reflection loss exceeds −54.3 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth with RL ≤−10 dB reaches 7.0 GHz at 2.0 mm) due to the effective dipole polarization caused by the large annular dipole bounded between Co SA sites and Co Cs. This study proposes a simplified model to clarify EM wave absorption mechanism from atom view.     

Channel characterization of EM waves propagation at MHz frequency through seawater

Electromagnetic (EM) communication is considered as a suitable physical layer choice for SeaWater. SeaWater EM communication presents advantages over acoustic and optical in shallow water and deep oceans.Theoretical analysis of EM wave propagation in SeaWater helps us to estimate maximum distance covered in SeaWater at multiple depth points up to 5500 m. Mathematics of EM propagation in SeaWater (conducting medium) shows dependence on f (Hz), ? (F/m), and σ(S/m) of transmission medium. This paper presents channel characteristics of EM waves propagation at 1 to 20 MHz frequency through SeaWater based on real time data of SeaWater T (C°) and S(ppt) for averaged decades from 1955 to 2012 up to 5500 m.We estimated SeaWater σ (S/m), ?_r (F/m) (using Stogryns model), α (Np/m) (using Helmholtz model), Z(ohms), f_T(Hz), v_p(m/second), τ(second), and P_r(dBm) (using Maxwell equations and Friis law). Analysis of these parameters against multiple depths of SeaWater and frequencies shows that we can not assume constant σ (S/m) (4), ?_r (F/m) (81), f_T (Hz) (888 MHz),v_p(m/second) (3.33?10⁷), and τ (second) (8.2?10^?12) for SeaWater. Estimated P_r(dBm) helped us to analyze that for lower transmission frequencies (means higher ) and for lower σ(S/m), P_r(dBm) decays linearly. While for higher frequencies (means lower ) and for higher σ(S/m), P_r(dBm) faces sudden exponential decay. That negates sudden exponential delay (in general) of P_r(dBm) in SeaWater; it was only possible by assuming constant SeaWater ?_r (F/m) and σ(S/m). Our paper illustrates radio frequency communication for SeaWater in 1 to 20 MHz range and also provides comprehensive performance analysis using MATLAB simulation tool.     

Expanding the Bandwidth of TEM Cells for EMC Measurements

This paper discusses the development of a modified (absorber-loaded) transverse electromagnetic TEM cell with expanded bandwidth for use in accurately characterizing electromagnetic interference (EMI) fields within a shielded environment. The cell is analyzed experimentally, both before and after the modification, to determine its radio-frequency (RF) characteristics, both as an RF transmission line and as an electromagnetic (EM) field simulator or detector. Comparative measurements are given to show the performance of the modified versus the unmodified cell in parameters such as voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR), insertion loss, test-field uniformity, and reverse-coupling characteristics. The results of these measurements indicate an approximate two-fold increase in the upper useful frequency of the modified cell. An example of using the cell to evaluate the radiated emissions from a common electronic module (microprocessor timing circuit) is given. Finally, the technique of absorber loading is extended to larger cells, specifically a 3- × 3- × 6-m cell.