多业务CDMA系统快速自适应呼叫准入控制算法

为了保证干扰受限多业务CDMA移动通信系统工作稳定可靠,必须有效、快速、准确地控制接入系统中的各类业务的用户数目,这一任务由呼叫准入控制(CAC)算法来完成.本文提出的基于门限比较的快速自适应CAC (FACAC)算法与传统的同类算法相比,具有判决速度快、判决精度高、门限自适应和简单易行等特点.仿真结果验证了理论推导的正确性,表明FACAC算法的中断特性优于传统CAC算法60%以上,系统服务等级(GoS)优23%左右(系统业务负荷较高时).     

一种基于信号差值斜率的TD-SCDMA切换研究

TD-SCDMA移动通信系统在上行同步、智能天线和联合检测等一系列最新技术的基础上,采用了接力切换技术,它是TD-SCDMA移动通信系统关键技术之一。但现有的接力切换算法均依据信号差的绝对值设置判决门限。为了应对移动用户移动速度的不同和无线环境的差异情况下对切换决策的不同要求,提出了一种基于信号差值门限斜率的TD-SCDMA系统内切换判决时延算法。通过系统动态仿真,得出在选择合适的门限斜率值时,该切换算法与现有的算法相比更具有较好的切换率和掉线率性能。     

异构无线网络中基于SINR和层次分析法的SAW垂直切换算法研究

B3G或者4G无线网络体系致力于集成各种异构无线接入网络,其中一个主要的设计课题是支持垂直切换的研究。该文将多属性QoS考虑在内,针对各业务特点,提出一种基于SINR(信干噪比)和层次分析法(AHP)的SAW(简单加权法)垂直切换算法(SASAW)。它综合考虑SINR的影响以及要获得同等数据速率情况下,目标网络需要的等效SINR数值、用户通信代价、网络可用带宽等来构造属性矩阵做切换判决。为了评估性能,考虑3GPP定义的4类业务,利用层次分析法中的特征向量法来决定各个QoS属性之间的权重关系,构造比较判决矩阵并检验其一致性;根据判决矩阵,利用特征根法获得权重向量;最后根据属性矩阵和权重向量,利用SAW垂直切换算法进行判决。通过对算法的通过率、丢话率、垂直切换次数、平均用户代价等的性能比较,结果表明该文提出的算法能够根据各业务特点综合考虑各属性间关系,获得优良的系统性能。     

异构无线网络的自适应垂直切换判决算法

在未来的异构环境中,网络间的垂直切换将对QoS保证产生重要影响。针对移动终端在异构网络间切换不理想的问题,提出了一种自适应的垂直切换判决算法。采用基于用户多应用的代价函数对接入网络进行评估与选择,综合考虑移动终端当前的电池电量,判断当前业务是否需要进行网络切换,使移动终端能自适应地进行切换判决。仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效地延长移动终端的工作时间,减少乒乓效应,提高系统的切换性能,改善业务的QoS。     

有限反馈中继系统基于业务速率的跨层调度算法

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)中继系统中用户不同业务速率需求的应用场景,该文提出了一种基于用户业务速率的反馈机制(Considering Traffic Rate Feedback, CTRF)。CTRF根据业务速率动态调整用户的反馈效用函数值,并与反馈门限比较判决用户是否反馈,从而减少系统的反馈量。同时,提出了一种基于业务队列公平性(Traffic Queue Proportional Fair, TQPF)的跨层调度准则。在此基础上,给出了一种联合CTRF与TQPF的支持不同业务速率的减少反馈调度算法(CTRF-TQPF)。理论和仿真结果表明,CTRF可以有效地减少反馈量,CTRF-TQPF算法可以有效保障用户的不同业务需求,降低系统的丢包率。     

大气湍流影响下基于自适应判决门限的逆向调制自由空间光通信系统误码率性能分析

推导了最优误码率(BER)性能对应的判决门限计算公式,并在此判决门限基础上,推导出大气湍流影响下基于自适应判决门限的逆向调制(MRR)自由空间光通信(FSOC)系统BER解析表达式,推导过程考虑了判决门限本身的干扰和探测器噪声的影响。根据所推导的表达式,仿真研究自适应判决门限参数和调制消光比对BER的影响,仿真结果表明:自适应判决门限系统BER性能优于固定判决门限17.5dB(误码率为10-5,弱湍流),并且当训练数据比特位数大于3时,自适应判决门限系统的BER性能与根据瞬时信道状态信息计算判决门限系统的BER性能相近。     

集成Ad Hoc和移动蜂窝网络系统的切换算法

传统切换算法不能适应多准则切换的要求,基于多准则切换算法的实现越来越重要,必须发展新的技术来提高切换算法的有效性,在用户满意度和网络效率间形成平衡。智能和优化切换算法对像集成自组网(Ad hoc)和蜂窝网络结构的混合网络具有很好的适应性和鲁棒性,能够根据未来混合网络中的各种业务类型的服务质量需求、网络状态以及移动节点条件等多种因素的变化进行自适应切换,可以运用这些智能优化算法来进行更加有效的切换判决,从而提高系统的性能。更进一步的研究方向是在集成Ad hoc和蜂窝网络的环境下,使用智能或优化技术设计垂直切换算法来提高系统整体性能。     

一种改进基于门限的稀疏码多址接入低复杂度多用户检测算法

稀疏码多址接入(Sparse Code Multiple Access, SCMA)作为一种基于多维码本的非正交多址技术,能有效满足5G的巨连接、高频谱效率和毫秒级时延需求。针对基于门限的消息传递算法(Message Passing Algorithm, MPA)存在低门限时误比特率(Bit Error Rate, BER)较高的问题,该文提出一种改进的SCMA多用户检测算法。所提出的算法在基于门限MPA的基础上,增加了对用户节点稳定性必要条件的判决,即只有符合门限条件并通过用户节点稳定性必要条件判决的用户才能被提前解码。这提高了提前判决码字的可靠性并减少了因变相硬判的检测机制造成的后验软信息损失。与基于门限的MPA相比,所提出的算法可使消息在低门限时迭代得更加充分,从而在低门限时仍然能够使SCMA用户获得较好的BER性能。仿真结果表明,在低门限时采用该文所提出的算法SCMA用户BER性能明显好于仅采用基于门限的MPA的BER性能。     

认知无线电中基于阵列天线和协方差矩阵的频谱感知算法

该文提出一种基于阵列天线和协方差矩阵的频谱感知算法,该算法能够在噪声不确定性的条件下进行盲频谱感知。该算法在协方差矩阵的基础上,构建新的检测统计量,推导判决门限,对检测统计量与判决门限进行比较进而做出最终判决;在主用户信号到达方向与认知用户接收天线法线方向不一致的情况下,为使认知用户能完全接收主用户信号,利用了阵列天线技术。仿真结果表明,与Zeng等人(2009)提出的绝对值协方差矩阵频谱感知算法(Covariance Absolute Value Spectrum Sensing, CAVSS)相比,该算法判决门限的计算方法更加准确;在相同条件下,该算法的检测概率高于CAVSS。     

TD-SCDMA系统接力切换研究与仿真

研究了TD-SCDMA系统接力切换算法,包括切换候选小区的选择、Hysteresis-Threshold算法。对算法进行了大量仿真实验,得到在不同业务速率情况下在切换门限参数取值变化时,相应的系统性能参数的变化曲线,给出切换门限参数建议值。     

A call admission control scheme for packet data in CDMA cellular communications

In wireless cellular communication systems, call admission control (CAC) is to ensure satisfactory services for mobile users and maximize the utilization of the limited radio spectrum. In this paper, we propose a new CAC scheme for a code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless cellular network supporting heterogeneous self-similar data traffic. In addition to ensuring transmission accuracy at the bit level, the CAC scheme guarantees service requirements at both the call level and the packet level. The grade of service (GoS) at the call level and the quality of service (QoS) at the packet level are evaluated using the handoff call dropping probability and the packet transmission delay, respectively. The effective bandwidth approach for data traffic is applied to guarantee QoS requirements. Handoff probability and cell overload probability are derived via the traffic aggregation method. The two probabilities are used to determine the handoff call dropping probability, and the GoS requirement can be guaranteed on a per call basis. Numerical analysis and computer simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CAC scheme can meet both QoS and GoS requirements and achieve efficient resource utilization.     

Media Independent Handover-based Competitive On-Line CAC for Seamless Mobile Wireless Networks

In Media Independent Handover (MIH), Call Admission Control (CAC) and Vertical Handoff (VH) are two important mechanisms in a Mobile Wireless Networks (MWNs) that consists of various types of wireless networks (e.g., WiMAX and WiFi) and cellular communications (e.g., 3G, 3.5G and 4G). First, an adaptive CAC is needed in base stations for achieving high network reward while guaranteeing QoS requirements. Second, an efficient vertical handoff enables mobile stations accomplishing seamless, fast, QoS-aware mobility in MWNs. In CAC, several studies have proposed the mechanisms: the static resource reservation-based, bandwidth borrow-based and Markov chain model-based approaches. They suffer from moderate performance in Grade of Service (GoS), Fractional Reward Loss (FRL) and transmission quality. In VH, it should consider both the received signal strength (RSS) and the service-class mapping between the serving and target networks. Most studies adopted the integration of a RSS-based method with hysteresis to minimize unnecessary handoffs, but high handoff dropping and low network utilization limit the contributions. This work thus proposes a MIH-based competitive on-line (COL) CAC for vertical handoff in a loosely-coupled MWN. First, in a base station (BS) the COL CAC models the resource occupancy of each wireless network in a MWN as a Markov chain model, and then forms a cost-reward CAC for maximizing network reward. Second, in MS the VH scheme adopts a predictive RSS to predict the moving trend of each mobile station to select the optimal target network. Numerical results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms other approaches in GoS, FRL and the number of vertical handoffs while yielding competitive utilization.     

Performance evaluation of priority based adaptive multiguard channel call admission control for multiclass services in mobile networks

The CAC (call admission control), which can guarantee call services to meet their QoS (Quality of Service) requirements, plays a significant role in providing QoS in wireless mobile networks. In this paper, an adaptive multiguard channel scheme‐based CAC strategy is proposed to prioritize traffic types and handoff calls. The major aim of the study is to develop the analytical model of the priority traffic and handoff calls based adaptive multiguard channel scheme and examining the performance through setting the value of the adaptive ratio parameters. Our proposed scheme tries to mediate the advantages and drawbacks of the static and dynamic CAC schemes. The proposed scheme is quite different from previous studies because multithreshold values have been considered for multiclass traffic by adaption parameters, and a closed form analytical model is developed The numerical results show that this scheme can be used to keep the targeted QoS requirement by suitably setting the adaptive ratio parameters. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Joint connection-level and packet-level quality-of-service support for VBR traffic in wireless multimedia networks

In this paper, we investigate call admission control (CAC) schemes that can jointly provide connection-level quality-of-service (QoS) (in terms of the new call blocking probability and the handoff dropping probability) and packet-level QoS (in terms of the packet loss probability) for wireless multimedia networks. Stationary CAC schemes are proposed as the results of the solution to constrained optimization problems. A dynamic CAC scheme that can be adapted to varied and varying traffic conditions dynamically is also proposed. The proposed CAC schemes are computationally efficient and easy to implement, thus being suitable for real-time system deployment. Simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed dynamic CAC scheme achieves better performance when applied to realistic traffic conditions found in wireless multimedia networks.     

Call admission control in wideband CDMA cellular networks by using fuzzy logic

In this paper, a novel call admission control (CAC) scheme using fuzzy logic is proposed for the reverse link transmission in wideband code division multiple access (CDMA) cellular communications. The fuzzy CAC scheme first estimates the effective bandwidths of the call request from a mobile station (MS) and its mobility information, then makes a decision to accept or reject the connection request based on the estimation and system resource availability. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy CAC scheme in terms of new call blocking probability/handoff call dropping probability, outage probability, and resource utilization.     

QoS Performance Bounds and Efficient Connection Admission Control for Heterogeneous Services in Wireless Cellular Networks

Quality-of-Service (QoS) performance and connection admission control (CAC) for heterogeneous services in wireless multiple access networks are investigated. The heterogeneous services include constant bit rate (CBR), variable bit rate (VBR) and available bit rate (ABR) services. Multiple access control is handled by a polling-based scheme with non-preemptive priority. Tight delay variation (jitter) bounds for CBR connections and delay bounds for VBR connections are derived. A CAC scheme based on the derived bounds is developed. The CAC makes use of user mobility information to reserve an appropriate amount of system resources for potential handoff connections to achieve low handoff connection dropping rate (HCDR). Simulation results show that the proposed CAC scheme can achieve both low HCDR and high resource utilization.     

Call admission control for CDMA mobile communications systems supporting multimedia services

The call admission control (CAC) belongs to the category of resource management. Since the radio spectrum is very scarce resource, CAC is one of the most important engineering issues for mobile communications. In this paper, we propose a CAC scheme for direct sequence code-division multiple-access cellular systems supporting mobile multimedia communications services. There are multiple call classes in multimedia services and the required signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) varies with call classes. Call admission decision in the proposed scheme is based on SIR measurement. We take account of the traffic asymmetry between uplink and downlink, which is the most important characteristic of multimedia traffic. In addition, the proposed scheme guarantees the priority of handoff call requests over new call requests. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme using Markov analysis. The performance measures which we focus on are the system throughput and the blocking probabilities of handoff calls and new calls. The outage probability of a call in progress is also calculated, which is the probability that the measured bit energy-to-noise density ratio of the call is smaller than the required value for maintaining adequate transmission quality. We present some numerical examples with practically meaningful parameter values and, as a result, show that the proposed CAC scheme can operate well in the mobile multimedia systems such as the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) systems.     

Service based CAC with QoS guarantee in mobile wireless cellular networks

The increasing variety and complexity of traffic in today's mobile wireless networks means that there are more restrictions placed on a network in order to guarantee the individual requirements of the different traffic types and users. Call admission control (CAC) plays a vital role in achieving this. In this paper, we propose a CAC scheme for multiple service systems where the predicted call usage of each service is used to make the admission decision. Our scheme enables real‐time traffic to be transmitted using shared bandwidth without quality of service (QoS) requirements being exceeded. This ensures that the utilization of the available wireless bandwidth is maximized. Information about the channel usage of each service is used to estimate the capacity of the cell in terms of the number of users that can achieve a certain bit error rate (BER). Priorities assigned to each service are used to allocate the network capacity. An expression for the handoff dropping probability is derived, and the maximum acceptance rate for each service that results in the estimated dropping probability not exceeding its QoS requirements is calculated. Each call is then accepted with equal probability throughout the duration of a control period. Achieved QoS during the previous control period is used to update the new call acceptance rates thus ensuring the dropping probability remains below the specified threshold. Simulations conducted in a wideband CDMA environment with conversational, streaming, interactive and background sources show that the proposed CAC can successfully meet the hard restraint on the dropping probability and guarantee the required BER for multiple services. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多载波蜂窝移动通信系统中的多业务切换算法

提出一种用于多载波蜂窝移动通信系统的子信道合并切换算法。采用多维Markov链对子信道合并切换算法进行系统建模分析,得到了呼叫阻塞率、切换阻塞率等关键系统性能参数的解析结果。与切换保护信道算法相比,子信道合并切换算法在对其他类型呼叫性能影响很小的前提下,改善了对带宽要求较高的业务的切换性能。该算法还可以与其他资源预留切换算法相结合,改善其性能。