一种基于极化线栅的微波辐射计变温定标源研究

根据极化线栅的准光学的极化分离原理,设计了由极化线栅、人造黑体和冷空构成的新型线栅定标源.定标源通过极化线栅的旋转混合人造黑体和冷空的辐射能量,从而输出亮温变化可控的微波辐射,为微波辐射计外定标提供人造变温源,解决了低频段大口径天线辐射计的外定标难题.通过定标实验验证,极化线栅在L波段的透过率优于99.3%,反射率达到98.4%,线栅定标源的亮温呈正弦规律变化,变化范围为8~248K,实验结果与设计目标相吻合.     

数字全极化微波辐射计系统设计与定标分析

海洋风场是海洋与大气作用的重要参数之一。全极化微波辐射计是一种新型的微波遥感器。数字全极化微波辐射计采用多路数字相关技术,对水平和垂直极化信号进行相关处理,产生反演海面风场模型所需海面亮温Stokes矢量。详细介绍了数字全极化微波辐射计的系统设计方法,包括射频前端、中频段和数字相关器的设计。同时给出了系统内定标以及外定标方法。对数字全极化微波辐射计做了细致的理论分析和硬件实现设计。     

星载微波辐射计定标及误差分析

微波辐射计是气象卫星对地观测微波遥感重要仪器之一,通过接收被观测场景辐射的微波能量来探测目标的特性.而微波辐射定标是微波遥感探测资料定量化应用的基础.以目前气象卫星的微波辐射计以此为例,对微波辐射计的定标方法进行了概述,并对微波辐射计的定标误差进行了分析和估算.     

基于全链路仿真的静止轨道毫米波大气探测性能

针对我国发展地球静止轨道(GEO)毫米波大气探测技术的迫切需求与实践空白,采用我国候选的GEO实孔大气探测仿真实验研究,对台风场景下GEO观测亮温精度和探测大气温湿廓线精度及其影响因素进行了定量分析与评估。结果表明,辐射计载荷的两个关键要素——天线波束宽度和噪声——对不同频率通道亮温精度的影响程度有较大差异;在当前的GEO辐射计载荷指标下,静止轨道毫米波大气温湿廓线探测精度与极轨相当;GEO新增的可为我国静止轨道毫米波大气探测载荷设计与应用提供理论依据和科学指导。     

基于宽带匹配技术的C波段宽带有源微波冷噪声源设计

针对微波辐射计在同一频段内多通道定标时对稳定宽带低温定标源的需求，结合有源微波冷噪声源的工作原理和宽带匹配技术，提出了一种C波段宽带有源微波冷噪声源的设计方案，并对传统匹配网络结构进行了改进，从而显著地提升了器件的工作带宽，最终使用Avago公司的ATF38143型场效应管设计了一款C波段宽带有源微波冷噪声源。经测试，在常温条件下，该器件在中心频点为6.8 GHz,带宽为1 GHz的范围内输出的最低噪声温度为150.31 K,可应用于多通道C波段微波辐射计的定标工作。同时分析了该器件输出噪声温度受直流偏置电压、环境温度变化的影响，分析结果有助于具体工程应用。     

地基微波辐射计和太阳光度计反演大气水汽总量的对比研究

水汽是地球大气的重要成分,对大气中传输的红外辐射造成严重的衰减,影响光电设备的探测性能。利用改进的Langley法对太阳光度计940nm探测通道进行定标,根据水汽吸收透过率与水汽总量的关系,应用太阳辐射计的观测资料反演出合肥和新疆两地的大气水汽总量,并与同时期地基微波辐射计在以上两地区的探测值相比较。结果表明：地基微波辐射计观测的水汽总量日变化趋势和太阳光度计具有较好的一致性,二者观测的日均水汽总量变化趋势非常吻合,相对偏差小于5.1%。     

实时定标微波辐射计

本文提出了一种新形式的微波辐射计,即实时定标微波辐射计。这种体制的微波辐射计具有的特点是:不受增益波动的影响,不受本机噪声变化的影响,能够提供连续的定标,动态范围宽等。制作了一台C波段实时定标微波辐射计,积分时间为0.2s,灵敏度为0.2K,线性度为0.9990,适应于地面、机载和星载微波遥感。     

星载辐射计接收定标系统灵敏度测试与分析

灵敏度是衡量星载微波辐射计性能好坏的重要指标,直接影响着成像质量。为验证星载辐射计是否满足观测需求,利用两点定标方法测试了接收及定标系统灵敏度,分析影响接收及定标系统灵敏度的主要因素和灵敏度测试精确度。结果表明接收定标系统在D波段F频点灵敏度优于0.86 K,测试精确度优于0.1 K,可通过优化准光学馈电网络设计,减小通道插入损耗,进一步提高接收及系统灵敏度。     

综合孔径微波辐射计成像观测能力

对综合孔径微波辐射计成像观测原理进行了阐述,分析了综合孔径微波辐射计的灵敏度、积分时间、天线波束宽度、目标亮温、背景噪声温度、系统工作频率和目标等效截面等因素与系统作用距离的关系,对系统的目标观测能力进行仿真验证,探讨了阵列通道不一致等误差的补偿方法。研究成果将有助于综合孔径微波辐射计的实用化推进。     

机载全极化微波辐射计系统设计及海面亮温的提取方法

机载全极化微波辐射计（Airborne full Polarization Microwave Radiometer,APMR）是国家重大科技基础设施航空遥感系统的主要载荷之一，用于获取来自地球表面和大气的微波辐射电场的极化信息，从而反演地球表面和大气的物理参数. APMR是一个5频点的被动微波遥感器，中心频点分别为10.7 GHz,18.7 GHz,23.8 GHz,37.0 GHz和90 GHz.其中，23.8 GHz和90 GHz采用水平和垂直极化接收方式；10.7 GHz,18.7 GHz和37.0 GHz采用全极化接收方式，同时接收观测场景辐射的4个Stokes参数亮温.该文在介绍我国第一台机载全极化微波辐射计APMR系统主要技术特点和基本性能指标的基础上，提出了由辐射计输出参数进行全极化定标、再进行海面亮温提取的二级数据处理方法，从而得到海面亮温的4个Stokes参数信息，其可用于海面风向、风速等参数的反演. APMR于2020年6月在东营进行了海上的搭载飞行试验，从实验结果中提取到的海面亮温与预期情况一致，这使仪器的工作性能以及海面亮温的提取方法得到验证，为未来机载平台获...     

On a wing and a prayer

Aircraft giants Boeing and Airbus are pinning their hopes on very different visions of how air travel will evolve in the coming decade.     

一年之间，物换星移

去年的这个时候,供货商们还在为生存而挣扎。如今,2009年的年报已经公布,许多供应商的年报业绩之好,就连最乐观的分析师也始料未及。这种变化的原因很简单：供应商们大幅削减成本,接下来是强劲的需求,这又导致了随后高企的设备利用率。     

Building a in a flash supercomputer

A flash mob is a group of strangers, organized over the Internet, that comes together briefly, acts out a predetermined scenario-often something as simple as clapping for 30 seconds-and then disperses. A supercomputer is a very fast and powerful computer that outperforms most mainframes, at a cost, typically, of millions of dollars. Can a flash mob build a supercomputer? It can sure try, and so it did on 3 April at the University of San Francisco's Koret athletic center. The goal was to run the Linpack benchmark, a standard method of assessing the speed of supercomputers, to achieve a speed of at least 403 gigaflops (billion floating point operations per second). This would be fast enough to earn the system a place on the list of the world's fastest 500 supercomputers. The goal was not reached. The group reached just 180 gigaflops before it was time to pack up the computers and go home. However, even though the San Francisco effort fell short of speed goal, it did ignite imaginations.     

Cooperative control of a human and a robot manipulator for positioning a cart on a frictionless plane

Robots may be expected to execute some tasks in cooperation with humans. Control systems for such robots should be appropriate to adapt to human characteristics in order to successfully accomplish the task. Pushing a cart on a frictionless plane in cooperation with a human is a basic example to such a task. To control the motion of an object from one point to another on a frictionless plane is impossible by only pushing in one direction without supporting it in the opposite direction, since as soon as the force is applied, the object will move without stopping its motion. In this paper, compliant cooperative positioning of a cart on a frictionless plane by a human and a manipulator is proposed using impedance control method with the parameters obtained from human–human cooperation.     

The measurement of a large antenna using a spacecraft as a receiver

Two computational methods for obtaining the gain pattern of a large antenna using power levels recorded by a spacecraft are developed from the transmission equation. Nominally, the large antenna is linearly polarized while the spacecraft's receiving antennas are circularly polarized. Since the spacecraft has no attitude control system, the orientation of the receiving antennas is not known a priori nor its orientation the same from orbit to orbit. The first method relies on an independent spacecraft attitude determination system to furnish the orientation of the receiving antennas. It combines this information with receiving-antenna gain measurements to give the power level of the incident radiation. Losses due to polarization mismatch are taken into account, but polarization loss factors are not actually computed. The second method relates simultaneous measurements made by separate channels with separate receiving antennas. By solving a system of equations numerically, one can determine the direction of the incident radiation as well as its power level. This alleviates the need for an attitude determination system. These methods originated in the operations of the spacecraft NUSAT1 (northern Utah Satellite)     

Analysis of a coupled slotline on a double-layered substratecontaining a magnetized ferrite

Nonreciprocity in the propagation characteristics of the even and odd modes in magnetized-ferrite-loaded double-layered coupled slotlines is studied. The analysis is based on Galerkin's method applied in the Fourier transform domain. Numerical results are presented for various values of structural parameters. As a result, it is found that the waveguide structures studied have sufficient nonreciprocity in propagation constants for isolators and four port circulators     

基于智能手机压电基片上微液滴位置分析章

为了降低微流分析成本,该文提出了基于智能手机检测压电基片上目标微液滴方法,并开发出相应的应用软件,通过分析微液滴颜色信息和几何信息定位目标微液滴位置,结合分析时间获取微液滴输运速度。为验证提出方法的正确性,以5 μL黑色墨水溶液微液滴为研究对象,进行压电基片上微液滴识别和位置分析实验。结果表明,该文所提方法和开发的应用软件可识别和定位压电基片上微液滴,在功率为27.5 dBm时,第2~10 s段内微液滴输运速度为0.416 mm/s。     

构建完整工业ADC接口的微控制器和调制器

设计师们通常使用0mA～20mA和0V～10V的隔离输入作为工业应用控制的信号.由隔离电源、Analog Devices AD7400调制器内置隔离及TexasInstruments MSP430微控制器共同为工业设计师要求的一种完整、隔离且可靠的模拟信号接口创建一种设计.