近化学计量比掺镁铌酸锂晶体周期极化特性研究

采用汽相输运平衡技术制备出了高质量近化学计量比掺镁铌酸锂晶体 ,系统研究了晶体中的 [Li]/ [Nb]比含量对其畴极化电场的影响 .实验结果表明 :随着晶体中 [Li]/ [Nb]比的提高 ,畴极化反转电场呈明显下降趋势 ,使用近化学计量比掺镁铌酸锂晶体 ,我们在 3.5± 0 .1kV/mm大小的外加极化电场条件下 ,成功地实现了 1.0mm厚度的周期极化畴反转 .我们用铌酸锂晶体的缺陷模型对实验结果给出了合理的解释 .     

基于PPLN晶体的可调谐太赫兹波辐射特性研究

提出了一种周期极化铌酸锂(PPLN)晶体差频产生太 赫兹(THz)波的新型结构。基于非线性晶体三波互作用理论模型,根据周 期极化掺镁铌酸锂(PPMgLN)晶体的准相位匹配原理和掺铒光纤激光器(EDFL)双波长输出激光 特性,并结合晶体折 射率差公式,理论分析了工作温度及极化反转光栅周期对其输出THz波的影响,给出 一定频率范围内其 输出波长连续可调谐的实现方法。本文系统结构简单、成本低和调谐容易,激光器可室温 运转。     

高能强场太赫兹源与铌酸锂晶体

高能强场太赫兹（THz）源在国土安全、通信雷达、生物医疗等领域有重要的应用价值。然而，一直以来THz源的辐射输出能量小、转化效率低，阻碍了强场THz前沿科学与应用研究的发展。基于铌酸锂倾斜波前技术，飞秒激光抽运铌酸锂晶体有望实现能量更高的极端强场THz输出。从材料角度阐述了铌酸锂强场THz源产出的研究进展，总结了强场THz源对铌酸锂晶体的性能要求：均匀掺镁铌酸锂、低浓度掺镁近化学计量比铌酸锂、大口径铌酸锂晶体。最后，介绍了近年来周期极化铌酸锂和铌酸锂单晶薄膜等微纳结构的调控在THz源领域的应用研究。     

均匀周期极化化学计量比钽酸锂晶片的制备

采用添加助熔剂(K2O)的方法,成功制备了近化学计量比钽酸锂晶体,并基于1mol%MgO掺杂的化学计量比钽酸锂晶体周期性畴反转制备光参量振荡器(OPO)。通过在晶片表面形成占空比为60%的聚酰亚胺周期结构并利用液体电极施加极化电压,运用三步电压极化技术,制备出Z向切割1mm厚的均匀周期极化化学计量比钽酸锂晶片,晶片的畴反转占空比接近50%。     

磁场对周期性极化铌酸锂晶体中产生的窄带太赫兹波的控制研究

本文 利用飞秒激光作用于光折变周期性极化铌酸锂(PPLN)晶体和掺 镁(Mg)的PPLN(PP-Mg:LN)晶体通过光整流效应产生窄带太赫兹(THz) 辐射,通过外加磁场的 办法对THz脉冲串的振幅和寿命进行有效控制。随着外加磁场的增强,在光折变PPLN晶体中 产生的THz 波的振幅和寿命都随之减小;当外加磁场足够强时,光折变PPLN晶体中产生的THz波将完 全被抑制。外 加磁场之所以能够对THz波的振幅和寿命进行有效控制,主要是由于洛伦兹力的作用使光折 变晶体内部产生了空间电荷场。     

参量振荡器化学计量比钽酸锂室温极化技术

采用助熔剂籽晶提拉法成功生长了近化学计量比钽酸锂单晶.采用自行研制的极化设备,研究了大面积且厚度达到1.8 mm的近化学计量比钽酸锂晶体的电场室温极化过程,针对在极化过程中外部施加高电压时产生的回流现象,采用改变极化时间和相应的极化电压来抑制的方法,取得了较好的效果.利用化学腐蚀法,成功地观察了钽酸锂晶体的大面积畴反转.发现近化学计量比钽酸锂反向矫顽场较正向矫顽场低,并利用这一性质,进一步研究了近化学计量比钽酸锂的极化特性.     

周期性极化准位相匹配铌酸锂波导中二次谐波的产生

报道了基波波长为 130 0nm的准位相匹配铌酸锂质子交换波导倍频器的实验研制 ,在钛扩散周期性畴反转铌酸锂波导中观测到转换效率为 2 2 %的二次谐波的产生     

基于周期性极化铌酸锂晶体的Solc滤波器的研究

由于室温极化技术的逐渐成熟，准位相匹配非线性光学技术已经广泛用于可见和近中红外相干光频率转换．这其中最成熟的就是周期性极化铌酸锂(PPLN)，除了非线性光学系数以外，电光系数同样会由于铁电畴的周期性反转而周期性地被调制．如果把PPLN的每个畴看成一个半波片，相邻的不同畴的光轴由于横向电光效应而形成一个很小的夹角，     

高掺镁铌酸锂晶体周期极化及倍频特性研究

研究了掺镁(5mol％)铌酸锂晶体的周期极化特性,发现晶体的极化矫顽场仅为3kV／mm,根据镁掺杂对晶体本征缺陷的影响解释了极化矫顽场降低的原因．采用短脉冲极化电场,对极化电流的热效应进行抑制从而消除了晶体均匀性对制备周期极化光栅的影响,在1mm厚的掺镁(5mol％)铌酸锂晶体上成功制备出了均匀的周期极化光栅．在室温下,利用1．064μm的Nd：YAG调Q激光器对得到的周期极化掺镁铌酸锂晶体进行了倍频实验,在输入功率为75mW时,得到3．5mW的532nm倍频绿光输出,转换效率为4．6％．     

四价掺杂铌酸锂晶体

综述了四价掺杂(包括铪和锆)铌酸锂晶体的研究进展.掺铪铌酸锂晶体具有与掺镁铌酸锂晶体相似的抗光折变性能,而掺锆铌酸锂晶体的抗光折变性能远优于掺镁铌酸锂晶体.铪铁双掺与锆铁双掺铌酸锂晶体兼有高光折变灵敏度和高光折变衍射效率的性质.并且在掺杂量超过阈值时,铪离子和锆离子在铌酸锂晶体中都具有接近于1的有效分凝系数.这些实验结果表明,四价掺杂铌酸锂有望成为出色的非线性光学晶体.     

DFT扩展OFDM系统中降低信号峰均比的频域成型方法

OFDM(正交频分复用)技术的主要缺点之一是其发送信号具有较高的峰均比。DFT(离散傅里叶变换)扩展OFDM系统的发送方案可以有效降低信号的峰均比。在该系统中,频域成型方法不仅对系统有无码间干扰的特性和抗噪声性能有重要影响,而且对发送信号的峰均比也有重要影响。文中首先在加性高斯白噪声信道下推导了无码间干扰和接收机最大输出信噪比条件下发送频域成型函数及接收频域成型函数所要满足的条件,然后根据该条件设计了几种频域成型方法。仿真结果表明,频域成型方法能进一步有效降低发送信号的峰均比。     

低温生长砷化镓光电导天线产生太赫兹波的辐射特性

研究了低温生长砷化镓光电导天线(LT-GaAs PCA)产生太赫兹(THz)波的辐射特性。利用太赫兹时域光谱(TDS)技术测量了光电导发射极在飞秒激光作用下辐射的太赫兹脉冲,得到了时域发射光谱,并通过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)得到相应的频域光谱。结果表明,低温砷化镓光电导天线产生的太赫兹波信号比飞秒激光激发半导体表面产生的太赫兹波信号具有更高的强度和信噪比;太赫兹波信号与光电导天线的偏置电压成线性关系;随着抽运激光功率的增强,太赫兹波信号增大并出现饱和。     

Terahertz Radiation-Band Engineering Through Spatial Beam-Shaping

We propose a terahertz (THz)-band engineering technique based on generation of specifically designed time-domain radiation. The desired time-domain radiation is formed by combining the time-delayed outputs of an array of photoconductive antennas. We have employed this technique to generate tunable narrowband THz radiation. By using an array of identical photoconductive antennas with identical spacings, we have demonstrated a 12.5-mW output peak-power over 0.05-THz bandwidth and a tuning range of 0.65–1.4 THz. Considering the 2.5-THz bandwidth of each individual photoconductive antenna, 50 times higher power efficiency is achieved as a result of radiation-band shaping.      

双波长波片导致的脉冲分离对双色场辐射太赫兹波的影响

由于群速度的偏振依赖性,飞秒激光脉冲入射到双波长波片时出射光脉冲会分离为两个具有一定时间延迟的飞秒激光脉冲。从实验和理论模拟两方面研究了双波长波片导致的脉冲分离现象对飞秒激光双色场成丝辐射太赫兹(THz)波效率的影响。实验结果表明,脉冲分离导致的时间延迟会降低双色场辐射THz波的效率,可通过零级双波长波片缩短分离脉冲之间的时间延迟,有效提高THz波的产生效率。     

Terahertz Radiation Shaping Based on Third-Order Dispersion and Self-Phase Modulation in Standard Single-Mode Optical Fiber

Third-order dispersion and self-phase modulation in standard single-mode fibers are employed in a fiber-based THz time domain spectroscopy system for radiation shaping. Ultra-short optical pulses are converted into trains of pulses, thus shaping the THz radiation emitted by photoconductive antennas operating at telecom wavelengths. The proposed architecture allows narrowband and wideband THz emission as well as tunability of the central frequency. Since the shaping takes place in standard optical fiber the architecture could be potentially implemented without requiring any additional device. Experiments showing the principle of operation have been performed demonstrating tunability of the central frequency between 350 and 800 GHz and bandwidth from 150 GHz to the full bandwidth of the system.     

On the Correlation of Effective Terahertz Refractive Index and Average Surface Roughness of Pharmaceutical Tablets

In this paper, we have studied terahertz (THz) pulse time delay of porous pharmaceutical microcrystalline compacts and also pharmaceutical tablets that contain indomethacin (painkiller) as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and microcrystalline cellulose as the matrix of the tablet. The porosity of a pharmaceutical tablet is important because it affects the release of drug substance. In addition, surface roughness of the tablet has much importance regarding dissolution of the tablet and hence the rate of drug release. Here, we show, using a training set of tablets containing API and with a priori known tablet’s quality parameters, that the effective refractive index (obtained from THz time delay data) of such porous tablets correlates with the average surface roughness of a tablet. Hence, THz pulse time delay measurement in the transmission mode provides information on both porosity and the average surface roughness of a compact. This is demonstrated for two different sets of pharmaceutical tablets having different porosity and average surface roughness values.     

Polarization-Dependent Optimization of Fiber-Coupled Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy System

The optimization of the fiber-coupled terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system is performed by changing the polarization of the optical excitation pulse centered at 1550 nm. InGaAs/InAlAs multilayer structures based photoconductive antennas are used in TDS setup as both the emitter and receiver. The experimental results demonstrate that not only the THz signal power but also the temporal waveform vary with the rotation of the exciting pulse polarization. Maximum output power of the emitter is obtained when the polarization of the pump pulse is perpendicular to the edge of the metal electrodes. At this moment the THz waveform is close to a single-cycled pulse. However, double THz pulses could be recorded when the pump laser polarization is parallel to the electrodes. Laser pulse splitting induced by the birefringence of the optical fiber may attribute to the polarization-dependent performance of the fiber-coupled THz-TDS system.     

Measurement of spatio-temporal terahertz field distribution byusing chirped pulse technology

The authors report the use of an optoelectronic system for the measurement of terahertz (THz) pulses by using chirped pulse technology. This system measures the spatio-temporal distribution of free-space pulsed radiation with an unprecedented data acquisition-rate. Using a linearly chirped optical probe pulse with an electro-optic crystal, a temporal waveform of a copropagating THz field is linearly encoded onto the frequency spectrum of the optical probe pulse and then decoded by dispersing the probe beam from a grating to a detector array. Acquisition of picosecond THz field pulses without using mechanical time-delay devices have been achieved. A single-shot electro-optic measurement of the temporal waveform of a THz pulse has been demonstrated. Unparalleled by other THz sampling techniques, this single-shot method provides what is believed to be the highest possible data-acquisition rate. Temporal resolution, sensitivity, optimal optical bias point of electro-optic modulation, potential applications, and possible improvements are also discussed. In principle, this technique can also be used in magneto-optic measurements     

Kilowatt-peak Terahertz-wave Generation and Sub-femtojoule Terahertz-wave Pulse Detection Based on Nonlinear Optical Wavelength-conversion at Room Temperature

Intense Terahertz (THz)-wave generation and highly sensitive THz-wave detection were obtained by wavelength conversion with nonlinear optical susceptibility χ⁽²⁾ of LiNbO₃ crystals. Maximum peak output of about 50 kW (5 μJ/pulse) was demonstrated in an injection-seeded THz-wave parametric generator pumped by post-amplified emission from a microchip Nd:YAG laser. Using the sub-nanosecond pulse duration of the laser proposed herein provides effective mitigation of stimulated Brillouin scattering in LiNbO₃, producing higher gain for wavelength conversion between near-infrared (near-IR) pump light and THz waves. Monochromatic THz radiation was obtained in the continuous tuning range of 0.7–2.9 THz. Additionally, highly sensitive THz-wave detection was demonstrated based on up-conversion from THz waves to near-IR light as well as efficient THz-wave generation. The signal generated with non-collinear phase-matching condition showed spectroscopic detection on the screen apart from the LiNbO₃ crystal. Highly sensitive detection with minimum energy of about 80 aJ/pulse (0.8 μW at peak) and a large dynamic range of more than 100 dB were achieved in this experiment.     

Terahertz Focusing and Polarization Control in Large-Area Bias-Free Semiconductor Emitters

We show that, when large-area multiplex terahertz semiconductor emitters, that work on diffusion currents and Schottky potentials, are illuminated by ultrashort optical pulses they can radiate a directional electromagnetic terahertz pulse which is controlled by the angular spectrum of the incident optical beam. Using the lens that focuses the incident near-infrared pulse, we have demonstrated THz emission focusing in free space, at the same point where the optical radiation would focus. We investigated the beam waist and Gouy phase shift of the THz emission as a function of frequency. We also show that the polarization profile of the emitted THz can be tailored by the metallic patterning on the semiconductor, demonstrating radial polarization when a circular emitter design is used. Our techniques can be used for fast THz beam steering and mode control for efficiently coupling to waveguides without the need for THz lenses or parabolic mirrors.