偏振模色散缓解技术中调制码型的实验研究

本文通过巧妙地调节LiNbO3调制器的偏置电压，利用两个调制器实验得出占空比分别为33％和50％的归零（RZ）码、占空比66％的载波抑制归零（CSRZ）码，并利用这几种码型分别测出偏振度（DOP）与差分群时延（DGD）之间的关系。结果证实CSRZ码的DOP的变化范围较大，在抑制偏振模色散方面较优越。     

不同调制码型的偏振模色散补偿研究

在40Gb/s的光纤通信系统中,用三段模拟器模拟光纤传输中的一阶与二阶偏振模色散(PMD),采用单偏振态的偏振度(DOP)作为多级PMD补偿器的反馈信号,对归零(RZ)码、非归零(NRZ)码、载波抑制归零(CSRZ)码和啁啾归零(CRZ)码分别进行四个自由度的一级、六个自由度的二级和十个自由度的三级PMD补偿器的补偿.仿真得到了四种码型的DOP与误码率(BER)的关系,同时补偿后的BER、DOP和PMD的变化关系表明,对RZ和NRZ码采用二级补偿器的效果比一级和三级补偿器要好得多,对CSRZ码和CRZ码采用单偏振态的DOP作为反馈信号进行PMD补偿的效果并不理想.     

采用滤波技术提高不同码型差分群时延动态范围研究

采用宽带滤波、窄带滤波和非对称滤波3种滤波技术,将其分别应用于归零码（RZ）、载波制RZ（CSRZ）、差分相移键控RZ（RZ-DPSK）和差分相移钯控的载波抑制RZ（CSRZ—DPSK）4种不同码型的系统中,数值模拟结果表明,滤波技术确能提高差分群时延（DGD）的监控范围;在3种滤波技术中,以窄带滤波技术适合每种码型并使用DGD响应范围最大而具有更好的优势。实验验证了滤波技术提高DGD响应范围的有效性。     

利用偏振延时干涉装置的NRZ到RZ全光码型变换

提出一种基于偏振延时干涉仪(PDI)的非归零(NRZ)码到归零(RZ)码的全光码型转换方案。理论推导光信号经过PDI时光场的演变过程,分析了码型转换的原理。数值仿真实现了10Gb/s速率下NRZ到RZ码的转换,通过比较得出转换后的RZ码具有更高的接收灵敏度。改变双折射介质的差分群时延可以得到不同占空比的RZ信号输出。     

基于偏振调制的新型非归零码—归零码转换器

设计了一种基于偏振调制(PolM)实现非归零码(NRZ)信号到归零码(RZ)信号转换的新型码型转换器,并采用光通信模拟软件对其进行了仿真验证。所设计的转换器,首先采用PolM,对输入的NRZ信号进行偏振调制,然后采用射频时钟信号,抑制信号的旁瓣,实现NRZ到RZ的转换。该码型转换器具有RZ信号占空比可控,经码型转换器后各信号波长相同,时间抖动小,转换效率高,成本低优点,可望在高速光通信网络中得到广泛应用。     

不同码型对基于WDM的Li-Fi系统性能影响分析

为了探寻信源编码对可见光无线通信（Li-Fi）技术的影响，研究了4种不同信源编码方式：不归零（NRZ）码、归零（RZ）码、载波抑制归零（CSRZ）码和双二进制码，并采用OptiSystem软件搭建了基于波分复用（WDM）的Li-Fi系统，讨论了4种码型对基于WDM的Li-Fi系统性能的影响。仿真结果表明：在10 Gb/s传输速率下，NRZ码型在传输距离方面表现较好；在40 Gb/s传输速率下，CSRZ码显露了强大的抗非线性性能及传输距离方面的优势。     

RZ、CSRZ码在CBG色散补偿系统中的传输

全部利用线性啁啾光纤布拉格光栅（CBG）作色散补偿模块和在线通道滤波顺，在2500km超长距离的G．652光纤上实现10Ghps归零码（RZ）、载波抑制归零码（CSRZ）光信号的无电中继传输，并在2080km和2560km处分别对2种信号的传输性能进行了测试。CSRZ在上述2处的功率代价分别为～1dBm和～3dBm（BER-10^12，PRBS=10^23-1），RZ的功率代价分别为～3dBm和～5dBm，验证了在相同系统平台下CSRZ光信号比RZ光信号有更好的性能.     

40Gb/s光DQPSK传输系统性能分析

介绍了光差分正交相移键控(DQPSK)的调制和解调方式,对非归零码(NRZ),归零码(RZ)和载波抑制归零码(CSRZ)进行调制,研究40Gb/s高速传输系统中不同类型的光信号.使用色散补偿方式进行200km的模拟仿真,比较不同码型的传输特性.分析表明CS-RZ-DQPSK调制格式,具有更强的抗色散和偏振模色散能力,在较宽的入纤功率范围内取得最小的眼图张开代价.     

40Gb/s光纤通信系统中不同码型传输特性的实验研究

在高速光纤通信系统中码型的选择是决定系统传输质量和光谱效率的主要因素。码型的选择和信道速率、信道波长间隔、光放大器的选择、光放大器放置间隔、光纤的类型、色散管理策略等各种因素密切相关。分析了非归零码（NRZ）、归零码（RZ）和载波抑制归零码（CSRZ）码型的产生方式及特点。采用单信道和掺铒光纤放大器（EDFA）放大方式对三种码型进行了40Gb/s的100kmG.652光纤通信传输实验。比较了三种码型的系统传输持性、最佳入纤功率和不同入纤功率下的功率代价：载波抑制归零码最佳入纤功率为9dBm，功率代价小于非归零码和归零码。结果表明，在相同的色散补偿条件下，载波抑制归零码比归零码和非归零码有更优的非线性容忍度。     

RZ码和NRZ码的偏振模色散自适应补偿特性比较

建立了自适应偏振模色散补偿系统,利用偏振度作为反馈信号,对40 Gb/s的RZ和NRZ码分别进行了PMD补偿的数值模拟,结果显示,采用DOP作反馈信号、用二段补偿器和三段补偿器对二种码型的PMD补偿均是有效的.但由于高阶PMD的影响对NRZ码的补偿效果要优于RZ码,特别是存在偏振相关色散的影响时,对RZ码的补偿的影响在明显大于NRZ码,这说明,对于RZ码补偿偏振相关色散是必要的.     

不同FBG色散补偿结构中OOK传输性能对比

光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)以其使用方便、造价低、可靠性高等优势在高速光纤通信系统中逐步得到应用,而其色散补偿能力也一直备受研究者关注。文章对比研究了NRZ、33%RZ和CSRZ三种开关键控(OOK)调制格式在预补偿、对称补偿和后补偿三种FBG色散补偿结构中的传输性能,仿真结果表明OOK调制格式在FBG色散对称补偿结构中具有最好的传输性能。当在FBG色散对称补偿结构中单独考虑非线性效应和偏振模色散(PMD)时33%RZ具有较好的传输特性,而当综合考虑残留色散、非线性效应和PMD时,CSRZ系统传输性能最佳。     

Comparative investigations of DWDM transmission system with PMD for different orthogonally modulated signals at 80 Gb/s

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) has become one of the major limiting factors for high‐bit‐rate optical transmission systems. This paper evaluates the performance of dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) system with PMD at 80 Gb/s in the presence of Kerr‐nonlinear effects. Orthogonally modulated signals have been investigated and compared for tolerance against PMD in a DWDM transmission system with direct detection receivers. The optimized combinations of orthogonal polarization (OP) with carrier‐suppressed return‐to‐zero (CSRZ) and CSRZ differential‐phase‐shift‐keying signals are shown to improve PMD tolerance over high bit rates and long transmission lengths. Improved performance greater than 4 dB is observed for CSRZ modulated signal with OP because of less channel cross talk and reduced power transfer between adjacent bits over different PMD values. The numerical results demonstrate that our proposed orthogonally modulated signals perform better with lesser complex direct detection receivers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Novel C-IPDM Signal Format for Suppression of Polarization Mode Dispersion

A novel chirped intra-bit polarization diversity modulation (C-IPDM) signal format is proposed. The transmission performance of C-IPDM is compared to NRZ, RZ and the common IPDM in terms of the PMD tolerance by simulation in a 40 Gb/s system. The results show that the C-IPDM format can reduce the effects of second-order PMD significantly due to the chirping characteristic and the system Q-factor is increased especially in high PMD systems.     

Effect of PDL on the DOP feedback signal in PMD compensation

The impact of polarization dependence loss (PDL) on the degree of polarization (DOP) feedback signal in polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation is analyzed. PDL affects DOP only in the presence of PMD, and in the presence of PMD and PDL, DOP relates not only to both PMD and PDL vectors but also to the principal states of polarization (SOPs) components of the output signal; on the other hand, it adds new frequency dependence and is no longer independent of system bit rate. The PDL minimum endangering PMD compensation is determined by the step size of the PMD compensating algorithm and the differential group delay (DGD) value in optical fiber systems. DOP could no longer act as the feedback signal in PMD compensation unless the PDL in the fiber system has been effectively eliminated before PMD compensation.     

可补偿二阶偏振模色散的两级自适应补偿器研究

研制了对于10Gbit／s非归零码(NRZ)和归零码(RZ)光纤通信系统的二阶偏振模色散(PMD)自适应补偿实验系统。实验中运用光纤链路中的偏振度(DOP)作为反馈控制信号，采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)作为偏振模色散自适应补偿的搜索和跟踪控制算法，粒子群优化作为补偿搜索算法具有收敛速度快、抗噪声和避免陷入局部极值的优点；作为跟踪算法可以快速跟踪偏振模色散的随机变化。实验证明，该补偿系统可以同时补偿一阶和二阶偏振模色散。不论对于非归零码还是归零码，补偿后眼图恢复很好。补偿搜索时间为几百毫秒。跟踪系统对于链路中突发的偏振模色散变化的响应恢复时间小于20ms，实现了准实时的一阶和二阶偏振模色散自适应补偿与跟踪。     

Robustness of polarization-mode-dispersion compensation in the presence of polarization-dependent loss

The robustness of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensation utilizing radio-frequency feedback in the presence of polarization-dependent loss (PDL) is investigated using a closed-loop dynamic model. Simulations using mean PMD of 30% of the bit period show that mean PDL of up to 2 dB increases the Q-penalty after PMD compensation by less than 0.1 dB. We find that the compensator can become trapped in secondary optima at high PDL, incurring significant additional penalty.     

The effects of PMD and PDL on the performance of OOK and DPSK systems

Using multiple importance sampling （MIS） technique, the optical communication system performance affected by polarization-mode dispersion （PMD） and polarization-dependent loss （PDL） is simulated numerically. The power penalties and system outage probabilities are obtained for optical communication systems with on-off keying （OOK） or differential phase shift keying （DPSK） modulation. The simulation results show that DPSK always performs better than OOK. When the system has moderate PDL （about 1.5 dB）, it is necessary to compensate effectively the fiber PMD in order to enhance the system tolerance to the PMD and PDL. However, the efficiency of PMD compensation will degrade rapidly when the PMD of the whole optical link drops into the low value.     

基于VLPSO算法的100Gbit/s光传输系统的偏振模色散自适应补偿

针对标准粒子群优化(PSO)算法后期迭代效率不高和容易陷入局部极值问题,提出了一种基于变异机制的局部粒子群优化(VL-PSO,varied local particle swarm optimization)算法。在单信道100 Gbit/s光传输系统中,以VL-PSO算法作为逻辑控制算法,进行二阶偏振模色散(PMD)归零(RZ)码自适应补偿实验。结果表明,搜索补偿后,眼图张开度明显增大,平均搜索补偿时间为1.650 ms;并且VL-PSO算法能够实时跟踪补偿PMD的变化,跟踪时间小于0.431 ms。