倒锥透镜型光纤端的出射光场性质

倒锥透镜型光纤端系经过特殊技术加工而成。本文用二阶统计相关函数,采用单色相干光源,计算了倒锥透镜型光纤端的光场分布及其统计相关性质,并与平端的情况作了对比。在实验上,用He-Ne激光作为单色相干光源,对理论进行了验证。     

Combined optical fiber interferometric sensors for the detection of acoustic emission

A type of combined optical fiber interferometric acoustic emission sensor is proposed. The sensor can be independent on the laser source and make light interference by matching the lengths of two arms, so it can be used to monitor the health of large structure. Theoretical analyses indicate that the system can be equivalent to the Michelson interferometer with two optical fiber loop reflectors, and its sensitivity has been remarkably increased because of the decrease of the losses of light energy. PZT is powered by DC regulator to control the operating point of the system, so the system can accurately detect feeble vibration which is generated by ultrasonic waves propagating on the surface of solid. The amplitude and the fre- quency of feeble vibration signal are obtained by detecting the output light intensity of interferometer and using Fourier transform technique. The results indicate that the system can be used to detect the acoustic emission signals by the fre-quency characteristics.     

一种光纤传感流速测量仪

介绍一种光纤传感流速测量仪。该测量仪采用光纤作为传感元件,由微处理机进行控制,能自动显示被测流体的速度,体积小、重量轻,使用十分方便。     

Ramped, unchirped fiber gratings for dispersion compensation

The effective medium method is used to analyze an unchirped fiber grating in which the coupling strength between the light field and grating is monotonically increasing with penetration depth into the grating. The potential use of this type of grating for dispersion compensation in intensity modulated optical systems is discussed. It is shown that, when this type of grating is used in reflection, appropriately designed linearly ramped gratings can be used to compensate fiber dispersion over a wide range of bandwidth-distance product values. In contrast, when the grating is used in transmission, there are strong limits on the bandwidth-distance product     

光谱吸收法光纤甲烷传感器性能的研究

针对单光源光谱吸收法检测甲烷气体体积分数存在很多测量误差现状,本文首先分析了用发光二极管(LED)做光源时驱动电流抖动造成的测量误差,提出了补偿此电流抖动误差以及测量环境背景光干扰误差的双波长测量方法,简述了其测量原理,重点针对双波长方法从理论上推导了其测量误差通用公式,在此基础上分析井数值模拟了温度变化导致的测量误差,给出了减小双波长温度测量误差建议。研究结果对于其他强度调制型光纤传感器具有普遍的适用价值。     

用于油井相含率测量的光纤探针传感器研究

针对地面成熟三相流相含率测量传感器无法适应井下高温高压腐蚀的复杂环境,现有井下测量设备复杂,需要多种传感器和探头联合才能实现三相流相含率测量的问题,设计了一种光纤探针传感器。以蓝宝石作为光纤探针的前端敏感材料,利用气相和液相对光的折射率不同,通过检测探针反射光的光强来分辨光纤探针处于气相还是液相。通过检测经探针耦合进光纤的荧光光强分辨水相还是油相,从而实现单一探针传感器对油井内油相、水相、气相三相相含率的测量。     

准分布式光纤表面等离子体波传感器

研究了一种基于波分复用原理的准分布式光纤表面等离子体波传感器。应用光波导理论和多层膜反射理论分析了表面等离子体波效应在同一光纤探头中连续被激励的原理及其传感模型。通过数值模拟和相应实验分别考察了蒸镀调制层对表面等离子体波共振(SPR)效果的影响,并在此基础上给出了设计的一般步骤和原则。实验结果表明,蒸镀不同厚度的Ta2O5薄膜将导致表面等离子体波共振光谱发生偏移,且随着膜厚增加而逐渐发生红移;当液体折射率n0处于1.333~1.388之间时,蒸镀有Ta2O5薄膜的光纤表面等离子体波传感器波长灵敏度达到2235 nm/RIU(Refractive Index Unit);通过在一支光纤探头上依次加工两个表面等离子体波传感区域,实现了对光波信号的连续调制。     

FMCW反射计检测距离影响因素分析

频率调制连续波（FMCW）反射计以其高动态范围和窄的空间分辨率优势,在光网络检测、集成光路诊断和光纤传感等领域有着广泛的应用前景。在介绍FMCW反射计基本原理的基础上,分析了光源扫描重复频率、光源功率与FMCW反射计检测距离之间的关系,并探讨了光源相干长度和相位噪声对检测距离的影响。理论分析表明,当待测光纤的长度接近光源的相干长度时,中频信号和相位噪声之间的信噪比会急剧下降,所以FMCW反射计要使用高相干性的光源和一定的相位噪声补偿方法才能应用于长距离的光纤检测。     

光纤传感器在机械设备检测中的应用

阐述了光纤传感器在国内外桥梁检测及其他领域中的应用状况,并论述了光纤传感器在诸多重要领域中可发挥的独特优势.此外,还对光纤传感器的基本组成、原理、分类及工作特点进行了介绍.由于在大型机械设备的检测中,不能破坏检测对象,因而重点介绍了光纤传感器在大型机械设备检测中的应用.根据光纤传感器的诸多特点及在桥梁检测中的应用,光纤传感器能够满足机械设备的检测要求,实现对机械设备的无损检测.     

利用变形镜抑制光纤模态噪声

光纤模态噪声限制了下一代高精度视向速度光谱仪的测量精度。特别是当使用相干光源进行波长定标时,模态噪声会引起视向速度测量误差,降低视向速度测量精度。为了抑制光纤模态噪声,提出了一种基于变形镜的动态改变散斑花样的技术方法,该方法是在单次曝光时间内通过动态改变变形镜的面型,平滑光纤引起的散斑花样,提高定标光谱的质心稳定性,从而保证视向速度的测量精度。通过实验,利用632.8 nm 氦氖激光器作为定标光源,验证了该方法的有效性。实验结果表明,单次曝光图像包含约105个变形镜形变模式时,可以有效抑制光纤模态噪声。针对分辨率R=100000的光谱仪,单根定标谱线的情况下,光纤模态噪声引起的视向速度定标误差约为19.8 cm/s,与国际上其他技术方法的精度持平,该方法不仅可以提高能量利用率,且不影响光纤的使用寿命。     

Chromatic dispersion measurement in graded-index multimode opticalfibers

The chromatic dispersion observed in a graded-index multimode optical fiber is a function of the radial position of the launched light. When a graded-index multimode optical fiber is overfilled spatially and angularly, the chromatic dispersion observed is an average (composite) chromatic dispersion over all of the possible launches. Under certain assumptions, the relationship between the chromatic dispersion observed for the overfilled fiber and the chromatic dispersion of any restrictive launch can be determined. This relationship can be used to predict the composite graded-index multimode optical fiber chromatic dispersion from the measurement of the chromatic dispersion of a single simplified launch, such as a single-mode fiber launch. Preliminary experimental results confirm this approach     

Fiber Optical Intensity Sensors

Fiber optical intensity sensors are made of optical fibers connected to a miniaturized optical sensor which is based on either a mechanical light valve, a light scattering process, a photoemission or photoabsorption process, or the transmission property of the optical fiber itself. Use of the optical fiber to transmit light to and from the optical sensor makes it possible to construct an electrically passive sensor with remotely located electronic readout capability. Major advantages of this type of sensors are electromagnetic interference immunity, electrical passiveness and safety, miniature size, and ruggedness, In this paper, the large variety of fiber optical intensity sensors reported to date will be classified by their sensing mechanism. Examples will be given for each category of sensors with reported performances.     

Optical fiber sensor for vibration amplitude measurement

An optical fiber vibration sensor capable of measuring vibration amplitudes ranging from 1 mm down to 0.1 μm with a wide range of frequencies form 0.5 Hz to 100 kHz is described. The proposed method can be used to calibrate accelerometers. In this method the light from a tungsten halogen lamp is made to pass through an optical fiber whose exit end is mounted on the object under test. The emergent light is detected by a lock-in amplifier and then measured by a digital panel meter which can be made to give direct reading of the vibration amplitude. The main advantages of this method are wide dynamic range, wide frequency range, linearity, noise reduction, ruggedness, and light weight. The ultimate detectability can be as much as 0.5 Å/√Hz at 1 kHz     

Design of distributed Raman temperature sensing system based on single-mode optical fiber

The distributed optical fiber temperature sensor system based on Raman scattering has developed rapidly since it was invented in 1970s. The optical wavelengths used in most of the distributed temperature optical fiber sensor system based on the Raman scattering are around from 840 to 1330 nm, and the system operates with multimode optical fibers. However, this wavelength range is not suitable for long-distance transmission due to the high attenuation and dispersion of the transmission optical fiber. A novel distributed optical fiber Raman temperature sensor system based on standard single-mode optical fiber is proposed. The system employs the wavelength of 1550 nm as the probe light and the standard communication optical fiber as the sensing medium to increase the sensing distance. This system mainly includes three modules: the probe light transmitting module, the light magnifying and transmission module, and the signal acquisition module.     

应用于空间光通信的锥形光纤阵列

空间光到光纤的耦合是自由空间光通信的关键技 术,针对光纤纤芯直径很小,给耦合 带来很大困难这一问题,文章先分析了空间光到单光纤的耦合模型,然后提出了采用锥形光 纤阵列提高耦合效率的接收方法,之后,在实验室试制了锥形光纤阵列样品,并在微振动环 境下采用两种方法测量接收光功率,第一种方法是采用一个大靶面雪崩光电二极管(APD) 同时接收九根光纤光功率,第二种方法是采用熔融拉锥型光分路器将9根光纤中的光合并进 入一根光纤,然后用光功率计进行测量,测量结果表明,采用第一种方法比第二种方法得到 的光功率稍高,这是因为熔融拉锥后的光纤会有能量泄露。从总体上看,两种接收方法均说 明锥形光纤阵列样品达到了预期的接收效果。     

基于光纤光栅的差分式甲烷气体传感系统研究

根据甲烷分子的光谱吸收特性,研究设计了一套基于差分吸收技术的光纤传感系统.系统以发光二极管(LED)为光源,折返式吸收池作为气室,利用光纤光栅的窄带滤波特性,用双光路实现了差分吸收检测.分析和实验表明,该系统具有可行性,可用于煤矿、天然气站等领域进行远距离气体含量的实时监测.     

光纤数据总线用插卡式小型化光端机的研制

本文采用表面安装技术(SMT)研制成一种适用于光纤数据传输系统的插卡式小型化加固型光端机。文中着重介绍了该机的结构性能和技术指标。该机可广泛用于飞机、舰铅、坦克内部时分响应多路复用光纤数据总线传输网络系统,也适用于计算机信息的光纤数据传输系统。它是光纤数据传输系统的重要组成部分。     

光纤传像束研究进展

光纤传像束是一种可任意弯曲的传输图像的无源器件,与传统的光学成像器件相比,它具有重量轻、使用自由度大、易实现复杂空间结构的图像传递等优点。由于其优良的传像特性和可任意弯曲的特殊性能,使其被广泛地应用于医学、工业及科研、航天、军事等多种领域。本文给出了光纤传像束与其它成像系统相比所具有的优点,详细分析了影响光纤传像束传像性能的一些因素,介绍了传像束的制作方法,阐述了不同类型传像束的特点及应用,并指出了目前面临的问题。     

波长间隔可调谐多波长光纤光学参量振荡器

提出并实现了一种以高非线性色散位移光纤为增益介质,以光栅对形成谐振腔,简单线形结构的连续光抽运的波长间隔可调谐多波长光纤光学参量振荡器(MW-FOPO)。采用波长可调谐的窄线宽激光器作为抽运种子光源,以伪随机相位调制抽运光来抑制高非线性光纤中的受激布里渊(SBS)散射效应,结合高功率掺铒光纤放大器构成光纤光学参量振荡器的大功率抽运,通过四波混频(FWM)效应获得了室温下稳定的多波长激光输出。MW-FOPO的波长间隔可以通过调节抽运波长进行调谐。在1505~1615 nm光谱范围内,获得了17条消光比大于10 dB的多波长谱线。实验证明了MW-FOPO实现多波长激光光源的优异特性。     

基于anti-Stokes Raman散射温度效应的温度解调理论研究

激光脉冲进入光纤中,与光纤分子相互作用,产生Raman散射和Raylei曲散射。由于Raman散射具有温度效应,其散射光强度受温度调制,可作为温度信息的载体,用于温度解调及测温系统设计。本文提出了可行的温度解调方法及理论推导,并推导出单通道和双通道条件下的测温关系,设计出两种条件下的传感器系统。