俄罗斯基于超辐射机理相对论返波管实验研究进展

基于超辐射机理相对论返波管能产生高峰值功率、高峰值转换效率、快速上升前沿的纳秒／亚纳秒微波脉冲，正成为高功率微波源系统小型化的新技术途径．本文介绍了近几年来俄罗斯方面对超辐射返波管器件的实验研究情况，重点报道了Ka波段和X波段超辐射返波管器件的最新进展，并指出发展趋势及存在的一些关键技术问题．     

激光雷达用高性能光纤激光器

系统研究了窄线宽低噪声单频连续光纤激光器、高能量纳秒长脉冲单频光纤激光器以及高峰值功率纳秒短脉冲光纤激光器三类高性能光纤激光器:实现了工作于1、1.5及2 m波段的单频连续光纤激光器,典型光谱线宽小于3 kHz,强度噪声接近于散粒噪声极限;实现了高能量单频光纤激光器,脉冲能量超过200 J,重复频率20 kHz,脉冲宽度100~500 ns,激光波长位于1.5 m波段;实现了高峰值功率纳秒短脉冲光纤激光器,峰值功率超过700 kW,重复频率10 kHz,脉冲宽度3 ns;同时还实现了高重频高峰值功率纳秒短脉冲光纤激光器,峰值功率超过200 W,重复频率3 MHz,脉冲宽度1~5 ns。文中阐述了以上几类高性能光纤激光器在激光雷达探测系统中的应用前景。     

超辐射掺铒光纤脉冲放大器的时间特性分析

为了分析掺铒光纤脉冲超辐射放大器的输出特性,通过对时变激光速率方程求解的方法,进行了理论分析和数值验证,获得了系统对不同调制频率的响应和输出特性.结果表明,在一定频率范围内,将产生高峰值超辐射脉冲序列.用0.1W抽运1m铒光纤放大,种子具有纳秒级调制周期且占空比为1/2时,输出脉冲峰值渐减,约200ns后渐趋稳定.通过调节种子信号的光谱特性、调制特性并选择合适的光纤参数,可以控制放大脉冲性质.这一结果为利用超辐射光纤光源产生高功率、光谱性质可调的脉冲提供了有效途径,在1.5μm大气窗口及远程应用中具有实际价值.     

对双电子束互作用的数值模拟(英文)

利用数值模拟的方法对双电子束互作用进行了研究。结果显示:当一束由许多微脉冲组成的电子束(I)紧贴另一束由许多微脉冲组成的电子束(II)运动时,电子束(II)产生的移动的空间周期性电场能够迫使电子束(I)中的电子做曲线运动,使电子束(I)中的电子做曲线运动的加速度将会使电子产生电磁辐射。同理,使电子束(II)中的电子做曲线运动的加速度将会使电子产生电磁辐射。把这种由于双电子束互作用产生的辐射称为双电子束互作用辐射。利用准光学谐振腔,可以得到高峰值功率的相干双电子束互作用辐射。     

高功率微波器件的初步优化设计

将遗传算法与全电磁粒子模拟算法有机融合,研制出二维全电磁粒子模拟并行优化程序。据此对高功率微波源器件——磁绝缘线振荡器（MILO）和超辐射返波管（SRBWO）进行优化设计。将束波转换效率作为优化目标,在输入功率基本不变的情况下,优化后的磁绝缘线振荡器的效率比原模型提高38．8％;将超辐射相对论返波管的峰值输出功率作为优化目标,优化后的器件峰值输出功率比原来提高了37．5％,束波转化效率提高了50％;将超辐射相对论返波管的输出微波总能量作为优化目标,输出微波总能量比原来提高了38．1％。经优化后获取的器件模型几何参数合理,物理图像正确。     

自由电子激光器输出性能的研究

研究了自由电子激光器的输出功率,指出红外波段的自由电子激光器将较紫外波段器件容易获得高功率输出;讨论了相对论电子束的脉冲宽度和共振腔透过率的选择,获得了超辐射输出的工作条件;讨论了相对论电子束能量发散度Δγ_0/γ_0对激光能量转换效率的影响。     

自由电子激光器中Cherenkov相干辐射机理研究

由于普通的Compton—Raman型自由电子激光器是一类利用被Wiggler磁场驱动的相对论电子束横向动能转换成辐射能的装置,在这种系统辐射机理中,大部分电子束的纵向动能没有被利用。为进一步提高能量转换效率,我们根据一种系统可形成二种不同辐射机理的原则,以及现有的相对论电子束Cherenkov辐射理论和实验基础,研究了一种把普通自由电子激光器中相干辐射机理和相对论电子束在慢波器件所形成的Cherenkov辐射机理统一于一体的新辐射机理—Cherenkov相干辐射机理。利用推迟势公式研究了这     

0.34 THz相对论返波振荡器实验

利用相对论返波管(RBWO)产生纳秒脉宽、千瓦量级功率的太赫兹脉冲辐射对太赫兹技术的应用具有积极意义。本文对0.34 THz-RBWO进行了粒子模拟与设计,通过微精密加工得到了平均直径6.8 mm,波纹深度0.1 mm,周期0.26 mm的正弦周期慢波结构,并对0.34 THz-RBWO进行了初步的实验。文中对0.34 THz脉冲信号脉宽、频率、功率参数的测量原理进行了研究。通过初步实验测试,0.34 THz-RBWO辐射波脉冲宽度2.1 ns,频率范围0.32 THz~0.36 THz,功率为375 kW。     

基于相对论超短电子束的THz源

THz波的产生有多种途径,清华大学加速器实验室正致力于发展基于相对论电子束的高峰值功率的THz辐射源。本文分别从高峰值流强的单束团与基于激光整形的多脉冲束团序列出发,介绍实验室在宽谱高电场梯度和准单频可调谐THz辐射等方面的研究进展。高亮度电子束团由新一代光阴极电子枪产生,经3 m行波加速管加速,能量可达~50 MeV,采用速度压缩机制可使束团长度达到百飞秒量级。该超短相对论束团可通过多种机制产生高峰值功率的THz辐射,目前,实验室已通过相干渡越辐射(CTR)获得单脉冲能量18μJ的THz辐射输出。同时,提出了一种结合欠压缩工作模式和漂移压缩方法的新束团压缩方案,可进一步将束团压缩至几十飞秒,有望获得频率范围为0.1 THz~30 THz的超宽谱THz辐射。本文同时介绍了多脉冲超短电子束序列的束团测量实验结果,通过模拟研究验证了基于该束团序列CTR产生高功率、可调谐准单频THz辐射的可行性,并进行了相应的实验方案设计。     

针对锁相的相对论返波管优化设计

为实现基于相对论返波管振荡器的高功率微波相干合成,开展了针对锁相的低磁场返波管优化设计。通过优化中间调制腔的位置,降低工作模式的Q值,达到降低种子微波功率的目的。以外注入微波锁相方式为例,优化后的器件锁定增益大于20 dB,20 MW的注入微波功率即可实现对GW级的微波输出的相位控制。研究结果对调制电子束锁相也具有参考价值。     

W波段返波振荡器电子光学系统的设计与模拟

本文对W波段返波振荡器的电子光学系统进行了设计和模拟研究,软件模拟结果显示在W波段电子枪的工作电流为12 mA;设计了特殊的磁场结构,使系统磁场在长为80 mm的范围内为0.63 T.研究工作为W波段返波振荡器的研制打下了基础.     

An Unmagnetized Plasma-Loaded Relativistic Backward-Wave Oscillator: Experiment and Simulation

Reported in this paper are the results of an experiment to produce high-power microwave radiation from a gas-filled backward wave oscillator (BWO) driven by a relativistic electron beam without external guiding magnetic field. A peak power for background gas pressure at 5.25 mTorr has been observed as argon pressure from 0.75 mTorr to 15 mTorr. Operating frequency of the oscillator has been measured at 9.6 ± 0.4 GHz. The results of PIC simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results. A reasonable explanation is given for experimental results by PIC simulation.     

0.5 THz双电子注返波管注波互作用的高频结构优化

返波振荡器是一种重要的真空电子学太赫兹源,具有高功率、高工作频率和宽带调谐等特点。为提高圆形电子注与光栅慢波结构的互作用,提出一种双电子注嵌入矩形光栅的慢波结构,使电子注与光栅表面电场更好地充分相互作用,从而提高互作用效率和输出功率。通过数值求解和仿真计算其色散特性,结果表明,相比于相同结构参数的普通矩形单栅,该结构可以实现更高的工作频率和耦合阻抗。利用CST进行PIC仿真,优化结构和电子注参数,最终得到工作频率501 GHz,10.6 W的稳定输出。研究成果为设计0.5 THz的返波管提供了理论指导。     

A novel Smith-Purcell free electron laser

An experiment on a novel Smith–Purcell free electron laser (FEL) is described in this paper. The FEL is driven by a relativistic sheet electron beam of middle energy. The high frequency system of the device is a quasi-optical resonator composed of a diffraction grating and a three-mirror reflector. Coherent radiation with a peak power of tens of kW at the 3 mm waveband is sucessfully detected from an experimental facility. The main experimental parameters are: sheet beam energy from 400 kV to 500 kV; pulse length of voltage 70 ns; pulse beam current 0.2 kA; synchronous guide magnetic field up to 1.2 T with 10 ms pulse length; and grating period 2.2 mm.     

Consideration of Femtosecond Radiation Generation on NewSUBARU Storage Ring

We studied on realization of short pulse gamma ray and X-ray simultaneously induced by a femtosecond laser on NewSUBARU storage ring. Based on the fact that the transverse dimensions of electron beam are much shorter than the longitudinal one, the laser light is arranged to collide the electron beam at a right angle to generate femtosecond pulse gamma ray, furthermore, the modulated part of the electron bunch gives rise to short pulse X-ray by synchrotron radiation from a downstream bending magnet. The temporal characteristic of the radiation is analyzed in this paper, as well as the performances are estimated.     

Particle-In-Cell Simulations from a X Band Coaxial Relativistic Backward Wave Oscillator

A high-power x-band coaxial relativistic backward wave oscillator has been conceptually designed and analyzed. The TM_on dispersion relations in the coaxial corrugated cylindrical waveguide used in the device was calculated. MAGIC,an electronmagnetic particle-in-cell code, is being used to investigated the nonlinear beam-wave interaction and other design optimization issues. Preliminary simulation results shows that the coaxial BWO can generate 2. 2 GW peak power microwave at 10. 15GHz in the TM₀₂ mode driven by a 600-KV 20-KA electron beam, the peak power efficiency is about 18%.     

新型史密斯-帕塞尔自由电子激光实验

介绍一种新型的Smith PurcellFEL实验 ,实验中利用中等能量级的相对论电子束激励 ,由衍射光栅和三反射镜组成的新型准光学系统 ,可以产生可调短毫米波、远红外波段的辐射。主要实验参数为 :电子注能量为 40 0～ 5 0 0keV ,电压脉冲宽度 70ns ,同步脉冲磁场强度 1.2T ,成功地检测到 3mm波段的毫米波信号 ,其峰值功率达到数十千瓦     

A Novel Smith-Purcell FEL

A novel Smith-Purcell FEL with a relativistic electron beam of middle energy and a quasi-optical resonator composed of diffraction grating and three mirror reflector is described in this paper. Coherent radiation with peak power of tens of KW at 3 mm waveband is successfully detected from an experimental facility characterized by beam energy of 400-500 KeV, pulse length of 70 ns, pulse beam current of 0.2 KA, and pulse guide magnetic field of up to 1.2 T.     

Demonstration of a 140-GHz 1-kW Confocal Gyro-Traveling-Wave Amplifier

The theory, design, and experimental results of a wideband 140-GHz 1-kW pulsed gyro-traveling-wave amplifier (gyro-TWA) are presented. The gyro-TWA operates in the HE ₀₆ mode of an overmoded quasi-optical waveguide using a gyrating electron beam. The electromagnetic theory, interaction theory, design processes, and experimental procedures are described in detail. At 37.7 kV and a 2.7-A beam current, the experiment has produced over 820 W of peak power with a -3-dB bandwidth of 0.8 GHz and a linear gain of 34 dB at 34.7 kV. In addition, the amplifier produced a -3-dB bandwidth of over 1.5 GHz (1.1%) with a peak power of 570 W from a 38.5-kV 2.5-A electron beam. The electron beam is estimated to have a pitch factor of 0.55-0.6, a radius of 1.9 mm, and a calculated perpendicular momentum spread of approximately 9%. The gyro-amplifier was nominally operated at a pulselength of 2 mus but was tested to amplify pulses as short as 4 ns with no noticeable pulse broadening. Internal reflections in the amplifier were identified using these short pulses by time-domain reflectometry. The demonstrated performance of this amplifier shows that it can be applied to dynamic nuclear polarization and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.     

Powerful electromagnetic millimeter-wave oscillations produced by stimulated scattering of microwave radiation by relativistic electron beams

The stimulated scattering of electromagnetic waves in microwave generators, in which a high-current electron beam excites either a backward wave (BWO) or a quasi-critical frequency wave (orotron) is investigated experimentally. The scattering occurs at the same electron beam and the high-frequency feedback is provided by the inhomogeneities of the electrodynamic system of the microwave generator itself. A power of several tens of megawatts has been achieved in the 3-mm range. The mode selection permitted to obtain single-mode scattering.