双站SAR时频同步技术

基于星载SAR照射源的双站SAR系统,由于收、发系统分置,时间同步和频率同步误差会对成像结果造成影响,甚至不能成像,因此,时频同步问题是这类系统需要解决的关键问题之一.本文首先以基于星载辐射源、接收机固定在地面的双站SAR系统为例,详细分析了时频同步误差的模型,随后提出了一种利用直达波信号脉压峰值位置和相位信息提取时频同步误差,实现系统时频同步的方法,并对该方法的估计精度进行了分析.最后,通过仿真,对时频同步方法及其性能进行了验证.根据仿真结果分析,该方法取得了较好的性能,可以有效的应用于上述双站SAR系统.     

双站SAR多PRF同步链同步方法

收发单元之间的相位同步是双站合成孔径雷达的关键问题之一。针对实际双站SAR实验系统中所体现出的问题,该文提出了一种多PRF同步链的双站合成孔径雷达同步方法,该方法通过双向同步链实现高精度的随机相位误差测量;并利用中国余数定理解算频率差测量中的模糊,实现低同步频率条件下双站SAR单元频率源间慢变化频率差的无模糊测量。最后,通过仿真验证了方法的有效性。     

星间相干光通信中的光学锁相环

在相干体制下,二进制相移键控(BPSK)信号调制的零差接收机可实现理论上的最高灵敏度,是星间相干光通信的研究和应用重点.零差接收机要求本振波和信号波严格相位同步,常用的相位同步技术是光学锁相环(OPLL).阐述了光学锁相环的基本原理,介绍了近20年来光学锁相环的发展,在此基础上总结了各种类型锁相环的性能和适用范围.回顾了欧洲国家在星间相干光通信计划中通信终端使用光学锁相环的情况.最后对光学锁相环技术进行了总结,对该技术的前景进行了展望.     

机载双站SAR频率同步与误差补偿

机载双站SAR系统中，收发平台是分置的，收发载机本振频率源的不同步，将会引起回波信号相位误差的积累，其积累时间长度为整个合成孔径时间．本文给出了“GPS＋独立高稳定频率源”实现双站SAR收发频率同步的方法，并对该同步方法引起的同步相位误差进行了分析，提出了一种基于收发平台视距通信的频率同步误差补偿方法．最后给出了对几种典型频率同步误差的补偿仿真，仿真结果表明，该频率同步误差补偿方法能够有效地补偿由收发不同步引起的误差项．     

一站固定低频UWB BiSAR时间同步误差分析

时间同步技术是双基地SAR系统的关键技术之一.结合一站固定式低频超宽带双站SAR系统的工作特点,研究了其时间同步误差产生机理.在考虑了不同形式时间同步误差分量的基础上,分别建立了时间同步误差模型,从理论上推导分析了时间同步误差对一站固定式低频超宽带双站SAR成像质量的影响,并给出了量化的同步指标.最后通过仿真验证了理论分析的准确性.工作结果对于一站固定式低频超宽带双站SAR系统设计及同步方法的工程实践提供有力支撑.     

数字锁相环在位同步中的应用与实现

给出了一种适用于数字接收机的位同步数字锁相环算法.首先分析了数字锁相环的各个组成部分,详细推导了数字锁相环路中环路滤波器参数、鉴相增益等各个参数的计算公式;然后利用 Matlab分别仿真了环路对输入信号相位和频率阶跃的响应,对仿真结果进行了分析.仿真结果表明,采用数字锁相环的位同步电路对输入信号的相位和频率阶跃具有较好的跟踪性能.最后说明了在环路设计中应该注意的几个问题.     

基于星载辐射源的被动SAR频率同步:误差分析与同步方法

基于星载辐射源的被动SAR的收、发系统采用各自独立的频率源,因此,其收、发系统本振信号存在着频率同步误差.在接收端解调过程中,该频率同步误差会引入一定的相佗误差,进而影响下一步的成像处理.本文针对基于星载辐射源、采用地面固定接收机的被动SAR系统,分析了不同类型的频率同步误差对其方位向相位的影响,提出了一种利用直达波信号提取相位误差的频率同步方法.在利用直达波信号提取相位误差时,零多普勒时间的精确估计是关键问题.文章改进了零多昔勒时间的估计方法,提高了其估计精度,从而较好地实现了频率同步.最后仿真分析了研究结论的有效性.     

调频反馈——锁相环组合的调频接收机

引言在模拟调频接收机中,利用环路跟踪技术设法解决门限问题是一重要课题。常用的两个方法是锁相环(PLL)和频率反馈调频(FBFM)接收机、如图1a,b所示。虽然这两种系统可以用相同的数学模型表示,但在门限降低的机理上是根本不同的。频率跟踪接收机力求保持一小中频频偏,以便使用一窄的中频滤波器,从而减少鉴频器输入端的噪声。在另一方面,锁相环仅要求足够的载波功率以维持小的相位误差,并使其VCO输出频率与输入信号的相同。但发射频偏变得太大时,则相位误差增加,并且锁相环经常失     

Rayleigh衰落信道下相位误差对相干跳频多址接入MRC分集接收系统的影响

该文研究一种新型混合通信系统,即基于多载波BPSK调制的相干跳频多址接入(FH/CDMA)系统,接收端采用最大比合并(MRC)分集接收.由于采用相位调制,接收端载波相位恢复的精确度直接影响系统性能.假设载波同步通过一阶锁相环电路(PLL)完成,由于载波恢复环路中存在高斯噪声,当系统达到同步稳态时不可避免地会产生稳态相位误差.该文采用Beaulieu级数方法和特征函数方法,得到理想相干和部分相干(存在稳态相位误差)时FH/CDMA系统误码率性能表达式.仿真结果表明,相对于单用户系统,多用户系统误码率受到相位误差影响较小,误码率性能降低的主要因素是多用户干扰.MRC分集接收能提高系统抵抗相位误差和信道衰落的能力.     

星载寄生式InSAR系统频率同步误差分析

频率同步是星载寄生式InSAR系统的关键问题之一。根据频率源的工作特性,建立了一种新的频率源误差模型,并在该模型的基础上详细分析了频率同步误差对双站SAR成像及分布式InSAR高程测量的影响。建立了频率同步误差到干涉相位误差的传递模型,指出了星载分布式InSAR系统对频率源准确度及稳定性的要求,仿真验证了理论分析的正确性,分析结果对星载分布式InSAR系统的设计具有重要意义。     

频率源稳定性对BiSAR成像的影响研究

高稳定度的频率源是实现双站合成孔径雷达(BiSAR)系统相位同步的基础,该文研究分析了 收、发系统独立频率源条件下不同类型的频率误差对BiSAR成像的影响,确定了BiSAR成像的频率源 稳定性要求。最后,给出了计算机仿真的结果。     

双站合成孔径雷达系统同步问题研究

讨论了双站合成孔径雷达 (双站SAR)收、发系统的同步问题 ,详细分析了频率源稳定性对收发系统间相位同步的影响 ,并给出了计算机仿真结果     

Approach of Adaptive Synchronization for Bistatic SAR Real-Time Imaging

The use of a novel synchronization link to compensate time, phase, and spatial synchronization errors is proposed, aiming at the development of a practical synchronization technique for bistatic synthetic aperture radar (BiSAR) real-time imaging. With the proposed technique, an amplitude-modulated signal emitting from the transmitter is received by a passive receiver and divided into two channels. One is passed through an envelope detector and then used to trigger the sampling clock, and the second is used to achieve spatial synchronization and phase synchronization. Finally, the residual time synchronization errors are compensated with a proposed high-precision range realignment method, and the residual phase synchronization errors are compensated with autofocus algorithms. This technique allows a passive receiver, which is teamed with an illuminator at a safe standoff distance, to receive the data reflected from potentially hostile areas of interest. Thus, this configuration, making real-time imaging possible, has a particular value in military applications. Simulation results show that successful adaptive synchronization for BiSAR real-time imaging is possible by using this dedicated synchronization link.     

Terahertz Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar for 1-D Near-Field High-Resolution Imaging

Considering the difficult transceiver-isolation problem of the monostatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in the terahertz (THz) band, this paper proposes a compact THz bistatic SAR (BiSAR) geometry. The system allows the separately distributed transmitter and receivers. At the receiving end, there are a direct-wave receiver and an echo receiver, both operating at the heterodyne and in-phase mode. The echo receiver runs along a linear rail to fulfill the scene scanning, while the direct-wave one is fixed as a reference. Furthermore, assuming that the receivers are synchronized, both the problem of synchronization between the separated transmitter and receivers and the problem of timing at the signal acquisition would be solved by utilizing the high coherence between the echo and the direct wave. Based on such a system, the application of THz BiSAR for one-dimensional imaging is taken into consideration. Then, a high-resolution imaging algorithm is proposed benefitting from the total least squares estimating signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (TLS-ESPRIT) and the spatial smoothing process (SSP). The imaging performance is then demonstrated by both simulations and the experiments in the 0.183 THz.     

Carrier synchronization for 3- and 4-bit-per-symbol optical transmission

We investigate carrier synchronization for coherent detection of optical signals encoding 3 and 4 bits/symbol. We consider the effects of laser phase noise and of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), which can arise from local oscillator (LO) shot noise or LO-spontaneous beat noise. We identify 8- and 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes that perform well when the receiver phase-locked loop (PLL) tracks the instantaneous signal phase with moderate phase error. We propose implementations of 8- and 16-QAM transmitters using Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulators. We outline a numerical method for computing the bit error rate (BER) of 8- and 16-QAM in the presence of AWGN and phase error. It is found that these schemes can tolerate phase-error standard deviations of 2.48/spl deg/ and 1.24/spl deg/, respectively, for a power penalty of 0.5 dB at a BER of 10/sup -9/. We propose a suitable PLL design and analyze its performance, taking account of laser phase noise, AWGN, and propagation delay within the PLL. Our analysis shows that the phase error depends on the constellation penalty, which is the mean power of constellation symbols times the mean inverse power. We establish a procedure for finding the optimal PLL natural frequency, and determine tolerable laser linewidths and PLL propagation delays. For zero propagation delay, 8- and 16-QAM can tolerate linewidth-to-bit-rate ratios of 1.8/spl times/10/sup -5/ and 1.4/spl times/10/sup -6/, respectively, assuming a total penalty of 1.0 dB.     

Timing Recovery for Backplane Ethernet

The dominant solutions for single-chip multi-port backplane Ethernet transceivers utilize a dual-loop design - a combination of a single master phase-locked loop (PLL) and multiple slave delay-locked loops (DLL). Each transmitter or receiver port has its own DLL, which delays or advances a copy of the master clock from the master PLL to generate its own clock signal for synchronization. The DLLs are typically implemented using current-mode logic phase interpolators. This paper presents an alternative solution to this synchronization problem. Instead of moving the sampling phase, timing recovery is done by changing the group delay of the receiver-side forward equalizer by rotating its tap coefficients. The standard least-mean-square algorithm is used for coefficient rotation. This solution is equivalent to a first-order PLL/DLL, which suffers from steady-state timing offset when there is a frequency offset between the transmitter and the receiver. However, the degradation in performance caused by a frequency offset is significantly reduced by using a coefficient-rotation digital-signal processor capable of detecting and reducing the offset. With a practical frequency accuracy specification of plusmn100 ppm, the improved performance can approach that of the PLL/DLL dual-loop solution.     

Time-domain Approach to the Performance Analysis of GPS Phase Locked Loop

The frequency-domain approach is widely used in Global positioning system (GPS) receiver track-ing loop performance analysis. In realization, the Digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) is used. There is difference be-tween phase errors by traditional frequency-domain analy-sis and real receiver output because of discretization errors. In order to get more precise result, this paper uses time-domain difference equations to analyze the phase tracking errors under the influence of thermal noise and the dy-namic stress on different orders of PLL. The simulation re-sults show that the traditional frequency-domain approach has phase error deviation under long integration time (i.e., more than 10ms), while the time-domain approach has good accordance with receiver simulation output. Thus, the proposed time-domain approach can provide more pre-cise solution for PLL performance analysis.     

基于变长观察法载波同步的OQPSK全数字解调器

在应用于非协同通信的自适应盲接收机系统中,OQPSK信号的解调是一个难点。本文通过对数字同步技术的研究,提出了一种新的OQPSK全数字解调器。该解调器能够在恶劣信号条件下对OQPSK信号进行解调,对Eb/N0、载波频偏、时钟偏差等有很大的宽容度。本文在解调器数字锁相环的研究中提出了“变长观察法”,很好地解决了数字锁相环频率捕捉范围和相位稳定度对观察长度不同要求之间的矛盾,从而显著扩大了低Eb/N0 条件下数字锁相环的频率捕捉范围。     

一种快速同步的时钟数据恢复电路的设计实现

时钟数据恢复(CDR)电路是通信传输设备中的重要部分,对于突发式的接收,基于锁相环的传统的CDR往往不能满足其快速同步的要求.对此,文章采用过采样方式基于FPGA设计实现了一种全数字化的155.52Mb/s下的CDR电路.理论分析、仿真和实验测试结果表明,该CDR电路可以有效地对相位变化实现快速同步,有很大的捕捉范围,且系统较锁相环便于集成.