WorldView-2影像的湿地典型挺水植物群落含水量估算研究——以北京野鸭湖湿地为例

利用多光谱遥感技术定量估算野鸭湖湿地挺水植物的含水量.基于典型挺水植物的实测冠层光谱及其对应样方的叶片含水量和叶面积指数LAI数据,首先对芦苇和香蒲的地面实测光谱进行重采样,以模拟WorldView-2影像的光谱,然后利用模拟光谱分别构建芦苇和香蒲任意两波段反射率组合而成的比值(SR)和归一化差值植被指数(NDVI),通过分析植被指数与CWC(冠层含水量,Canopy Water Content)的相关关系,选择与CWC显著相关的植被指数,并通过单变量线性与非线性拟合的分析方法确定监测不同挺水植物群落的最佳植被指数,建立估算模型;结合覆盖研究区的WorldView-2高分辨率多光谱影像,对研究区的挺水植物群落CWC进行反演及制图.结果表明,基于模拟WorldView-2影像光谱构建的比值(SR)和归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)与CWC的总体相关性较高;SR(8,3)芦苇为估算CWC芦苇的最优植被指数,估算模型为y=0.005x+0.003,NDVI(8,3)香蒲为估算CWC香蒲的最优植被指数,估算模型为y=2.461x2-0.313x+0.032,通过交叉检验,CWC芦苇和CWC香蒲的预测精度分别为87.42%和82.12%,预测精度较为理想;利用实测数据对反演的CWC空间分布图进行了验证,通过验证,芦苇和香蒲影像估算CWC的均方根差(RMSE)分别为0.0048和0.0052,估算精度分别为83.56%和80.31%,表明利用WorldView-2高分辨率多光谱影像反演湿地挺水植物群落CWC具有较高的可行性.     

基于高光谱数据的叶面积指数遥感反演

文中耦合叶片辐射传输模型（PROSPECT）和冠层辐射传输模型（SAILH）,基于高光谱载荷通道设置,模拟高光谱冠层反射率数据;利用模拟数据深入分析了不同植被指数与叶面积指数之间的敏感性;通过敏感性分析发现改进型叶绿素吸收植被指数（MCARI2）具备抗土壤背景因素的影响能力,而且对叶面积指数较为敏感,因此该研究建立植被指数MCARI2 与叶面积指数之间的经验统计模型,并用于高光谱数据进行叶面积指数反演;最后利用飞行同步测量的叶面积指数对反演模型进行精度分析。结果表明:相比实测叶面积指数,文中建立的反演模型约低估0.42,该反演模型能够较好的反映出地物真实叶面积指数。     

浑浊Ⅱ类水体叶绿素a浓度遥感反演(Ⅰ):模型的选择

受高浓度悬浮物的影响,浑浊Ⅱ类水体叶绿素a浓度高精度定量反演一直是研究难点之一.利用2004年到2010年太湖4次实测光谱数据和水质参数,分别建立了两波段、三波段、改进三波段及四波段的叶绿素a估算模型;选择最优模型,利用巢湖2009年的实测数据进行独立验证.结果表明,四波段模型最适合高浑浊水体,线性相关性较好,决定系数...     

基于哨兵3A-OLCI影像的内陆湖泊藻蓝蛋白浓度反演算法研究

蓝藻是内陆富营养水体水华发生的主要优势藻种, 而藻蓝蛋白 (Phycocyanin, PC) 是蓝藻的标志性色素, 因此利用遥感估算水体中藻蓝蛋白浓度从而对蓝藻水华预警具有重要意义。利用太湖、滇池、洪泽湖的实测数据, 构建藻蓝蛋白随机森林遥感估算模型, 并将模型应用到哨兵3A-OLCI影像。通过对随机森林的输入自变量进行重要性分析, 发现第7波段 (620 nm) 、第8波段 (665 nm) 和第9波段 (675 nm) 三个波段对藻蓝蛋白反演的影响程度最大。同时, 反演结果表明, 随机森林反演的藻蓝蛋白浓度平均绝对百分比误差 (MAPE) 为34. 86%, 均方根误差 (RMSE) 为38. 67μg/L, 与Simis等半分析算法和齐琳的PCI (Phycocyanin Index) 指数模型相比, 平均绝对百分比误差 (MAPE) 分别提高了85. 06%和15. 65%, 均方根误差分别提高了26. 08μg/L和19. 86μg/L。利用地面实测数据对同步卫星影像大气校正进行精度评价, 发现MUMM (The Management Uint Mathematical Model) 算法可以用于OLCI影像的大气校正, 尤其在560779 nm处共8个波段的MAPE低于30%, 光谱曲线与实测光谱曲线形状保持一致。结果表明所构建的基于哨兵3A-OLCI影像的藻蓝蛋白随机森林反演模型, 可以成功的应用于我国的内陆富营养化湖泊, 为我国内陆湖泊藻蓝蛋白浓度的遥感反演提供一个新的算法。     

悬浮泥沙浓度分布方差与尺度修正——八邻域算法

在归纳总结悬浮泥沙反演模型尺度效应研究现状的基础上,提出了基于八邻域窗口估算像元泥沙浓度分布方差算法,并利用该算法的计算结果,推导与计算了线性模型、对数模型和指数模型的尺度修正方法.结合太湖Landsat/TM影像数据和同步实测泥沙浓度数据及光谱数据的分析表明:悬浮泥沙浓度定量模型的尺度效应误差与模型密切相关.对于像太湖这样的复杂Ⅱ类水体,尺度效应可以导致反射率的相对误差达到16%.     

基于红边位置的木荷叶片叶绿素含量估测模型研究

利用红边参数反演作物参数是定量遥感研究的一个热点, 红边参数中红边位置与作物生化组分强相关, 为监测作物胁迫提供了一个非常敏感的指标。准确估测植被叶绿素含量,对于研究森林健康和胁迫、森林生产力的估计, 碳循环的研究有着重要的意义。介绍几种红边位置算法, 并对这些算法及其应用进行了比较,通过选取红边位置的不同敏感波段来估测植被叶片叶绿素含量。经室内光谱获取叶片的光谱数据,采用一阶光谱导数法、平滑处理后一阶光谱导数法、线性四点内插法、五次多项式拟合法四种算法处理光谱数据,获得红边位置变量,并与叶绿素含量进行拟合,构建估测木荷叶片叶绿素含量的回归模型。结果表明:各种算法获取的红边位置变量所构建的回归模型估测叶绿素含量是可行的;五次多项式拟合法估算精度是最高的,其获取红边位置计算相对复杂;线性四点内插法估算精度次之,但计算较简便。     

用于高光谱图像分类的归一化光谱指数的构建与应用

成像高光谱的近地田间应用为农业定量遥感的发展提供了新的契机。如何发挥其图谱合一的数据优势,尤其在解析土壤、阴影等背景地物对作物养分反演模型的影响需要关注。该研究借助可见/近红外成像高光仪,在近地田间采集小麦群体的成像立方体,根据影像中光照裸土、阴影裸土、光照叶片和阴影叶片的反射光谱特征建立了归一化光谱分类指数,并应用该指数提取大豆影像中不同类型地物的光谱,分析了背景土壤剔除前后的大豆植被归一化光谱与叶绿素密度的决定系数变化情况。结果表明:土壤和阴影叶片光谱去除后,反演叶绿素密度的敏感波段由红-近红外区间（727 nm,922 nm）向蓝、绿,尤其是红波段（710 nm,711 nm）移动。对叶绿素密度敏感的波段区间表现为可见光增加,近红外减少,且红边波段决定系数最高。由此说明,基于归一化光谱指数的植被光谱提纯对定量遥感反演研究具有重要意义。     

基于半分析模型的新庙泡叶绿素a浓度反演研究

叶绿素a(Chl-a)含量是反映水体水质的重要参数之一,利用遥感技术监测其浓度具有众多优势.本研究利用2004年5-9月的吉林省新庙泡实测高光谱数据和实验室分析数据,建立了基于三波段的Chl-a浓度反演模型.该模型基于水体叶绿素a、悬浮物、溶解有机物、纯水的生物光学特性分析,优化组合了3个特征波长.结果表明用该方法建立的模型具有一定的物理基础,反演精度较高,其决定系数和均方根误差分别为0.8758、4.98μg·L-1,适合于内陆水体Chi-a含量的定量提取.     

基于红外热图像的棉花水分胁迫指数高光谱遥感估算研究

分别用Fluke公司生产的红外热像仪和ASD公司生产的非成像高光谱仪获取了棉花在5个生育时期的冠层的红外热图像和反射光谱。对红外热图像进行了技术处理,并根据Jones定义的作物水分胁迫指数CWSI计算了CWSI;利用光谱分析技术确定了反射光谱654 nm和一阶微分光谱738 nm处为CWSI的敏感波段;分别建立了它们与CWSI的线性相关模型方程。经检验,CWSI定量模型方程的估算精度分别为72.4%和80.5%。研究结果表明,用红外热图像技术作为获取作物冠层高分辨率空间信息的手段,可以消除背景干扰因素的影响,从而更精确地计算棉花冠层的CWSI。而与反射光谱相比,棉花冠层一阶微分光谱更适用于对棉花水分胁迫指数CWSI进行实时、动态估算。     

基于数据分割与主成分分析的LAI遥感估算

针对叶面积指数(LAI)经典统计反演模型存在估算效果不理想以及反演效率低等问题,提出了一种基于农学物候的数据分割与主成分分析结合的遥感估算方法.综合了原始光谱和微分(或差分)光谱主成分信息作为自变量,融入了以农学物候为先验的数据分割思想,并引入了多尺度建模方式参与反演过程.以冬小麦为实验对象,进行数值模拟和比较分析.结...     

Scaling-up and model inversion methods with narrowband opticalindices for chlorophyll content estimation in closed forest canopieswith hyperspectral data

Radiative transfer theory and modeling assumptions were applied at laboratory and field scales in order to study the link between leaf reflectance and transmittance and canopy hyper-spectral data for chlorophyll content estimation. This study was focused on 12 sites of Acer saccharum M. (sugar maple) in the Algoma Region, Canada, where field measurements, laboratory-simulation experiments, and hyper-spectral compact airborne spectrographic imager (CASI) imagery of 72 channels in the visible and near-infrared region and up to 1-m spatial resolution data were acquired in the 1997, 1998, and 1999 campaigns. A different set of 14 sites of the same species were used in 2000 for validation of methodologies. Infinite reflectance and canopy reflectance models were used to link leaf to canopy levels through radiative transfer simulation. The closed and dense (LAI>4) forest canopies of Acer saccharum M. used for this study, and the high spatial resolution reflectance data targeting crowns, allowed the use of optically thick simulation formulae and turbid-medium SAILH and MCRM canopy reflectance models for chlorophyll content estimation by scaling-up and by numerical model inversion approaches through coupling to the PROSPECT leaf radiative transfer model. Study of the merit function in the numerical inversion showed that red edge optical indices used in the minimizing function such as R₇₅₀/R₇₁₀ perform better than when all single spectral reflectance channels from hyper-spectral airborne CASI data are used, and in addition, the effect of shadows and LAI variation are minimized     

基于高光谱的苹果树冠层磷素状况估测模型研究

利用高光谱技术估测了苹果树冠层的磷素含量。先用ASD Field Spec3型地物光谱仪测定了春梢停止生长期苹果树冠层的高光谱反射率,并对光谱数据进行了多种变换处理。然后对其与磷素含量进行了相关分析,找出了与磷素相关性较显著的光谱参量,并通过逐步回归分析建立了磷素估测模型。结果表明,近红外波段是苹果树冠层磷素的敏感波段;808 nm、921 nm、1195 nm、1272 nm及其组合的归一化红外光谱指数与苹果树冠层磷素高度相关。在构建的估测模型中,以808 nm、921 nm、1195nm、1272 nm及其组合的归一化红外光谱指数为自变量构建的高光谱估测模型的估测效果最佳。该研究实现了苹果树冠层磷素含量的快速估测,同时也为苹果的实时营养诊断提供了理论依据。     

Remote Estimation of Crop Chlorophyll Content Using Spectral Indices Derived From Hyperspectral Data

This paper examines the use of simulated and measured canopy reflectance for chlorophyll estimation over crop canopies. Field spectral measurements were collected over corn and wheat canopies in different intensive field campaigns organized during the growing seasons of 2004 and 2005. They were used to test and evaluate several combined indices for chlorophyll determination using hyperspectral imagery (Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager). Several index combinations were investigated using both PROSPECT-SAILH canopy simulated spectra and field-measured reflectances. The relationships between leaf chlorophyll content and combined optical indices have shown similar trends for both PROSPECT-SAILH simulated data and ground-measured data sets, which indicates that both spectral measurements and radiative transfer models hold comparable potential for the quantitative retrieval of crop foliar pigments. The data set used has shown that crop type had a clear influence on the establishment of predictive equations as well as on their validation. In addition to generating different predictive equations, corn and wheat data yielded contrasting agreement between estimated and measured chlorophyll contents even for the same predictive algorithm. Among the set of indices tested in this paper, index combinations like modified chlorophyll absorption ratio index/optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index (OSAVI), triangular chlorophyll index/OSAVI, moderate resolution imaging spectrometer terrestrial chlorophyll index/improved soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI), and red-edge model/MSAVI seem to be relatively consistent and more stable as estimators of crop chlorophyll content.     

Forest canopy closure from classification and spectral unmixing ofscene components-multisensor evaluation of an open canopy

Three types of remote sensing data, color infrared aerial photography (CIR), compact airborne spectrographic imager (CASI) imagery, and airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) imagery, have been used to estimate forest canopy closure for an open-canopy forest environment. The high-spatial-resolution CIR and CASI images were classified to generate forest canopy closure estimates. These estimates were used to validate the forest canopy closure estimation accuracy obtained using the AVIRIS image. Reflectance spectra extracted from the spectral-mode CASI image were used to normalize the raw AVIRIS image to a reflectance image. Classification and spectral unmixing methods have been applied to the AVIRIS image. Results indicate that both the classification and the spectral unmixing methods can produce reasonably accurate estimates of forest canopy closure (within 3 percent agreement) when related statistics are extracted from the AVIRIS image and relatively pure reflectance spectra are extracted from the CASI image. However, it is more challenging to use the spectral unmixing technique to derive subpixel-scale components whose reflectance spectra cannot be directly extracted from the AVIRIS image     

Shinnery oak bidirectional reflectance properties and canopy modelinversion

The authors present field measurements and the results of a three-dimensional canopy model inversion for sand shinnery oak. Spectral bidirectional radiance measurements in three spectral channels, 0.65-0.67 μm, 0.81-0.84 μm, and 1.62-1.69 μm, encompassing both the complete land surface and sky hemispheres, were acquired for a sand shinnery oak plant community in west Texas. The changes in canopy reflectance that occur with variations in solar zenith angle and view direction and for two seasons of the year were evaluated. A three-dimensional radiation interaction model (TRIM) was then inverted to estimate oak leaf area index (LAI) and canopy density, expressed as percentage of cover, from the bidirectional reflectance data     

Investigation of leaf biochemistry by hierarchicalforeground/background analysis

A hierarchical procedure was developed for quantitative estimation of foliar chemistry from remote reflectance spectra. The authors based their analysis on a new methodology called Hierarchical Foreground and Background Analysis (HFBA) that derives sequentially a series of weighting vectors which simultaneously extract important discriminant features, in this case, leaf anatomy and chemical concentration at different levels of detection from the spectral information. In this study, they focused on the application of detecting carbon, cellulose, nitrogen concentrations, and water content. The goal of the derived vectors is twofold: 1) create a robust detection and classification system of constituent materials and 2) create a good information packing system that minimizes extraneous undesired interference, like noise, in the analysis. In their study, two data sets were examined: a fresh leaf (FL) data set, LOPEx, and a dry leaf data set, Blackhawk Island (BH), WI. The authors tested the robustness of the derived vectors with four other data sets: fresh leaf data from Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve (JRBP), Santa Monica Mountains (SMM), CA and dry leaf data from two ACCP sites Howland and Harvard Forest. The results support the robustness of the HFBA system and demonstrate an advantage in classification accuracy as well as in predicting the biochemical composition (subsequent levels) over classical forms of analysis that ignore effects of the nonlinear variation that contribute to reflectance at different (subpixel and spectral) scales, HFBA primarily deals with the spectral scaling issue     

基于傅里叶变换红外光谱和siPLS-GA-PLS的水稻叶片氮素含量预测研究

傅里叶变换中红外光谱谱区宽,搜索空间大,需要采用高效率和高质量的算法进行波长选择.敏感波段及其组合的选择是简化分析模型和提高模型预测精度的关键技术之一.本研究以水稻孕穗期叶片干样的中红外光谱透射率和叶片氮素含量为数据源,通过协同偏最小二乘算法(siPLS)从宽谱区中初选出波段范围1583.3~992.2cm-1,再采用迭代遗传算法(GA)从中选出了84个水稻叶片氮素含量预测的敏感波段.研究结果显示以此敏感波段建立的偏最小二乘回归模型的预测均方根误差(RMSEP)和水稻叶片总氮含量的测量值与预测值之间的相关系数分别为0.1186和0.9120,该预测结果明显优于协同偏最小二乘法(siPLS)和光谱指数NFSA的预测结果,说明傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合siPLS-GA-PLS算法能够实现水稻叶片氮素含量的预测.